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Lacava, Teodosio
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Lacava, Teodosio
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- PublicationOpen AccessCorrection: Marchese et al. Mt. Etna Paroxysms of February–April 2021 Monitored and Quantified through a Multi-Platform Satellite Observing System. Remote Sens. 2021, 13, 3074(2022-06-08)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; In the original article [1], there were some mistakes in Figures 4 and 8, and Sections ‘Abstract’, ‘Discussion’, and ‘Conclusions’. The correct contents appears below. The authors apologize for any inconvenience caused and state that the scientific conclusions are unaffected. The original article has been updated.200 11 - PublicationOpen AccessThe Contribution of Multi-Sensor Infrared Satellite Observations to Monitor Mt. Etna (Italy) Activity during May to August 2016(2018-12-04)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; In May 2016, three powerful paroxysmal events, mild Strombolian activity, and lava emissions took place at the summit crater area of Mt. Etna (Sicily, Italy). During, and immediately after the eruption, part of the North-East crater (NEC) collapsed, while extensive subsidence affected the Voragine crater (VOR). Since the end of the May eruptions, a diffuse fumarolic activity occurred from a fracture system that cuts the entire summit area. Starting from 7 August, a small vent (of ~20–30min diameter) opened up within the VOR crater, emitting high-temperature gases and producing volcanic glow which was visible at night. We investigated those volcanic phenomena from space, exploiting the information provided by the satellite-based system developed at the Institute of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis (IMAA), which monitors Italian volcanoes in near-real time by means of the RSTVOLC (Robust Satellite Techniques–volcanoes) algorithm. Results, achieved integrating Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) observations, showed that, despite some issues (e.g., in some cases, clouds masking the underlying hot surfaces), RSTVOLC provided additional information regarding Mt. Etna activity. In particular, results indicated that the Strombolian eruption of 21 May lasted longer than reported by field observations or that a short-lived event occurred in the late afternoon of the same day. Moreover, the outcomes of this study showed that the intensity of fumarolic emissions changed before 7 August, as a possible preparatory phase of the hot degassing activity occurring at VOR. In particular, the radiant flux retrieved from MODIS data decreased from 30 MW on 4 July to an average value of about 7.5 MW in the following weeks, increasing up to 18 MW a few days before the opening of a new degassing vent. These outcomes, in accordance with information provided by Sentinel-2 MSI (Multispectral Instrument) and Landsat 8-OLI (Operational Land Imager) data, confirm that satellite observations may also contribute greatly to the monitoring of active volcanoes in areas where efficient traditional surveillance systems exist.724 70 - PublicationOpen AccessRobust satellite techniques for volcanicand seismic hazards monitoring(2004)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Di Bello, G.; Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Fisica dell Ambiente, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy ;Filizzola, C.; Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Fisica dell Ambiente, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy ;Lacava, T.; Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Fisica dell Ambiente, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy ;Marchese, F.; Dipartimento di Scienze Geologiche, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy ;Pergola, N.; Istituto di Metodologie per l Analisi Ambientale (IMAA),CNR, Tito Scalo (PZ), Italy ;Pietrapertosa, C.; Istituto di Metodologie per l Analisi Ambientale (IMAA),CNR, Tito Scalo (PZ), Italy ;Piscitelli, S.; Istituto di Metodologie per l Analisi Ambientale (IMAA),CNR, Tito Scalo (PZ), Italy ;Scaffidi, I.; Istituto di Metodologie per l Analisi Ambientale (IMAA),CNR, Tito Scalo (PZ), Italy ;Tramutoli, V.; Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Fisica dell Ambiente, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Several satellite techniques have been proposed to monitor events related to seismic and volcanic activity. A selfadaptive approach (RAT, Robust AVHRR Techniques) has recently been proposed which seems able to recognise space-time anomalies, differently