The new IMGC-02 transportable absolute gravimeter: measurement apparatus and applications in geophysics and volcanology
Author(s)
Date Issued
February 2008
Issue/vol(year)
1/51 (2008)
Language
English
Pages
39-49
Abstract
The research carried out at the Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (formerly Istituto di Metrologia «G.
Colonnetti») aiming to develop a transportable ballistic absolute gravimeter ended with a new version of the instrument,
called the IMGC-02. It uses laser interferometry to measure the symmetrical free rising and falling
motion of a test mass in the gravity field. Providing the same accuracy achieved with previous versions, the instrumental
improvements mainly concern size, weight, data processing algorithms and operational simplicity.
An uncertainty of 9 μGal (1 μGal=1×10–8 m·s−2) can be achieved within a single observation session, lasting
about 12 h, while the time series of several observation sessions show a reproducibility of 4 μGal. At this level,
gravity measurements provide useful information in Geophysics and Volcanology. A wide set of dynamic
phenomena, i.e. seismicity and volcanic activity, can produce temporal gravity changes, often quite small, with
an amplitude ranging from a few to hundreds of microgals. Therefore the IMGC absolute gravimeter has been
employed since 1986 in surveying the Italian active volcanoes. A brief history of the gravimeter and the description
of the new apparatus, together with the main results of ongoing applications in Geophysics and Volcanology
are presented.
Colonnetti») aiming to develop a transportable ballistic absolute gravimeter ended with a new version of the instrument,
called the IMGC-02. It uses laser interferometry to measure the symmetrical free rising and falling
motion of a test mass in the gravity field. Providing the same accuracy achieved with previous versions, the instrumental
improvements mainly concern size, weight, data processing algorithms and operational simplicity.
An uncertainty of 9 μGal (1 μGal=1×10–8 m·s−2) can be achieved within a single observation session, lasting
about 12 h, while the time series of several observation sessions show a reproducibility of 4 μGal. At this level,
gravity measurements provide useful information in Geophysics and Volcanology. A wide set of dynamic
phenomena, i.e. seismicity and volcanic activity, can produce temporal gravity changes, often quite small, with
an amplitude ranging from a few to hundreds of microgals. Therefore the IMGC absolute gravimeter has been
employed since 1986 in surveying the Italian active volcanoes. A brief history of the gravimeter and the description
of the new apparatus, together with the main results of ongoing applications in Geophysics and Volcanology
are presented.
References
BEHNCKE, B., G. BERRINO, G. CORRADO and R. VELARDITA
(2006): Ground deformation and gravity changes on
the Island of Pantelleria in the geodynamic framework
of the Sicily Channel, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res.,
150, 146-162.
BERRINO, G. (1994): Vesuvius Observatory contribution:
Absolute gravity observations and gradiometry at
Centuripe and Serra la Nave ( Mt. Etna) stations, in
Final Report of Science Plan ‘Volcanic Deformation
and Tidal Gravity Effect at Mt. Etna’, EEC SCIENCE
Project No. ERB40002PL900491-
(90400491), 28-59.
BERRINO, G.(1995): Absolute gravimetry and gradiometry
on active volcanoes of Southern Italy, Boll. Geofis.
Teor. Appl., XXXVII (146), 131-144.
BERRINO, G. (1997): Gravity changes and present-day dynamics
of the Island of Pantelleria (Sicily Channel -
Italy), J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 78, 289-296.
BERRINO, G. (2000): Combined gravimetry in the observation
of volcanic processes in Southern Italy, J. Geodyn.,
30, 371-388.
BERRINO, G. and G. CORRADO (1991): Gravity changes and
volcanic dynamics, Cahier du Centre Europeen de Geodynamique
et de Seismologie, 4, 305-323.
BERRINO, G. and G. CORRADO (2006): 25 years of high precise
gravity measurements on Italian active volcanoes,
in Convegno Nazionale MGMEESV (Metodi Gravimetrico,
Magnetico, Elettrico ed Elettromagnetico in Sismologia
e Vulcanologia) INGV-Sezione di Catania, 27-
29 settembre 2006.
BERRINO, G. and G. CORRADO (2007): 1981-2007 gravity
monitoring of Italian volcanoes. International Symposium
on Terrestrial Gravimetry: Static and Mobile
Measurements (TG-SMM2007), 20-23 August 2007,
Saint Petersburg (Russia)
BERRINO, G., L. CANNIZZO, G. CERUTTI and G. CORRADO
(1988): Nuove misure assolute di gravità nell’Italia
meridionale, in Atti del 7° Convegno Nazionale Gruppo
Nazionale di Geofisica della Terra Solida, CNR,
949-958.
BERRINO, G., U. COPPA, G. DE NATALE and F. PINGUE
(1993): Recent geophysical investigation at Somma-
Vesuvius volcanic complex, J. Volcanol. Geotherm.
Res., 58, 239-262.
BERRINO, G., I. MARSON, L. ORLANDO, L. BALESTRI, R.
