Multiple resolution seismic attenuation imaging at Mt. Vesuvius
Author(s)
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
Status
Published
JCR Journal
JCR Journal
Peer review journal
Yes
Issue/vol(year)
/173 (2009)
Publisher
Elsevier
Pages (printed)
17–32
Date Issued
2009
Alternative Location
Abstract
A three-dimensional S wave attenuation tomography of Mt. Vesuvius has been obtained with multiple
measurements of coda-normalized S-wave spectra of local small magnitude earthquakes.We used 6609
waveforms, relative to 826 volcano-tectonic earthquakes, located close to the crater axis in a depth range
between 1 and 4 km (below the sea level), recorded at seven 3-component digital seismic stations. We
adopted a two-point ray-tracing; rays were traced in an high resolution 3-D velocity model. The spatial
resolution achieved in the attenuation tomography is comparable with that of the velocity tomography
(we resolve 300m side cubic cells). We statistically tested that the results are almost independent
from the radiation pattern. We also applied an improvement of the ordinary spectral-slope method to
both P- and S-waves, assuming that the differences between the theoretical and the experimental high
frequency spectral-slope are only due to the attenuation effects. Consequently we could check the codanormalization
method also comparing the S attenuation image with the P attenuation image. The images
were obtained inverting the spectral data with a multiple resolution approach. Results have shown the
general coincidence of low attenuation with high velocity zones. The joint interpretation of velocity and
attenuation images allows us to interpret the low attenuation zone intruding toward the surface until a
depth of 500m below the sea level as related to the residual part of solidified magma from the last eruption.
In the depth range between −700 and −2300 images are consistent with the presence of multiple
acquifer layers. No evidence of magma patches greater than the minimum cell dimension (300m) has
been found. A shallow P wave attenuation anomaly (beneath the southern flank of the volcano) is consitent
with the presence of gas saturated rocks. The zone characterized by the maximum seismic energy
release cohincides with a high attenuation and low velocity volume, interpreted as a cracked medium.
measurements of coda-normalized S-wave spectra of local small magnitude earthquakes.We used 6609
waveforms, relative to 826 volcano-tectonic earthquakes, located close to the crater axis in a depth range
between 1 and 4 km (below the sea level), recorded at seven 3-component digital seismic stations. We
adopted a two-point ray-tracing; rays were traced in an high resolution 3-D velocity model. The spatial
resolution achieved in the attenuation tomography is comparable with that of the velocity tomography
(we resolve 300m side cubic cells). We statistically tested that the results are almost independent
from the radiation pattern. We also applied an improvement of the ordinary spectral-slope method to
both P- and S-waves, assuming that the differences between the theoretical and the experimental high
frequency spectral-slope are only due to the attenuation effects. Consequently we could check the codanormalization
method also comparing the S attenuation image with the P attenuation image. The images
were obtained inverting the spectral data with a multiple resolution approach. Results have shown the
general coincidence of low attenuation with high velocity zones. The joint interpretation of velocity and
attenuation images allows us to interpret the low attenuation zone intruding toward the surface until a
depth of 500m below the sea level as related to the residual part of solidified magma from the last eruption.
In the depth range between −700 and −2300 images are consistent with the presence of multiple
acquifer layers. No evidence of magma patches greater than the minimum cell dimension (300m) has
been found. A shallow P wave attenuation anomaly (beneath the southern flank of the volcano) is consitent
with the presence of gas saturated rocks. The zone characterized by the maximum seismic energy
release cohincides with a high attenuation and low velocity volume, interpreted as a cracked medium.
References
Andronico, D., Calderoni, G., Cioni, R., Sbrana, A., Suplizio, R., Santacroce, R., 1995.
Geological map of Somma–Vesuvius Volcano. Per. Mineral. 64, 77–78.
Aki, K., 1980. Attenuation of shear-waves in the lithosphere for frequencies from
0.05 to 25 Hz. Phys. Earth Planet. Int. 21, 50–60.
Auger, E., Gasparini, P., Virieux, J., Zollo, A., 2001. Seismic evidence of an extended
magmatic sill under Mt. Vesuvius. Science 294, 1510–1512.
Bai, C., Greenhalgh, S., 2005. 3D multi-step travel time tomography: imaging the
local, deep velocity structure of Rabaul volcano, Papua New Guinea. Phys. Earth
Planet. Int. 151, 259–275.
