Archaeoseismic Evidence of Two Neolithic (7,500–6,000 B.C.) Earthquakes at Tell es-Sultan, Ancient Jericho, Dead Sea Fault
Author(s)
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
3.10. Storia ed archeologia applicate alle Scienze della Terra
Status
Published
JCR Journal
JCR Journal
Peer review journal
Yes
Journal
Issue/vol(year)
4/83 (2012)
ISSN
0895-0695
Electronic ISSN
1938-2057
Publisher
Seismological Society of America
Pages (printed)
639-648
Date Issued
2012
Subjects
Abstract
None
References
Ambraseys, N. N. (2006). Earthquakes and archaeology, J. Archaeol. Sci.
33, 1008–1016.
Ambraseys, N. N. (2009). Earthquake in the Mediterranean and in the
Middle East. A Multidisciplinary Study of Seismicity up to 1900,
Cambridge University Press, New York, U.S.A.
Avi-Yonah, M., and E. Stern (Editors) (1978). Encyclopedia of Archeaeological
Excavations in the Holy Land, Vol. I–IV, Oxford University
Press, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
Avni, R., D. Bowman, A. Shapira, and A. Nur (2002). Erroneous interpretation
of historical documents related to the epicenter of the
1927 Jericho earthquake in the Holy Land, J. Seismol. 6, no. 4,
469–476.
Bar-Yosef, O. (1986). The walls of Jericho—An alternative interpretation,
Curr. Anthropol. 27, 157–162.
Begin, Z. B. (1974). The geological map of Israel, Jericho sheet, Geol.
Surv. Isr., scale 1:50,000.
Ben-Menahem, A., M. Vered, and A. Nur (1976). Tectonics, seismicity
and structure of the Afro-Eurasian Junction, Earth Planet. In. 12,
1–50.
Ben-Menahem, A. (1991). Four thousand years of seismicity along the
Dead Sea rift, J. Geophys. Res. 96, 17325–17351.
Braun, Y., E. Kagan, M. Bar-Matthews, A. Ayalon, and A. Agnon (2009).
Dating spleleoseismites near the Dead Sea Transform and the
Carmel fault: Clues to coupling a plate boundary and its branch,
Isr. J. Earth Sci. 58, 257–273.
Enzel, Y., G. Kadan, and Y. Eyal (2000). Holocene earthquakes inferred
from a fan—delta sequence in the Dead Sea graben, Quaternary Res.
53, 34–48.
Garfunkel, Z., I. Zak, and R. Freund (1981). Active faulting in the Dead
Sea rift, Tectonophysics 80, 1–26.
Gardosh, M., Z. Reches, and Z. Garfunkel (1990). Holocene tectonic
deformation along the western margin of the Dead Sea, Tectonophysics
180, 123–137.
Garstang, J., J. P. Droop, and J. Crowfoot (1935). ericho: city and
necropolis (fifth report), Ann. Archaeol. Anthropol. 22, 143–184.
Garstang, J., and J. B. E. Garstang (1948). The Story of Jericho, Hodder
and Stoughton Limited, London.
Guidoboni, E., A. Comastri, and G. Traina (1994). Catalogue of Ancient
Earthquakes in the Mediterranean Area up to the 10th Century, SGA
Editorial Production, Rome.
Hamiel, Y., R. Amit, and Z. B. Begin (2009). The seismicity along the
Dead Sea fault during the last 60,000 years, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.
99, no. 3, 2020–2026.
Kagan, E. J., A. Agnon, M. Bar-Matthews, and A. Ayalon (2005). Dating
large infrequent earthquakes by damaged cave deposits, Geology 33,
261–264.
Kagan, E., M. Stein, A. Agnon, and F. Neumann (2011). Intrabasin
paleoearthquakes and quiescence correlation of the late Holocene
Dead Sea, J. Geophys. Res. 116, B04311.
Karcz, U., U. Kafri, and Z. Meshel (1977). Archaeological evidence for
subrecent seismic activity along the Dead Sea—Jordan rift, Nature
269, 234–235.