BALIA, L. BONCI, E. BOZZO, M.T. CARROZZO, G.
CERUTTI, C. CESI, M. CIMINALE, M. CRESPI, P. DE
MARIA, F. FERRI, M. LODDO, D. LUZIO, E. PINNA and A.
Rossi (1995): Rete gravimetrica Italiana di ordine zero.
Stato di avanzamento, in Atti del 14° Convegno
Nazionale Gruppo Nazionale di Geofisica della Terra
Solida, 453-460.
BERRINO, G., G. CERUTTI, G. CORRADO, P. DEMARIA and U.
RICCARDI (1999): Gravity studies on active italian volcanoes:
a comparison between absolute and relative
gravimetry, Boll. Geofis. Teor. Appl., 40 (3-4), 497-510.
BERRINO, G., F. RIGUZZI, V. D’ERRICO, G. RICCIARDI, B.
TORO, M. DI FILIPPO, M. DI NEZZA, A. GERMAK, G.
D’AGOSTINO and C. ORIGLIA (2007): Dynamics and
Structure of the Colli Albani Volcanic District from
gravity measurements, Ann. Geophysics (submitted).
CERUTTI, G. (1967): Determinazione assoluta dell’accelerazione
di gravità, Relazione Interna R34 (Istituto Dinamometrico
Italiano, CNR).
CERUTTI, G. (1971): Misura assoluta dell’accelerazione di
gravità, Relazione Interna R59 (Istituto di Metrologia
«G. Colonnetti», CNR).
CERUTTI, G., L. CANNIZZO, A. SAKUMA and J. HOSTACE
(1974): A transportable apparatus for absolute gravity
measurement, VDI-Berichte, 212, 49-51.
D’AGOSTINO, G. (2005): Development and Metrological
Characterisation of a New Transportable Absolute
Gravimeter, Ph.D. Thesis (Politecnico di Torino).
D’AGOSTINO, G., S. DESOGUS, A. GERMAK and C. ORIGLIA
(2005a): Measurements of the acceleration due to gravity
in Santangelo Romano, Palestrina and Castel Gandolfo,
IMGC Technical Report 140.
D’AGOSTINO, G., A. GERMAK, S. DESOGUS, C. ORIGLIA and
G. BARBATO (2005b): A Method to Estimate the Time-
Position Coordinates of a Free-Falling Test-Mass in
Absolute Gravimetry, Metrologia, 42 (4), 222-228.
GERMAK, A., A. CAPELLI, G. D’AGOSTINO, S. DESOGUS, C.
ORIGLIA AND D. QUAGLIOTTI (2006a): A transportable
absolute gravity meter adopting the symmetric rise and
falling method, in Proceedings of the XVIII IMEKO
World Congress, Metrology for a Sustainable Development,
September 17-22 2006, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
(on CD-ROM).
GERMAK, A., S. DESOGUS, G. D’AGOSTINO, C. ORIGLIA, D.
QUAGLIOTTI, G. CELLI and O. FRANCIS (2006b): Measurements
of the acceleration due to gravity at the gravity
laboratory of the National Institute of Metrological
Research, Turin, Italy, INRIM Technical Report 33.
GERMAK, A., S. DESOGUS and C. ORIGLIA (2002): Interferometer
for the IMGC rise-and-fall absolute gravimeter,
Metrologia, 39, 471-475.
ISO-GUM (1992): Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty
in Measurement, BIPM, IEC, ISCC, ISO, IUPAC, IUPAP,
OIML.
NIEBAUER, T., G. S. SASAGAWA, J. E. FALLER, R. HILT and F.
KLOPPING (1995): A new generation of absolute
gravimeters, Metrologia, 32, 159-180.
(2006): Ground deformation and gravity changes on
the Island of Pantelleria in the geodynamic framework
of the Sicily Channel, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res.,
150, 146-162.
BERRINO, G. (1994): Vesuvius Observatory contribution:
Absolute gravity observations and gradiometry at
Centuripe and Serra la Nave ( Mt. Etna) stations, in
Final Report of Science Plan ‘Volcanic Deformation
and Tidal Gravity Effect at Mt. Etna’, EEC SCIENCE
Project No. ERB40002PL900491-
(90400491), 28-59.
BERRINO, G.(1995): Absolute gravimetry and gradiometry
on active volcanoes of Southern Italy, Boll. Geofis.
Teor. Appl., XXXVII (146), 131-144.
BERRINO, G. (1997): Gravity changes and present-day dynamics
of the Island of Pantelleria (Sicily Channel -
Italy), J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 78, 289-296.
BERRINO, G. (2000): Combined gravimetry in the observation
of volcanic processes in Southern Italy, J. Geodyn.,
30, 371-388.
BERRINO, G. and G. CORRADO (1991): Gravity changes and
volcanic dynamics, Cahier du Centre Europeen de Geodynamique
et de Seismologie, 4, 305-323.