Berrino, G., Coppa, U., De Natale, G., Pingue, F., 1993. Recent geophysical investigation
at Somma–Vesuvius volcanic complex. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 58, 239–
262.
Bianco, F., Castellano, M., Milano, G., Ventura, G., Vilardo, G., 1997. The
Somma–Vesuvius stress field induced by regional tectonics: evidences from
seismological and mesostructural data. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 82, 199–
218.
Bianco, F., Castellano, M., Del Pezzo, E., Ibanez, J.M., 1999. Attenuation of short period
seismic waves at Mt. Vesuvius, Italy. Geophys. J. Int. 138, 67–76.
Block, L.V., 1991. Jointhypocenter-velocity inversion of local earthquakes arrival time
data in two geothermal regions. Ph.D. dissertation, M.I.T., Cambridge.
Capuano, P., Gasparini, P., Zollo, A., Virieux, J., Casale, R., Yeroyanni, M., 2003. The
internal structure of Mt. Vesuvius. A seismic tomography investigation. Liguori
Editore, ISBN: 88-207-3503-2.
Chiodini, G., Marini, L., Russo, M., 2001. Geochemical evidence for the existence
of high-temperature hydrothermal brines at Vesuvio volcano, Italy. Geochem.
Cosmochem. Acta 65 (13), 2129–2147.
Chouet, B., 1996. New methods and future trends in seismological volcano monitoring.
In: Scarpa, R., Tilling, R.I. (Eds.), Monitoring and Mitigation of Volcano
Hazards. Springer, Berlin, pp. 23–97.
Chouet, B., 2003. Volcano Seismology. Pageoph 160, 739–788.
Del Pezzo, E., Bianco, F., Saccorotti, G., 2004. Seismic source dynamics at Vesuvius
volcano, Italy. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 133, 23–39.
Del Pezzo, E., Bianco, F., Zaccarelli, L., 2006a. Separation of Qi and Qs from passive
data at Mt. Vesuvius: a reappraisal of seismic attenuation. Phys. Earth Planet.
Int. 159, 202–212.
Del Pezzo, E., Bianco, F., De Siena, L., Zollo, A., 2006b. Small scale shallowattenuation
structure at Mt. Vesuvius, Italy. Phys. Earth Planet. Int. 157, 257–268.
De Natale, G., Capuano, P., Troise, C., Zollo, A., 1998. Seismicity at Somma–Vesuvius
and its implications for the 3D tomography of the volcano. In: Spera, F.J., De
Vivo B., Ayuso R.A., Belkin H.E. (Eds.) J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., Special Issue
Vesuvius. 82, 175–197.
De Natale, G., Troise, C., Pingue, F., Mastrolorenzo, G., Pappalardo, L., 2005. The
Somma–Vesuvius volcano (Southern Italy): Structure, dynamics and hazard
evaluation. Earth Sci. Rev. 74, 73–111.
Eberhart-Phillips, D., 1990. Three-dimensional P and S velocity structure in the
Coalinga region, California. J. Geophys. Res. 95, 15343–15363.
Eberhart-Phillips, D., Reyners, M., Chadwick, M., Chiu, J.M., 2005. Crustal heterogeneity
and subduction processes: 3-D VP , VP / VS and Q in the southern North
Island, New Zealand. Geophys. J. Int. 162, 270–288.
Galluzzo, D., Del Pezzo, E., Maresca, R., La Rocca, M., Castellano, M., 2005. Site effects
estimation and source-scaling dynamics for local earthquakes at Mt. Vesuvius,
Italy. Congress acts, ESG2006, Grenoble. Paper Num. 36.
Giampiccolo, E., Gresta, S., Ganci, G., 2003. Attenuation of body waves in Southeastern
Sicily (Italy). Phys. Earth Planet. Int. 135, 267–279.
Gubbins, D., 2004. Time Series Analysis & Inverse Theory for Geophysicists. Cambridge
University Press.
Gudmundsson, Ó., Finlayson, D.M., Itikarai, I., Nishimura, Y., Johnson, W.R.,
2004. Seismic attenuation at Rabaul volcano, Papua New Guinea. J. Volcanol.
Geotherm. Res. 130, 77–92.
