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Padilla, Germán
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Padilla, Germán
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- PublicationOpen AccessTemporal variability of explosive activity at Tajogaite volcano, Cumbre Vieja (Canary Islands), 2021 eruption from ground-based infrared photography and videography(2023-09-12)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;The 2021 eruption at Tajogaite (Cumbre Vieja) volcano (La Palma, Spain) was characterized by Strombolian eruptions, Hawaiian fountaining, white gasdominated and grey ash-rich plumes, and lava effusion from multiple vents. The variety of eruptive styles displayed simultaneously and throughout the eruption presents an opportunity to explore controls on explosivity and the relationship between explosive and effusive activity. Explosive eruption dynamics were recorded using ground-based thermal photography and videography. We show results from the analysis of short (<5 min) near-daily thermal videos taken throughout the eruption from multiple ground-based locations and continuous time-lapse thermal photos over the period November 16 to November 26. We measure the apparent radius, velocity, and volume flux of the high-temperature gas-and-ash jet and lava fountaining behaviors to investigate the evolution of the explosive activity over multiple time scales (seconds-minutes, hours, and daysweeks). We find fluctuations in volume flux of explosive material that correlate with changes in volcanic tremor and hours-long increases in explosive flux that are immediately preceded by increases in lava effusion rate. Correlated behavior at multiple vents suggests dynamic magma ascent pathways connected in the shallow (tens to hundreds of meters) sub-surface. We interpret the changes in explosivity and the relative amounts of effusive and explosivity to be the result of changes in gas flux and the degree of gas coupling.175 39 - PublicationRestrictedMagma emission rates fromshallow submarine eruptions using airborne thermal imaging(2014-09)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Hernández, P. A. ;Calvari, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Ramos, A. ;Pérez, N. M. ;Márquez, A. ;Quevedo, R. ;Barrancos, J. ;Padrón, E. ;Padilla, G. D. ;López, D. ;Rodríguez Santana, A. ;Melián, G. V. ;Dionis, S. ;Rodríguez, F. ;Calvo, D. ;Spampinato, L.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;The effusion rate is the most important parameter to gatherwhen a volcanic eruption occurs, because it controls the way inwhich a lava body grows, extends and expands, influencing its dimensional properties. Calculation of lava flow volume from thermal images collected by helicopter surveys has been largely used during the last decade for monitoring subaerial effusive eruptions. However, due to the depths where volcanic activity occurs, monitoring submarine volcanic eruptions is a very difficult task. The 2011–2012 submarine volcanic eruption at El Hierro, Canary Islands, has provided a unique and excellent opportunity to monitor eruptive processes occurring on the seabed. The use of a hand-held thermal camera during daily helicopter flights allowed us to estimate for the first time the daily and total erupted magma volumes from a submarine eruption. The volume of magma emitted during this eruption has been estimated at 300 Mm3, giving an average effusion rate of ~25 m3 s−1. Thermal imagery by helicopter proved to be a fast, inexpensive, safe and reliable technique of monitoring volcanic eruptions when they occur on the shallow seabed.428 47 - PublicationOpen AccessAn Increasing Trend of the Diffuse CO2 Emission from Teide Volcano (Tenerife, Canary Islands): A Premonitory Geochemical Signature of Volcanic Activity Changes at Tenerife?(2010-05-31)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Pérez, N.M.; Environmental Research Division, ITER, Tenerife/Spain ;Hernandez, P.A.; Environmental Research Division, ITER, Tenerife/Spain ;Melian, G.; Environmental Research Division, ITER, Tenerife/Spain ;Padron, E.; Environmental Research Division, ITER, Tenerife/Spain ;Nolasco, D.; Environmental Research Division, ITER, Tenerife/Spain ;Barrancos, J.; Environmental Research Division, ITER, Tenerife/Spain ;Marrero, R.; Environmental Research Division, ITER, Tenerife/Spain ;Padilla, G.; Environmental Research Division, ITER, Tenerife/Spain ;Calvo, D; Environmental Research Division, ITER, Tenerife/Spain ;Rodriguez, F.; Environmental Research Division, ITER, Tenerife/Spain ;Chiodini, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;; We report the results of 11 soil CO2 efflux surveys at the summit cone of Teide volcano (SCT), Tenerife. The surveys were undertaken from 1997 to 2009 to determine the scale of total CO2 emissions at the SCT and to evaluate the temporal variations of CO2 efflux and their relationships with the volcanic-seismic activity. Our results reveal significant fluctuations, which do not seem to be masked by external variations, standing out from the rest the ones measured in 2001, and the increasing trend observed from 2007 to 2009, both having similar shapes, intensities, and emission rates. The significant pulse observed in total CO2 emission in 2001 provided the first geochemical observation supporting unrest of the volcanic system, as it was addressed later by anomalous seismic activity recorded in Tenerife Island during April 22-29, 2004 (IGN). The new increasing trend observed from 2007, might be precursor of new anomalous volcanic-seismic activity in the next future, suggesting that subsurface magma movement is the cause for the observed changes in the total output of diffuse CO2 emission at SCT.161 100 - PublicationOpen AccessSatellite and Ground Remote Sensing Techniques to Trace the Hidden Growth of a Lava Flow Field: The 2014-15 Effusive Eruption at Fogo Volcano (Cape Verde)(2018-07-12)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Fogo volcano erupted in 2014–2015 producing an extensive lava flow field in the summit caldera that destroyed two villages, Portela and Bangaeira. The eruption started with powerful explosive activity, lava fountains, and a substantial ash column accompanying the opening of an eruptive fissure. Lava flows spreading from the base of the eruptive fissure produced three arterial lava flows. By a week after the start of the eruption, a master lava tube had already developed within the eruptive fissure and along the arterial flow. In this paper, we analyze the emplacement processes based on observations carried out directly on the lava flow field, remote sensing measurements carried out with a thermal camera, SO2 fluxes, and satellite images, to unravel the key factors leading to the development of lava tubes. These were responsible for the rapid expansion of lava for the ~7.9 km length of the flow field, as well as the destruction of the Portela and Bangaeira villages. The key factors leading to the development of tubes were the low topography and the steady magma supply rate along the arterial lava flow. Comparing time-averaged discharge rates (TADR) obtained from satellite and Supply Rate (SR) derived from SO2 flux data, we estimate the amount and timing of the lava flow field endogenous growth, with the aim of developing a tool that could be used for hazard assessment and risk mitigation at this and other volcanoes.278 94