Ken-Tor, R., A. Agnon, Y. Enzel, S. Marco, J. F. W. Negendank, and
M. Stein (2001). High-resolution geological record of historic
earthquakes in the Dead Sea basin, J. Geophys. Res. 106, no. B2,
2221–2234.
Kenyon, K. M. (1957). Digging Up Jericho, Ernest Benn, London,
261–262.
Kenyon, K. M. (1978). The Bible and Recent Archaeology, British
Museum Publications Ltd., London.
Kenyon, K. M. (1981). Excavations at Jericho, III. The Architecture and
Stratigraphy of the Tell, British School of Archaeology, Jerusalem.
Lazar, M., Z. Ben-Avraham, Z. Garfunkel, N. Porat, and S.Marco (2010).
Is the Jericho escarpment a tectonic or a geomorphological
feature? Active faulting and paleoseismic trenching, J. Geol. 118,
261–276.
Marco, S., M. Stein, A. Agnon, and H. Ron (1996). Long term earthquake
clustering: a 50,000 year paleoseismic record in the Dead Sea
graben, J. Geophys. Res. 101, 6179–6192.Marco, S. (2008). Recognition of earthquake-related damage in archaeological
sites: examples from the Dead Sea fault zone, Tectonophysics
453, 148–156.
Migowski, C., A. Agnon, R. Bookman, J. F. W. Negendank, and M. Stein
(2004). Recurrence pattern of Holocene earthquakes along the Dead
Sea transform revealed by varve-counting and radiocarbon dating of
lacustrine sediments, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 222, 301–314.
Nigro, L. and H. Taha (Editors) (2006). Tell es-Sultan/Jericho in the
Context of the Jordan Valley: Site Management, Conservation
and Sustainable Development, Paper presented at the Proceedings
of the International Workshop, Ariha, 7–11 February 2005, by
the Palestinian Department of Antiquities and Cultural Heritage,
Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, UNESCO Office, Ramallah,
Rome “La Sapienza” University (Rome «La Sapienza» Studies on
the Archaeology of Palestine & Transjordan 02), Rome.
Nigro, L. (2009). When the walls tumble down. Jericho: rise and collapse
of an Early Bronze Age Palaestinian city, in Reasons for Changes.
Nascita e Declino Delle Società Tra Fine del IV e Inizio del I
Millennio a.c., Scienze Dell’Antichità, R. Peroni and A. Cardarelli
(Editors), Vol. 15, Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”,
Rome, 173–192.
Nur, A., and D. Burgess (2008). Apocalypse Earthquakes, Archaeology,
and the Wrath of God, Princeton University Press, Princeton,
New Jersey.
Reches, Z., and D. F. Hoexter (1981). Holocene seismic and tectonic
activity in the Dead Sea, Tectonophysics 80, 235–254.
Reimer, P. J., M. G. L. Baillie, E. Bard, A. Bayliss, J. W. Beck,
P. G. Blackwell, C. Bronk Ramsey, C. E. Buck, G. S. Burr,
R. L. Edwards, M. Friedrich, P. M. Grootes, T. P. Guilderson,
I. Hajdas, T. J. Heaton, A. G. Hogg, K. A. Hughen, K. F. Kaiser,
B. Kromer, F. G. Mc Cormac, S. W. Manning, R. W. Reimer,
D. A. Richards, J. R. Southon, S. Talamo, C. S. M. Turney,
J. van der Plicht, and C. E. Weyhenmeyer (2009). IntCal09 and
Marine09 radiocarbon age calibration curves, 0–50,000 years cal
BP, Radiocarbon 51, no. 4, 1111–1150.
Roth, I. (1970). The geological map of Israel,Wadi El-Qilt sheet, Geol.
Surv. Isr., scale 1:50,000.
Shamir, G., Y. Eyal, and I. Bruner (2005). Localized versus distributed
shear in transform plate boundary zones: the case of the Dead
Sea Transform in the Jericho valley, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst.
6, no. 5, doi 10.1029/2004GC000751.
Shamir, G. (2006). The active structure of the Dead Sea depression, in
New Frontiers in Dead Sea Paleoenvironmental Research,Y. Enzel, A.
Agnon, and M. Stein (Editors), Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap., Vol. 401,
15–32.