BERRINO, G. and G. CORRADO (2006): 25 years of high precise
gravity measurements on Italian active volcanoes,
in Convegno Nazionale MGMEESV (Metodi Gravimetrico,
Magnetico, Elettrico ed Elettromagnetico in Sismologia
e Vulcanologia) INGV-Sezione di Catania, 27-
29 settembre 2006.
BERRINO, G. and G. CORRADO (2007): 1981-2007 gravity
monitoring of Italian volcanoes. International Symposium
on Terrestrial Gravimetry: Static and Mobile
Measurements (TG-SMM2007), 20-23 August 2007,
Saint Petersburg (Russia)
BERRINO, G., L. CANNIZZO, G. CERUTTI and G. CORRADO
(1988): Nuove misure assolute di gravità nell’Italia
meridionale, in Atti del 7° Convegno Nazionale Gruppo
Nazionale di Geofisica della Terra Solida, CNR,
949-958.
BERRINO, G., U. COPPA, G. DE NATALE and F. PINGUE
(1993): Recent geophysical investigation at Somma-
Vesuvius volcanic complex, J. Volcanol. Geotherm.
Res., 58, 239-262.
BERRINO, G., I. MARSON, L. ORLANDO, L. BALESTRI, R.
BALIA, L. BONCI, E. BOZZO, M.T. CARROZZO, G.
CERUTTI, C. CESI, M. CIMINALE, M. CRESPI, P. DE
MARIA, F. FERRI, M. LODDO, D. LUZIO, E. PINNA and A.
Rossi (1995): Rete gravimetrica Italiana di ordine zero.
Stato di avanzamento, in Atti del 14° Convegno
Nazionale Gruppo Nazionale di Geofisica della Terra
Solida, 453-460.
BERRINO, G., G. CERUTTI, G. CORRADO, P. DEMARIA and U.
RICCARDI (1999): Gravity studies on active italian volcanoes:
a comparison between absolute and relative
gravimetry, Boll. Geofis. Teor. Appl., 40 (3-4), 497-510.
BERRINO, G., F. RIGUZZI, V. D’ERRICO, G. RICCIARDI, B.
TORO, M. DI FILIPPO, M. DI NEZZA, A. GERMAK, G.
D’AGOSTINO and C. ORIGLIA (2007): Dynamics and
Structure of the Colli Albani Volcanic District from
gravity measurements, Ann. Geophysics (submitted).
CERUTTI, G. (1967): Determinazione assoluta dell’accelerazione
di gravità, Relazione Interna R34 (Istituto Dinamometrico
Italiano, CNR).
CERUTTI, G. (1971): Misura assoluta dell’accelerazione di
gravità, Relazione Interna R59 (Istituto di Metrologia
«G. Colonnetti», CNR).
CERUTTI, G., L. CANNIZZO, A. SAKUMA and J. HOSTACE
(1974): A transportable apparatus for absolute gravity
measurement, VDI-Berichte, 212, 49-51.
D’AGOSTINO, G. (2005): Development and Metrological
Characterisation of a New Transportable Absolute
Gravimeter, Ph.D. Thesis (Politecnico di Torino).
D’AGOSTINO, G., S. DESOGUS, A. GERMAK and C. ORIGLIA
(2005a): Measurements of the acceleration due to gravity
in Santangelo Romano, Palestrina and Castel Gandolfo,
IMGC Technical Report 140.
D’AGOSTINO, G., A. GERMAK, S. DESOGUS, C. ORIGLIA and
G. BARBATO (2005b): A Method to Estimate the Time-
Position Coordinates of a Free-Falling Test-Mass in
Absolute Gravimetry, Metrologia, 42 (4), 222-228.
GERMAK, A., A. CAPELLI, G. D’AGOSTINO, S. DESOGUS, C.
ORIGLIA AND D. QUAGLIOTTI (2006a): A transportable
absolute gravity meter adopting the symmetric rise and
falling method, in Proceedings of the XVIII IMEKO
World Congress, Metrology for a Sustainable Development,
September 17-22 2006, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
(on CD-ROM).
GERMAK, A., S. DESOGUS, G. D’AGOSTINO, C. ORIGLIA, D.
QUAGLIOTTI, G. CELLI and O. FRANCIS (2006b): Measurements
of the acceleration due to gravity at the gravity
laboratory of the National Institute of Metrological
Research, Turin, Italy, INRIM Technical Report 33.
GERMAK, A., S. DESOGUS and C. ORIGLIA (2002): Interferometer
for the IMGC rise-and-fall absolute gravimeter,
Metrologia, 39, 471-475.
ISO-GUM (1992): Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty
in Measurement, BIPM, IEC, ISCC, ISO, IUPAC, IUPAP,
OIML.
NIEBAUER, T., G. S. SASAGAWA, J. E. FALLER, R. HILT and F.
KLOPPING (1995): A new generation of absolute
gravimeters, Metrologia, 32, 159-180.
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