related to such events, also in the presence of highly variable contributions from atmospheric (transmittance), surface (emissivity and morphology) and observational (time/season, but also solar and satellite zenithal angles) conditions. On the basis of NOAA-AVHRR data, the RAT aprroach has already been applied to Mount Etna volcanic ash cloud monitoring in daytime, and to seismic area monitoring in Southern Italy. This paper presents the theoretical basis for the extension of RAT approach also to nighttime volcanic ash cloud detection, together with its possible implementation to lava flow monitoring. One example of successful forecasting (few days before) of a new lava vent opening during the Mount Etna eruption of July 2001 will be discussed in some detail. Progress on the use of the same approach on seismically active area monitoring will be discussed by comparison with previous results achieved on the Irpinia-Basilicata earthquake (MS = 6.9), which occurred on November 23rd 1980 in Southern Italy.220 409 - PublicationOpen AccessRobust satellite techniques for monitoring volcanic eruptions(2001-04)
; ; ; ; ;Pergola, N.; Istituto di Metodologie Avanzate di Analisi Ambientale, CNR, Tito Scalo (PZ), Italy ;Pietrapertosa, C.; Istituto di Metodologie Avanzate di Analisi Ambientale, CNR, Tito Scalo (PZ), Italy ;Lacava, T.; Università della Basilicata, DIFA, Potenza, Italy ;Tramutoli, V.; Università della Basilicata, DIFA, Potenza, Italy; ; ; Through this paper the robust approach to monitoring volcanic aerosols by satellite is applied to an extended set of events affecting Stromboli and Etna volcanoes to assess its performance in automated detection of eruptive clouds and in monitoring pre-eruptive emission activities. Using only NOAA/AVHRR data at hand (without any specific atmospheric model or ancillary ground-based measurements) the proposed method automatically discriminates meteorological from eruptive volcanic clouds and, in several cases, identified pre-eruptive anomalies in the emission rates not identified by traditional methods. The main merit of this approach is its effectiveness in recognising field anomalies also in the presence of a highly variable surface background as well as its intrinsic exportability not only on different geographic areas but also on different satellite instrumental packages. In particular, the possibility to extend the proposed method to the incoming new MSG/SEVIRI satellite package (which is going to fly next year) with its improved spectral (specific bands for SO 2 ) and temporal (up to 15 min) resolutions has been evaluated representing the natural continuation of this work.191 265 - PublicationRestrictedTwo geologic systems providing terrestrial analogues for the exploration of sulfate deposits on Mars: Initial spectral characterization(2009)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ;We present the Messinian evaporite suite (Mediterranean region) and the Solfatara hydrothermal system (Phlegraean Fields volcanic province, Italy), discuss their implications for understanding the origin of sulfates on Mars and show preliminary sets of VNIR laboratory and in situ reflectance spectra of rocks from these geologic systems. The choice was based on a number of evidence relative to Mars: (1) the chemistry of the Martian sulfates, suggesting fluid interactions with possibly alkali-basaltic rocks and/or regolith; (2) close range evidence of sulfates within sedimentary formations on Mars; (3) sulfate spectral signatures associated to large-scale layered patterns interpreted as thick depositional systems on Mars. The Messinian evaporites comprise three units: primary shallow-water sulfates (primary lower gypsum: PLG), shallow- to deep-water mixed sulfates and clastic terrigenous deposits (resedimented lower gypsum: RLG), and shallow-water associations of primary sulfates and clastic fluvio-deltaic deposits (upper evaporites: UE). The onset of the Messinian evaporites records the transition to negative hydrologic budget conditions associated with the Messinian Salinity Crisis, which affected the entire Mediterranean basin and lasted about 640 kyr. The Solfatara is a still evolving hydrothermal system that provides epithermal deposits precipitated from the interaction of fluids and trachybasaltic to phonolitic rocks. Thermal waters include alkali-chloride, alkali-carbonate and alkalisulfate endmembers. The wide spectrum of sedimentary gypsum facies within the Messinian formation includes some of the depositional environments hitherto identified on Mars and others not found on Mars. The PLG unit includes facies associations