Gusev, A.A., Abubakirov, I.R., 1999. Vertical profile of effective turbidity reconstructed
from broadening of incoherent body-wave pulses. Geophys. J. Int. 136,
309–323.
Hansen, S., Thurber, C.H., Mandernach, M., Haslinger, F., Doran, C., 2004. Seismic
velocity and attenuation structure of the east rift zone and South Flank of Kilauea
Volcano, Hawaii. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 94, 1430–1440.
Ito, H., DeVilbiss, J., Nur, A., 1979. Compressional and shear waves in saturated rock
during water–steam transition. J. Geophys. Res. 84, 4731–4735.
Lomax, A., Zollo, A., Capuano, P., Virieux, J., 2001. Precise absolute earthquake location
under Somma–Vesuvius volcano using a new three-dimensional velocity
model. Geophys. J. Int. 146, 313–331.
Marianelli, P., Métrich, N., Sbrana, A., 1999. Shallow and deep reservoirs involved
in magma supply of the 1944 eruption of Vesuvius. Bull. Volcanol. 61,
48–63.
Mulargia, F., Tinti, S., 1985. Seismic sample areas defined from incomplete catalogues;
an application to the Italian territory. Phys. Earth Planet. Int. 40, 273–
300.
Nava, A.F., Garcìa-Arthur, R., Castro, R.R., Suàrez, C., Màrquez, B., Nù˜nez-
Cornù, F., Saavedra, G., Toscano, R., 1999. S wave attenuation in the
coastal region of Jalisco-Colima, México. Phys. Earth Planet. Int. 115, 247–
257.
Sambridge, M.S., Gudmundsson, O., 1998. Tomographic systems of equation with
irregular cells. J. Geophys. Res. 103, 773–781.
Santacroce, R., 1987. Somma–Vesuvius. CNR, Quaderni di Ricerca Scientifica.
Sato, H., Fehler, M.C., 1998. Seismic Wave Propagation and Scattering in the Heterogenous
Earth. Springer.
Scarpa, R., Tronca, F., Bianco, F., Del Pezzo, E., 2002. High resolution velocity structure
beneath Mount Vesuvius from seismic array. Geophys. Res. Lett. 29 (21),
2040.
Schurr, B., Asch, G., Rietbrock, A., Trumbull, R., Haberland, C., 2003. Complex
patterns of fluid and melt transport in the central Andean subduction
zone revealed by attenuation tomography. Earth. Planet. Sci. Lett. 215,
105–119.
Sengupta, M.K., Rendleman, C.A., 1989. Case study: the importance of gas leakage
in interpreting amplitude-versus-offset (AVO) analysis. Soc. Explor. Geophys.
Abstracts 59, 848–850.
Spencer, J., 1979. Bulk and shear attenuation in Berea sandstone: the effects of pore
fluids. J. Geophys. Res. 84, 7521–7523. Thurber, C.H., 1987. Seismic structure and tectonics of Kilauea volcano Hawaii. In:
Decker, R.W.,Wright, T.L., Stauffer, P.H. (Eds.), Volcanism in Hawaii. US Geological
Survey, pp. 919–934.
Tondi, R., De Franco, R., 2003. Three-dimensional modeling of Mount Vesuvius with
sequential integrated inversion. J. Geophys. Res. 108, 2256.
Um, J., Thurber, C.H., 1987. A fast algorithm for two-point seismic ray tracing. Bull.
Seism. Soc. Am. 77, 972–986.
Wegler, U., 2003. Analysis of multiple scattering at Vesuvius volcano, Italy, using
data of the Tomoves active seismic experiment. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 128,
45–63.
Zollo,A., D’Auria, L.,DeMatteis, R., Herrero,A., Virieux, J., Gasparini, P., 2002. Bayesian
estimation of 2-D P-velocity models from active seismic arrival time data: imaging
of the shallowstructure ofMt, Vesuvius (Southern Italy). Geophys. J. Int. 151,
566–582
Geological map of Somma–Vesuvius Volcano. Per. Mineral. 64, 77–78.
Aki, K., 1980. Attenuation of shear-waves in the lithosphere for frequencies from
0.05 to 25 Hz. Phys. Earth Planet. Int. 21, 50–60.
