Magnetostratigraphic calibration of Southern Ocean diatom datums from the Eocene-Oligocene of Kerguelen Plateau (Ocean Drilling Program sites 744 and 748)
Author(s)
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
2.2. Laboratorio di paleomagnetismo
Status
Published
JCR Journal
JCR Journal
Peer review journal
Yes
Issue/vol(year)
1 / 198 (2003)
Publisher
Elsevier
Pages (printed)
145-168
Date Issued
September 15, 2003
Abstract
Ocean Drilling Program holes 744Aand 748B represent key sections for calibration of Southern Ocean Eocene-Oligocene biostratigraphic zonations. Sites 744 and 748 were above the carbonate compensation depth throughout this time interval and contain good planktonic foraminiferal, calcareous nannofossil, and diatom biostratigraphic
records. In particular, the Southern Ocean diatom biostratigraphic zonation for the Oligocene critically hinges on calibration of these two holes. Previous low-resolution magnetostratigraphic studies at these sites were hampered by limited sampling and technical difficulties, which prompted our high-resolution reinvestigation of the magnetostratigraphy. Magnetic polarity zonations for holes 744Aand 748B were constructed after inspection of vector component plots at 1-cm stratigraphic intervals from continuous u-channel measurements. The magnetizations are generally stable and a robust polarity stratigraphy has been obtained for both holes. The increased resolution of our study and identification of persistent secondary overprints, which were not recognised in previous studies, suggests that the previously published interpretations need to be revised. Our magnetostratigraphic interpretations for both holes are constrained by foraminiferal and calcareous nannofossil datums, as well as by Sr isotope ages. We have calibrated four diatom datums, which are synchronous at the two studied sites, to the geomagnetic polarity timescale, including the first occurrence (FO) of Lisitzinia ornata (27.8 Ma), the FO of Rocella vigilans var. B (27.8 Ma), the FO of
Cavitatus jouseanus (30.9 Ma) and the FO of Rhizosolenia oligocaenica (33.8 Ma). The synchroneity of these datums suggests that diatom biostratigraphy has considerable potential for Palaeogene biostratigraphic correlation in the Southern Ocean. Although the ages of some datums are obscured by an unconformity in Hole 744A, our age model
from Hole 748B suggests age estimates for the last common occurrence of Rocella vigilans var. A(~29.0 Ma), the FO of Rocella vigilans var. A(30.0 Ma) and the FO of Rhizosolenia antarctica (33.2 Ma). It should also be noted that the last occurrence of the calcareous nannofossil Chiasmolithus altus occurs in Chron C8r rather than C8n in our revised
magnetostratigraphic interpretation, which indicates that this datum is not diachronous between low and mid latitudes as had previously been suggested. Significant unconformities are documented in both holes, in the middle Oligocene and in the middle late Oligocene, respectively, which probably resulted from periods of enhanced circumpolar deep-water circulation.
records. In particular, the Southern Ocean diatom biostratigraphic zonation for the Oligocene critically hinges on calibration of these two holes. Previous low-resolution magnetostratigraphic studies at these sites were hampered by limited sampling and technical difficulties, which prompted our high-resolution reinvestigation of the magnetostratigraphy. Magnetic polarity zonations for holes 744Aand 748B were constructed after inspection of vector component plots at 1-cm stratigraphic intervals from continuous u-channel measurements. The magnetizations are generally stable and a robust polarity stratigraphy has been obtained for both holes. The increased resolution of our study and identification of persistent secondary overprints, which were not recognised in previous studies, suggests that the previously published interpretations need to be revised. Our magnetostratigraphic interpretations for both holes are constrained by foraminiferal and calcareous nannofossil datums, as well as by Sr isotope ages. We have calibrated four diatom datums, which are synchronous at the two studied sites, to the geomagnetic polarity timescale, including the first occurrence (FO) of Lisitzinia ornata (27.8 Ma), the FO of Rocella vigilans var. B (27.8 Ma), the FO of
Cavitatus jouseanus (30.9 Ma) and the FO of Rhizosolenia oligocaenica (33.8 Ma). The synchroneity of these datums suggests that diatom biostratigraphy has considerable potential for Palaeogene biostratigraphic correlation in the Southern Ocean. Although the ages of some datums are obscured by an unconformity in Hole 744A, our age model
from Hole 748B suggests age estimates for the last common occurrence of Rocella vigilans var. A(~29.0 Ma), the FO of Rocella vigilans var. A(30.0 Ma) and the FO of Rhizosolenia antarctica (33.2 Ma). It should also be noted that the last occurrence of the calcareous nannofossil Chiasmolithus altus occurs in Chron C8r rather than C8n in our revised
magnetostratigraphic interpretation, which indicates that this datum is not diachronous between low and mid latitudes as had previously been suggested. Significant unconformities are documented in both holes, in the middle Oligocene and in the middle late Oligocene, respectively, which probably resulted from periods of enhanced circumpolar deep-water circulation.
