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Meletlidis, Stavros
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Meletlidis, Stavros
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- PublicationRestrictedHydrothermal system of Central Tenerife Volcanic Complex, Canary Islands (Spain), inferred from self-potential measurements.(2014)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Villasante-Marcos, V.; Instituto Geográfico Nacional, Spain ;Finizola, A. ;Abella, R. ;Barde-Cabusson, S. ;Blanco, M. J. ;Brenes, B. ;Cabrera, V. ;Casas, B. ;De Agustín, P. ;Di Gangi, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Domínguez, I. ;García, O. ;Gomis, A. ;Guzmán, I. ;Iribarren, I. ;Levieux, G. ;López, C. ;Luengo, N. ;Martín, I. ;Moreno, M. ;Meletlidis, S. ;Morin, J. ;Moure, D. ;Pereda, J. ;Ricci, T.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Romero, E. ;Schütze, C. ;Suski-Ricci, B. ;Torres, P. ;Trigo, P.; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ; ; ;An extensive self-potential survey was carried out in the central volcanic complex of Tenerife Island (Canary Islands, Spain). A total amount of ~237 kmof profileswith 20 mspacing betweenmeasurementswas completed, including radial profiles extending from the summits of Teide and Pico Viejo, and circular profiles inside and around Las Cañadas caldera and the northern slopes of Teide and Pico Viejo. One of themain results of this mapping is the detection ofwell-developed hydrothermal systemswithin the edifices of Teide and Pico Viejo, and also associated with the flank satellite M. Blanca and M. Rajada volcanoes. A strong structural control of the surface manifestation of these hydrothermal systems is deduced from the data, pointing to the subdivision of Teide and Pico Viejo hydrothermal systems in three zones: summit crater, upper and lower hydrothermal systems. Self-potential maxima related to hydrothermal activity are absent from the proximal parts of the NE and NW rift zones as well as from at least two of the mafic historical eruptions (Chinyero and Siete Fuentes), indicating that long-lived hydrothermal systems have developed exclusively over relatively shallow felsic magma reservoirs. Towards Las Cañadas caldera floor and walls, the influence of the central hydrothermal systems disappears and the self-potential signal is controlled by the topography, the distance to thewater table of Las Cañadas aquifer and its geometry. Nevertheless, fossil or remanent hydrothermal activity at some points along the Caldera wall, especially around the Roques de García area, is also suggested by the data. Self-potential data indicate the existence of independent groundwater systems in the three calderas of Ucanca, Guajara and Diego Hernández, with a funnel shaped negative anomaly in the Diego Hernández caldera floor related to the subsurface topography of the caldera bottom. Two other important self-potential features are detected: positive values towards the northwestern Santiago rift, possibly due to the relatively high altitude of the water-table in this area; and a linear set ofminima to thewest of Pico Viejo, aligned with the northwestern rift and related to meteoricwater infiltration along its fracture system.378 75 - PublicationRestrictedThe forgotten eruption: The basaltic scoria cone of Montaña Grande, Tenerife(2020)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; We report on the Strombolian to Violent Strombolian eruption of Montaña Grande which occurred between 789 and 725 BCE in the Güimar Valley on the NE flank of Tenerife island. The eruption produced a ca. 180 m-high sco- ria cone, a thick fallout deposit mostly dispersed southwest and a vast lava flow field that extends east of the cone, towards the coast, for 3.3 × 2.2 km. The eruption occurred in an unusual geodynamic context, outside the North West Rift and North East Rift zones and out of Las Cañadas caldera which are the main geological structures of Tenerife, where the volcanic activity concentrated during the Holocene. The tephra and lava have a trachybasalt composition similar to products of the recent activity of Tenerife but characterized by a distinct trace element pattern (Ta depletion relative to Nb), that points to a distinct source for the magma feeding the eruption and an ascent history along the whole crust which is independent and different from the central feeding system of the Teide-Pico Viejo volcanic complex. The study of this eruption, which until now had been completely neglected, adds new significant data for the correct definition of volcanic risk in Tenerife.1064 5 - PublicationRestrictedXenopumices from the 2011–2012 submarine eruption of El Hierro (Canary Islands, Spain): Constraints on the plumbing system and magma ascent(2012-09-11)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Meletlidis, S.; Centro Geofísico de Canarias, Instituto Geográfico Nacional, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain ;Di Roberto, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Pisa, Pisa, Italia ;Pompilio, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Pisa, Pisa, Italia ;Bertagnini, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Pisa, Pisa, Italia ;Iribarren, I.; Centro Geofísico de Canarias, Instituto Geográfico Nacional, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain ;Felpeto, A.; Centro Geofísico de Canarias, Instituto Geográfico Nacional, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain ;Torres, P. A.; Centro Geofísico de Canarias, Instituto Geográfico Nacional, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain ;D'Oriano, C.