Shapira, A., R. Avni, and A. Nur (1993). A new estimate for the
epicentre of the Jericho earthquake of 11 July 1927, Isr. J. Earth
Sci. 42, 93–96.
Stuiver, M., and P. J. Reimer (1993). Extended C14 data-base and revised
calib 3.0 C14 age calibration program, Radiocarbon 35, 215–230.
33, 1008–1016.
Ambraseys, N. N. (2009). Earthquake in the Mediterranean and in the
Middle East. A Multidisciplinary Study of Seismicity up to 1900,
Cambridge University Press, New York, U.S.A.
Avi-Yonah, M., and E. Stern (Editors) (1978). Encyclopedia of Archeaeological
Excavations in the Holy Land, Vol. I–IV, Oxford University
Press, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
Avni, R., D. Bowman, A. Shapira, and A. Nur (2002). Erroneous interpretation
of historical documents related to the epicenter of the
1927 Jericho earthquake in the Holy Land, J. Seismol. 6, no. 4,
469–476.
Bar-Yosef, O. (1986). The walls of Jericho—An alternative interpretation,
Curr. Anthropol. 27, 157–162.
Begin, Z. B. (1974). The geological map of Israel, Jericho sheet, Geol.
Surv. Isr., scale 1:50,000.
Ben-Menahem, A., M. Vered, and A. Nur (1976). Tectonics, seismicity
and structure of the Afro-Eurasian Junction, Earth Planet. In. 12,
1–50.
Ben-Menahem, A. (1991). Four thousand years of seismicity along the
Dead Sea rift, J. Geophys. Res. 96, 17325–17351.
Braun, Y., E. Kagan, M. Bar-Matthews, A. Ayalon, and A. Agnon (2009).
Dating spleleoseismites near the Dead Sea Transform and the
Carmel fault: Clues to coupling a plate boundary and its branch,
Isr. J. Earth Sci. 58, 257–273.
Enzel, Y., G. Kadan, and Y. Eyal (2000). Holocene earthquakes inferred
from a fan—delta sequence in the Dead Sea graben, Quaternary Res.
53, 34–48.
Garfunkel, Z., I. Zak, and R. Freund (1981). Active faulting in the Dead
Sea rift, Tectonophysics 80, 1–26.
Gardosh, M., Z. Reches, and Z. Garfunkel (1990). Holocene tectonic
deformation along the western margin of the Dead Sea, Tectonophysics
180, 123–137.
Garstang, J., J. P. Droop, and J. Crowfoot (1935). ericho: city and
necropolis (fifth report), Ann. Archaeol. Anthropol. 22, 143–184.
Garstang, J., and J. B. E. Garstang (1948). The Story of Jericho, Hodder
and Stoughton Limited, London.
Guidoboni, E., A. Comastri, and G. Traina (1994). Catalogue of Ancient
Earthquakes in the Mediterranean Area up to the 10th Century, SGA
Editorial Production, Rome.
Hamiel, Y., R. Amit, and Z. B. Begin (2009). The seismicity along the
Dead Sea fault during the last 60,000 years, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am.
99, no. 3, 2020–2026.
Kagan, E. J., A. Agnon, M. Bar-Matthews, and A. Ayalon (2005). Dating
large infrequent earthquakes by damaged cave deposits, Geology 33,
261–264.
Kagan, E., M. Stein, A. Agnon, and F. Neumann (2011). Intrabasin
paleoearthquakes and quiescence correlation of the late Holocene
Dead Sea, J. Geophys. Res. 116, B04311.
Karcz, U., U. Kafri, and Z. Meshel (1977). Archaeological evidence for
subrecent seismic activity along the Dead Sea—Jordan rift, Nature
269, 234–235.
Ken-Tor, R., A. Agnon, Y. Enzel, S. Marco, J. F. W. Negendank, and
M. Stein (2001). High-resolution geological record of historic
earthquakes in the Dead Sea basin, J. Geophys. Res. 106, no. B2,
2221–2234.
Kenyon, K. M. (1957). Digging Up Jericho, Ernest Benn, London,
261–262.
Kenyon, K. M. (1978). The Bible and Recent Archaeology, British
Museum Publications Ltd., London.