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662.
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K.L., 2001. Magnetostratigraphy of late Eocene -
early Oligocene glaciomarine sediments from the CRP-3
core, McMurdo Sound, Ross Sea, Antarctica. Terra Ant.
8, 599-613.
Florindo, F., Bohaty, S.M., Erwin, P.S., Richter, C., Roberts,
A.P., Whalen, P.A., Whitehead, J.M., 2003. Magnetobiostratigraphic
chronology and palaeoenvironmental history
of Cenozoic sequences from ODP Sites 1165 and 1166,
Prydz Bay, Antarctica. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol.
(this issue) 10.1016/S0031-0182(03)00395-X
Fuller, M., Hastedt, M., Herr B., 1998. Coring-induced magnetization
of recovered sediment. In: Weaver, P.P.E.,
Schmincke, H.-U., Firth, J.V., Duffield, W., et al. (Eds.),
Proc. ODP Sci. Res. 157, 47-56.
Fulthorpe, C.S., Carter, R.M., Miller, K.G., Wilson, J., 1996.
Marshall Paraconformity: a mid-Oligocene record of inception
of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and coeval glacio-
eustatic lowstand? Mar. Petrol. Geol. 13, 61-77.
Gladczenko, T.P., Coffin, M.F., 2001. Kerguelen Plateau crustal
structure and basin formation from seismic and gravity
data. J. Geophys. Res. 106, 16583-16601.
Harwood, D.M., Maruyama, T., 1992. Middle Eocene to Pleistocene
diatom biostratigraphy of ODP Leg 120, Kerguelen
Plateau. In: Wise, S.W., Jr., Schlich, R., et al. (Eds.), Proc.
ODP Sci. Res. 120, 683-733.
Harwood, D.M., Bohaty, S.M., Scherer, R.P., 1998. Lower
Miocene diatom biostratigraphy of the CRP-1 drillcore, Mc-
Murdo Sound, Antarctica. Terra Ant. 5, 499-514.
Heider, F., Koerner, U., Bitschene, P., 1993. Volcanic ash particles
as carriers of remanent magnetization in deep-sea sediments
from the Kerguelen Plateau. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.
118, 121-134.
Huber, B.T., 1991. Paleogene and early Neogene planktonic
foraminifera biostratigraphy of sites 738 and 744, Kerguelen
Plateau (southern Indian Ocean). In: Barron, J., Larsen, B.,
et al. (Eds.), Proc. ODP Sci. Res. 119, 427-450.
Inokuchi, H., Heider, F., 1992. Magnetostratigraphy of sediments
from sites 748 and 750, ODP Leg 120. In: Wise, S.W.,
Jr., Schlich, R., et al. (Eds.), Proc. ODP Sci. Res. 120, 247-
252.
Jenkins, D.G., 1974. Initiation of the proto circum-Antarctic
current. Nature 252, 371-373.
Keating, B.H., Sakai, H., 1991. Magnetostratigraphic studies
of sediments from Site 744, southern Kerguelen Plateau. In:
Barron, J., Larsen, B., et al. (Eds.), Proc. ODP Sci. Res. 119,
771-794.
Kennett, J.P., Burns, R.E., Andrews, J.E., Churkin, M., Jr.,
Davies, T.A., Dumitrica, P., Edwards, A.R., Galehouse,
J.S., Packham, G.H., van der Lingen, G.J., 1972. Australian-
Antarctic continental drift, palaeocirculation changes
and Oligocene deep-sea erosion. Nat. Phys. Sci. 239, 51-
55.
Kirschvink, J.L., 1980. The least-squares line and plane and
the analysis of palaeomagnetic data. Geophys. J. R. Astron.
Soc. 62, 699-718.
Koeberl, C., Poag, C.W., Reimold, W.U., Brandt, D., 1996.
Impact origin of the Chesapeake Bay structure and the
source of the North American tektites. Science 271, 1263-
1266.
Kok, Y.S., Tauxe, L., 1996a. Saw-toothed pattern of relative
paleointensity records and cumulative viscous remanence.
Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 137, 95-99.
Kok, Y.S., Tauxe, L., 1996b. Saw-toothed pattern of sedimentary
paleointensity records explained by cumulative viscous
remanence. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 144, E9-E14.
Lawver, L.A., Gahagan, L.M., Coffin, M.F., 1992. The development
of paleoseaways around Antarctica. In: Kennett,
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