Auger, E., Gasparini, P., Virieux, J., Zollo, A., 2001. Seismic evidence of an extended
magmatic sill under Mt. Vesuvius. Science 294, 1510–1512.
Bai, C., Greenhalgh, S., 2005. 3D multi-step travel time tomography: imaging the
local, deep velocity structure of Rabaul volcano, Papua New Guinea. Phys. Earth
Planet. Int. 151, 259–275.
Berrino, G., Coppa, U., De Natale, G., Pingue, F., 1993. Recent geophysical investigation
at Somma–Vesuvius volcanic complex. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 58, 239–
262.
Bianco, F., Castellano, M., Milano, G., Ventura, G., Vilardo, G., 1997. The
Somma–Vesuvius stress field induced by regional tectonics: evidences from
seismological and mesostructural data. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 82, 199–
218.
Bianco, F., Castellano, M., Del Pezzo, E., Ibanez, J.M., 1999. Attenuation of short period
seismic waves at Mt. Vesuvius, Italy. Geophys. J. Int. 138, 67–76.
Block, L.V., 1991. Jointhypocenter-velocity inversion of local earthquakes arrival time
data in two geothermal regions. Ph.D. dissertation, M.I.T., Cambridge.
Capuano, P., Gasparini, P., Zollo, A., Virieux, J., Casale, R., Yeroyanni, M., 2003. The
internal structure of Mt. Vesuvius. A seismic tomography investigation. Liguori
Editore, ISBN: 88-207-3503-2.
Chiodini, G., Marini, L., Russo, M., 2001. Geochemical evidence for the existence
of high-temperature hydrothermal brines at Vesuvio volcano, Italy. Geochem.
Cosmochem. Acta 65 (13), 2129–2147.
Chouet, B., 1996. New methods and future trends in seismological volcano monitoring.
In: Scarpa, R., Tilling, R.I. (Eds.), Monitoring and Mitigation of Volcano
Hazards. Springer, Berlin, pp. 23–97.
Chouet, B., 2003. Volcano Seismology. Pageoph 160, 739–788.
Del Pezzo, E., Bianco, F., Saccorotti, G., 2004. Seismic source dynamics at Vesuvius
volcano, Italy. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 133, 23–39.
Del Pezzo, E., Bianco, F., Zaccarelli, L., 2006a. Separation of Qi and Qs from passive
data at Mt. Vesuvius: a reappraisal of seismic attenuation. Phys. Earth Planet.
Int. 159, 202–212.
Del Pezzo, E., Bianco, F., De Siena, L., Zollo, A., 2006b. Small scale shallowattenuation
structure at Mt. Vesuvius, Italy. Phys. Earth Planet. Int. 157, 257–268.
De Natale, G., Capuano, P., Troise, C., Zollo, A., 1998. Seismicity at Somma–Vesuvius
and its implications for the 3D tomography of the volcano. In: Spera, F.J., De
Vivo B., Ayuso R.A., Belkin H.E. (Eds.) J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., Special Issue
Vesuvius. 82, 175–197.
De Natale, G., Troise, C., Pingue, F., Mastrolorenzo, G., Pappalardo, L., 2005. The
Somma–Vesuvius volcano (Southern Italy): Structure, dynamics and hazard
evaluation. Earth Sci. Rev. 74, 73–111.
Eberhart-Phillips, D., 1990. Three-dimensional P and S velocity structure in the
Coalinga region, California. J. Geophys. Res. 95, 15343–15363.
Eberhart-Phillips, D., Reyners, M., Chadwick, M., Chiu, J.M., 2005. Crustal heterogeneity
and subduction processes: 3-D VP , VP / VS and Q in the southern North
Island, New Zealand. Geophys. J. Int. 162, 270–288.
Galluzzo, D., Del Pezzo, E., Maresca, R., La Rocca, M., Castellano, M., 2005. Site effects
estimation and source-scaling dynamics for local earthquakes at Mt. Vesuvius,
Italy. Congress acts, ESG2006, Grenoble. Paper Num. 36.
Giampiccolo, E., Gresta, S., Ganci, G., 2003. Attenuation of body waves in Southeastern
Sicily (Italy). Phys. Earth Planet. Int. 135, 267–279.
Gubbins, D., 2004. Time Series Analysis & Inverse Theory for Geophysicists. Cambridge
University Press.