Kenyon, K. M. (1981). Excavations at Jericho, III. The Architecture and
Stratigraphy of the Tell, British School of Archaeology, Jerusalem.
Lazar, M., Z. Ben-Avraham, Z. Garfunkel, N. Porat, and S.Marco (2010).
Is the Jericho escarpment a tectonic or a geomorphological
feature? Active faulting and paleoseismic trenching, J. Geol. 118,
261–276.
Marco, S., M. Stein, A. Agnon, and H. Ron (1996). Long term earthquake
clustering: a 50,000 year paleoseismic record in the Dead Sea
graben, J. Geophys. Res. 101, 6179–6192.Marco, S. (2008). Recognition of earthquake-related damage in archaeological
sites: examples from the Dead Sea fault zone, Tectonophysics
453, 148–156.
Migowski, C., A. Agnon, R. Bookman, J. F. W. Negendank, and M. Stein
(2004). Recurrence pattern of Holocene earthquakes along the Dead
Sea transform revealed by varve-counting and radiocarbon dating of
lacustrine sediments, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 222, 301–314.
Nigro, L. and H. Taha (Editors) (2006). Tell es-Sultan/Jericho in the
Context of the Jordan Valley: Site Management, Conservation
and Sustainable Development, Paper presented at the Proceedings
of the International Workshop, Ariha, 7–11 February 2005, by
the Palestinian Department of Antiquities and Cultural Heritage,
Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, UNESCO Office, Ramallah,
Rome “La Sapienza” University (Rome «La Sapienza» Studies on
the Archaeology of Palestine & Transjordan 02), Rome.
Nigro, L. (2009). When the walls tumble down. Jericho: rise and collapse
of an Early Bronze Age Palaestinian city, in Reasons for Changes.
Nascita e Declino Delle Società Tra Fine del IV e Inizio del I
Millennio a.c., Scienze Dell’Antichità, R. Peroni and A. Cardarelli
(Editors), Vol. 15, Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”,
Rome, 173–192.
Nur, A., and D. Burgess (2008). Apocalypse Earthquakes, Archaeology,
and the Wrath of God, Princeton University Press, Princeton,
New Jersey.
Reches, Z., and D. F. Hoexter (1981). Holocene seismic and tectonic
activity in the Dead Sea, Tectonophysics 80, 235–254.
Reimer, P. J., M. G. L. Baillie, E. Bard, A. Bayliss, J. W. Beck,
P. G. Blackwell, C. Bronk Ramsey, C. E. Buck, G. S. Burr,
R. L. Edwards, M. Friedrich, P. M. Grootes, T. P. Guilderson,
I. Hajdas, T. J. Heaton, A. G. Hogg, K. A. Hughen, K. F. Kaiser,
B. Kromer, F. G. Mc Cormac, S. W. Manning, R. W. Reimer,
D. A. Richards, J. R. Southon, S. Talamo, C. S. M. Turney,
J. van der Plicht, and C. E. Weyhenmeyer (2009). IntCal09 and
Marine09 radiocarbon age calibration curves, 0–50,000 years cal
BP, Radiocarbon 51, no. 4, 1111–1150.
Roth, I. (1970). The geological map of Israel,Wadi El-Qilt sheet, Geol.
Surv. Isr., scale 1:50,000.
Shamir, G., Y. Eyal, and I. Bruner (2005). Localized versus distributed
shear in transform plate boundary zones: the case of the Dead
Sea Transform in the Jericho valley, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst.
6, no. 5, doi 10.1029/2004GC000751.
Shamir, G. (2006). The active structure of the Dead Sea depression, in
New Frontiers in Dead Sea Paleoenvironmental Research,Y. Enzel, A.
Agnon, and M. Stein (Editors), Geol. Soc. Am. Spec. Pap., Vol. 401,
15–32.
Shapira, A., R. Avni, and A. Nur (1993). A new estimate for the
epicentre of the Jericho earthquake of 11 July 1927, Isr. J. Earth
Sci. 42, 93–96.
Stuiver, M., and P. J. Reimer (1993). Extended C14 data-base and revised
calib 3.0 C14 age calibration program, Radiocarbon 35, 215–230.
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