Tracking Magma Storage: New Perspectives From 40 Years (1980–2020) of Ground Deformation Source Modeling on Etna Volcano

A key issue on active volcanoes is to investigate the position and characteristics of
the magma reservoirs over time. The aim is to better understand the crustal magma
transfer, therefore also to define the volcanic hazard and plan the mitigation strategies.
Mt. Etna volcano is characterized by a lively eruptive activity with frequent major flank
eruptions that can be both purely effusive and explosive-effusive. This volcano has
been monitored over 40 years by ground deformation measurements. The studies
and modeling of the eruptive processes through these data have mainly concerned
single eruptions and the recharge phases that preceded them. In this study, for the first
time, we present four decades of numerous recharge periods modeled over time by
using the same typology of measurements (geodetic baselines) and the same modeling
method. This uniform approach enables tracking the location of magma storage in
a robust and unambiguous way during its recharging, which causes the volcano to
inflate. In particular, the recharging periods that preceded the main eruptive activities
were investigated. The tracking of the source positions contributes to update the
representation of the shallow-intermediate plumbing system (last 10 km). Moreover,
as a new result, we highlight that the recharges preceding the explosive eruptions are
accompanied by a deepening over time of the centroid of the pressure source. This
result opens up new scenarios on the relationship between the position of the recharging
storage and the subsequent eruptive style.