Insights into lava fountain eruptions at Mt. Etna by improved source location of the volcanic tremor

We analysed volcanic tremor recorded during ten lava fountain eruptions at Mount Etna volcano over the second half of 2011. The seismic
signal, recorded by a network of 19 broadband stations, was corrected for site effects. The site amplification factors obtained for all
the seismic stations were calculated using 18 regional earthquakes. To quantitatively estimate the goodness of the site correction, the volcanic
tremor source locations obtained by using site corrections were compared with those performed without such corrections. The
seismic signal was filtered in two different frequency bands before applying correction: (i) the band 1-2 Hz, which contains most of the
tremor energy, and (ii) the band 5-10 Hz, in which, likely due to scattering phenomena, the assumption of isotropic radiation behind the
volcanic tremor source location method is valid. The results revealed that the seismic signal correction for site effects improved the
tremor location results. Such improved tremor locations, together with volcanological and geodetic data, allowed us to identify two distinct
periods characterised by different tremor locations during lava fountains (July - August 20 and August 20 - November 15). Such
differences were probably due to magma recharge phenomena, taking place during the former period.