Gudmundsson, Ó., Finlayson, D.M., Itikarai, I., Nishimura, Y., Johnson, W.R.,
2004. Seismic attenuation at Rabaul volcano, Papua New Guinea. J. Volcanol.
Geotherm. Res. 130, 77–92.
Gusev, A.A., Abubakirov, I.R., 1999. Vertical profile of effective turbidity reconstructed
from broadening of incoherent body-wave pulses. Geophys. J. Int. 136,
309–323.
Hansen, S., Thurber, C.H., Mandernach, M., Haslinger, F., Doran, C., 2004. Seismic
velocity and attenuation structure of the east rift zone and South Flank of Kilauea
Volcano, Hawaii. Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 94, 1430–1440.
Ito, H., DeVilbiss, J., Nur, A., 1979. Compressional and shear waves in saturated rock
during water–steam transition. J. Geophys. Res. 84, 4731–4735.
Lomax, A., Zollo, A., Capuano, P., Virieux, J., 2001. Precise absolute earthquake location
under Somma–Vesuvius volcano using a new three-dimensional velocity
model. Geophys. J. Int. 146, 313–331.
Marianelli, P., Métrich, N., Sbrana, A., 1999. Shallow and deep reservoirs involved
in magma supply of the 1944 eruption of Vesuvius. Bull. Volcanol. 61,
48–63.
Mulargia, F., Tinti, S., 1985. Seismic sample areas defined from incomplete catalogues;
an application to the Italian territory. Phys. Earth Planet. Int. 40, 273–
300.
Nava, A.F., Garcìa-Arthur, R., Castro, R.R., Suàrez, C., Màrquez, B., Nù˜nez-
Cornù, F., Saavedra, G., Toscano, R., 1999. S wave attenuation in the
coastal region of Jalisco-Colima, México. Phys. Earth Planet. Int. 115, 247–
257.
Sambridge, M.S., Gudmundsson, O., 1998. Tomographic systems of equation with
irregular cells. J. Geophys. Res. 103, 773–781.
Santacroce, R., 1987. Somma–Vesuvius. CNR, Quaderni di Ricerca Scientifica.
Sato, H., Fehler, M.C., 1998. Seismic Wave Propagation and Scattering in the Heterogenous
Earth. Springer.
Scarpa, R., Tronca, F., Bianco, F., Del Pezzo, E., 2002. High resolution velocity structure
beneath Mount Vesuvius from seismic array. Geophys. Res. Lett. 29 (21),
2040.
Schurr, B., Asch, G., Rietbrock, A., Trumbull, R., Haberland, C., 2003. Complex
patterns of fluid and melt transport in the central Andean subduction
zone revealed by attenuation tomography. Earth. Planet. Sci. Lett. 215,
105–119.
Sengupta, M.K., Rendleman, C.A., 1989. Case study: the importance of gas leakage
in interpreting amplitude-versus-offset (AVO) analysis. Soc. Explor. Geophys.
Abstracts 59, 848–850.
Spencer, J., 1979. Bulk and shear attenuation in Berea sandstone: the effects of pore
fluids. J. Geophys. Res. 84, 7521–7523. Thurber, C.H., 1987. Seismic structure and tectonics of Kilauea volcano Hawaii. In:
Decker, R.W.,Wright, T.L., Stauffer, P.H. (Eds.), Volcanism in Hawaii. US Geological
Survey, pp. 919–934.
Tondi, R., De Franco, R., 2003. Three-dimensional modeling of Mount Vesuvius with
sequential integrated inversion. J. Geophys. Res. 108, 2256.
Um, J., Thurber, C.H., 1987. A fast algorithm for two-point seismic ray tracing. Bull.
Seism. Soc. Am. 77, 972–986.
Wegler, U., 2003. Analysis of multiple scattering at Vesuvius volcano, Italy, using
data of the Tomoves active seismic experiment. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 128,
45–63.
Zollo,A., D’Auria, L.,DeMatteis, R., Herrero,A., Virieux, J., Gasparini, P., 2002. Bayesian
estimation of 2-D P-velocity models from active seismic arrival time data: imaging
of the shallowstructure ofMt, Vesuvius (Southern Italy). Geophys. J. Int. 151,
566–582
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