correlated over long distances, that could be a possible analog of the stratified rock units exposed from Arabia Terra at least as far as Valles Marineris. The facies cycles within the UE unit can be compared to the sequences of strata observed in craters such as Holden and Eberswalden. The UE unit records paleoenvironmental changes which are ultimately controlled by terrestrial climatic variations. They can be considered as a reliable climatic proxy and may be useful for the reconstruction of climatic events on Mars. The intermediate Messinian RLG unit has not, at present, a well-defined depositional counterpart on Mars, although there are some similarities with the northern lowlands and Vastitas Borealis Formation. The dramatic variation of hydrologic budget conditions at the onset of the Messinian evaporites may provide criteria for the interpretation of similar variations on Mars. The volcanic rocks at the Solfatara bear some similarities with the ‘‘alkaline magmatic province’’ observed at the Gusev crater on Mars, and the assemblages of hydrothermal phases resulting from the Solfatara’s parent rocks could be analogues for processes involving Gusev-type rocks. The Messinian sulfates have a prevalent Ca-sulfatic composition and wide textural variability. Preliminary laboratory reflectance spectra of rock samples in the VNIR region reveal the signature of sulfates and mixtures of several Fe-bearing phases. At the Solfatara, in situ reflectance measurements of epithermal minerals close to active fumaroles showed the presence of Fe-bearing sulfates,hematite, Al- and K-sulfates and abundant amorphous fraction. XRD analysis supported this interpretation. The range of depositional facies observed in the Messinian units and the variety of minerals detected in the Solfatara will be useful for the interpretation of close range data of Mars. The spectral characterization at various scales of the Messinian sedimentary facies and the Solfatara hydrothermal minerals will both help in the exploration of Mars from orbit and with close range inspection381 1 - PublicationOpen AccessMt. Etna Paroxysms of February–April 2021 Monitored and Quantified through a Multi-Platform Satellite Observing System(2021)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;On 16 February 2021, an eruptive paroxysm took place at Mt. Etna (Sicily, Italy), after continuous Strombolian activity recorded at summit craters, which intensified in December 2020. This was the first of 17 short, but violent, eruptive events occurring during February–April 2021, mostly at a time interval of about 2–3 days between each other. The paroxysms produced lava fountains (up to 1000 m high), huge tephra columns (up to 10–11 km above sea level), lava and pyroclastic flows, expanding 2–4 km towards East and South. The last event, which was characterised by about 3 days of almost continuous eruptive activity (30 March–1 April), generated the most lasting lava fountain (8–9 h). During some paroxysms, volcanic ash led to the temporary closure of the Vincenzo Bellini Catania International Airport. Heavy ash falls then affected the areas surrounding the volcano, in some cases reaching zones located hundreds of kilometres away from the eruptive vent. In this study, we investigate the Mt. Etna paroxysms mentioned above through a multi-platform satellite system. Results retrieved from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI), starting from outputs of the Robust Satellite Techniques for Volcanoes (RSTVOLC), indicate that the 17th paroxysm (31 March–1 April) was the most powerful, with values of radiative power estimated around 14 GW. Moreover, by the analysis of SEVIRI data, we found that the 5th and 17th paroxysms were the most energetic. The Multispectral Instrument (MSI) and the Operational Land Imager (OLI), providing shortwave infrared (SWIR) data at 20/30 m spatial resolution, enabled an accurate localisation of active vents and the mapping of the areas inundated by lava flows. In addition, according to the Normalized Hotspot Indices (NHI) tool, the 1st and 3rd paroxysm (18 and 28 February) generated the largest thermal anomaly at Mt. Etna after June 2013, when Landsat-8 OLI data became available. Despite the impact of clouds/plumes, pixel saturation, and other factors (e.g., satellite viewing geometry) on thermal anomaly identification, the used multi-sensor approach allowed us to retrieve quantitative information about the 17 paroxysms occurring at Mt. Etna. This approach could support scientists in better interpreting changes in thermal activity, which could lead to future and more dangerous eruptions.399 48