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Pisa, Pisa, Italia; ; ; ; ; ; ; Textures, petrography and geochemical compositions of products emitted during the onset of the 2011–2012 submarine eruption (15 October, 2011) off the coast of El Hierro have been investigated to get information on interaction mechanism between the first rising magma and the crust during the onset of the eruption as well as to get information on magma storage and plumbing systems beneath El Hierro volcano. Studied products consist of 5–50 cm bombs with an outer black to greenish, vesicular crust with bulk basanite composition containing pumiceous xenoliths (xenopumices). Our results show that xenopumices are much more heterogeneous that previously observed, since consist of a macro-scale mingling of a gray trachyte and white rhyolite. We interpreted xenopumices as resulting from the interaction (heating) between the basanitic magma feeding the eruption, a stagnant trachytic magma pocket/s and an associated hydrothermally altered halo with rhyolitic composition. Our findings confirm the importance of the study of the early products of an eruption since they can contain crucial information on the plumbing system geometry and the mechanism of magma ascent.719 23 - PublicationOpen AccessReconstruction of the subaerial Holocene volcanic activity through paleomagnetic and 14C dating methods: El Hierro (Canary Islands)(2022-03-11)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Volcanic hazard assessment relies on the accurate knowledge of the eruptive style and recurrence of volcanic eruptions in the past. At El Hierro (Canary Islands) historical and prehistorical records are still poorly defined, and although the island was the location of one of the most recent eruptions (La Restinga, 2011 CE) of the Canarian archipelago, the recent subaerial volcanism is still poorly studied. Information about the age of Holocene volcanic activity as well as the stratigraphy of the deposits is scarce: few eruptions are dated so far, whereas the others are classified as pre-or Holocene events considering lava flow characteristics along the coast. Here, we report on the dating of eleven (M˜na Chamuscada, M˜na del Tesoro, Orchilla, Las Calcosas, M˜na Negra, Lomo Negro, Below Lomo Negro, Cuchillo del Roque, Malpaso Member, and M˜na del Guanche) Holocene subaerial eruptions, distributed along the three rift zones, combining paleomagnetic and 14C methods. We also provide geochemical analyses for nine of them. Results indicate that M˜na Chamuscada and M˜na del Tesoro occurred more recently than previously considered, setting them within the last two thousand years. Conversely, paleomagnetic and 14C ages found for Lomo Negro eruption are consistent with literature data (Villasante- Marcos and Pav´on-Carrasco, 2014) and constrain the occurrence of this event in the XVI century CE. Finally, for Malpaso Member deposits, the two 14C datings obtained by charcoals found below and above the trachytic layer set the eruption during the Holocene epoch, between ~7300 BCE and ~4700 BCE. For the other eruptions, in two cases (Orchilla and Las Calcosas) many possible time windows during the last 14 ka have been found, whereas a few possible ages have been obtained for the others. On the whole, the resulting chronological reconstruction of the recent activity of El Hierro indicates that eruptions occurred unevenly along the three main rifts, with nine eruptions in the WNW rift, six in the NE rift, and four in the SSE rift. We document at least two periods characterized by high eruptive frequency: an old one, between 8000 BCE and 1000 BCE, with eight eruptions, three of which characterized by more evolved compositions (phonotephrite and trachyte), and a recent one, between 1000 BCE and present day, with at least seven eruptions, mainly showing basanite compositions. The new data yield a significant improvement of Holocene eruption chronology, thus are instrumental for a correct evaluation of the volcanic hazard at El Hierro.568 10 - PublicationRestrictedRefining the Holocene eruptive activity at Tenerife (Canary Islands): The contribution of palaeomagnetism(2020)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; The timing of the Holocene volcanic activity of Tenerife (Canary Islands) is poorly constrained and the volcano- logical framework for this area is still incomplete. Most of the eruptions are dated only by a single 14C dating, or the ages are simply stratigraphically determined. We apply palaeomagnetism, increasingly used in the last years to date Holocene volcanism, to improve the knowledge of Tenerife volcanic history. We report on the palaeomagnetic dating, using the SHA.DIF.14K global model, of nine Holocene eruptions that produced scoria cones and major lava flows, and we compare our results with those previously obtained by 14C method. Four of the studied eruptions were previously dated by 14C, four were stratigraphically constrained, and one was never dated so far. Concerning the first group, for Boca Cangrejo and Mña Reventada eruptions, palaeomagnetic and 14C ages agree, while for the others we obtained older or younger ages than radiocarbon data. For the second group, one or more age ranges smaller than stratigraphic intervals were found. Finally, we provided the first dat- ing (790–723 BCE) of the Mña Grande eruption. We confirm that palaeomagnetism can be considered an excel- lent complement to the radiocarbon method, because it is applicable on volcanics with nearly all compositions and provides higher resolution dating, at least where reliable geomagnetic reference curves are available. The im- proved framework of the Holocene volcanic activity of Tenerife shows alternating periods characterized by low and high eruptive frequencies, with the last 3 kyr characterized by high eruptive frequency and dominated by ba- saltic eruptions.1032 2 - PublicationRestrictedThe 1909 Chinyero eruption on Tenerife (Canary Islands): insights from historical accounts, and tephrostratigraphic and geochemical data(2016)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;The last eruption on Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain) started on 18 November 1909 from the El Chinyero vent on the northwestern Santiago rift. This fissural eruption was well documented by scientists and eyewitnesses, but there is a lack of data on the high-energy phase that produced the most significant emissions of ash and lapilli at the onset of the eruption. Here, we review historical documents (e.g. newspapers, dispatches, telegrams); eyewitness accounts and scientific reports were reviewed from a volcanological perspective and integrated with data from the analysis of deposit features, allowing an accurate reconstruction of the eruption and its dynamics. The 1909 eruption of Chinyero was fed by a compositionally discrete magma batch that ascended rapidly within the crust, producing rather violent pulsating Strombolian explosive activity in the early phases of the eruption. This activity produced a ca. 80 m high scoria cone and heavy fallout of lapilli and ash over the entire northern sector of the island of Tenerife. The energy of explosive activity waned after 3 days, giving way to the weak Strombolian explosive activity that contributed to a lesser extent to the buildup of the pyroclastic pile. Eruptions such as those from the Chinyero vent in 1909 are representative of rift activity on Tenerife and constitute a volcanic hazard for present-day inhabitants.437 4