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Artale, Vincenzo
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Artale, Vincenzo
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- PublicationOpen AccessMulti-Approach Analysis of Baroclinic Internal Tide Perturbation in the Ionian Sea Abyssal Layer (Mediterranean Sea)(2023-09-28)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Despite being widely recognized, the importance of deep layers thermohaline and mixing processes in the ocean circulation and variability is still poorly investigated, especially in the Mediterranean Sea. This limits understanding and parametrizing deep dynamics, which result in evident biases in the global circulation representation by observations and numerical ocean simulations. Having access to hydrological datasets, collected on a whole water column, we investigated the abyssal stratification and its variability of the Ionian Sea (Central Mediterranean). Applying multiple analyses, we found a tidal-period oscillation and the resulting activation of mixing, pointing out that the combined effect of stratification, morphology, and tides has a key role in enhancing local diapycnal diffusivity in the deepest layers, being a mechanism that connects the whole water column with a compelling impact on the vertical transport of heat and tracers.104 5 - PublicationRestrictedRobust assessment of the expansion and retreat of Mediterranean climate in the 21st century(2014-12-02)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Alessandri, A.; ENEA, Rome, Italy ;De Felice, M.; ENEA, Rome, Italy ;Zeng, N.; University of Maryland, College Park, MD, US ;Mariotti, A.; NOAA, Silver Spring, MD, US ;Yutong, P.; University of Maryland, College Park, MD, US ;Cherchi, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia ;Lee, J.-Y.; Pusan National University, Busan, South Korea ;Wang, B.; 2International Pacific Research Center, Honolulu, HI, USA ;Ha, K.-J.; Pusan National University, Busa ;Ruti, P.; ENEA, Rome, Italy ;Artale, V.; ENEA, Rome, Italy; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; The warm-temperate regions of the globe characterized by dry summers and wet winters (Mediterranean climate; MED) are especially vulnerable to climate change. The potential impact on water resources,ecosystems and human livelihood requires a detailed picture of the future changes in this unique climate zone. Here we apply a probabilistic approach to quantitatively address how and why the geographic distribution of MED will change based on the latest-available climate projections for the 21st century. Our analysis provides, for the first time, a robust assessment of significant northward and eastward future expansions of MED over both the Euro-Mediterranean and western North America. Concurrently, we show a significant 21st century replacement of the equatorward MED margins by the arid climate type.Moreover, future winters will become wetter and summers drier in both the old and newly established MED zones. Should these projections be realized, living conditions in some of the most densely populated regions in the world will be seriously jeopardized.132 20 - PublicationOpen AccessEditorial: Impact of Deep Oceanic Processes on Circulation and Climate Variability: Examples From the Mediterranean Sea and the Global OceanThe ocean is a crucial component of the Earth’s climate system. Heat and CO2 are absorbed in the ocean’s surface and transported throughout the ocean depths through the overturning circulation. Exchange across the ocean’s turbulent surface boundary layer can happen rapidly, in hours or days, and significant exchange of water between the boundary layer and the stratified main thermocline occurs over timescales of years to decades. Deepwater takes many decades to millennia to return to the surface, acting as long-term storage for heat and CO2 and thereby lessening the near-term impacts of climate change. The understanding of mechanisms and rates that control the bottom flows is essential to quantify re-transfer towards the upper layers of the energy stored at the seafloor. These processes are significantly affecting the ocean system as a whole and could contribute to accelerating the rising climate trends (thermohaline circulation, sea-level rise, and ocean acidification). The Mediterranean Sea, like the ocean, has its overturning circulation and it represents a suitable lab for investigating physical mechanisms such as deepwater formation, mixing processes, strait dynamics, advective-convective feedbacks that drive the ocean variability, and the internal exchange mechanisms. Also, the scale of variability is shorter compared to other ocean basins in time and space. As mechanisms governing exchanges of heat and carbon in the ocean occur with long timescales, observational datasets over many decades are required to document, understand, and predict the climate system as a whole. This is also an essential requirement to detect and attribute changes driven by human activities and to predict how the climate system will likely behave in the future. The needs for and uses of deep ocean data extend well beyond closing the global heat budget. Deep ocean data are needed to initialize and constrain ocean models and improve their representation of mixing of heat downwards/upwards within the deep ocean. In order to understand past and future climate changes, the characterization of the still unexplored deep dynamics aims to provide crucial results to support new interpretations of the paleo circulation and of those processes that have influenced ventilation and water masses overturning. These new insights will also be essential for leading, in the near future, new tailored parameterizations able to adequately represent the dynamics below 2000m of depth. This article collection conceived in the framework of MedCliver (http://www.medclivar.eu/) community, aims to gather outcomes on deep ocean circulation and bottom mixing not only in the Mediterranean area but also through other important case studies relevant in the characterization of deep processes, considering three different points of view: 1- Theoretical (role of the bottom diffusion) 2- New assimilation and modeling 3- In situ observations of deep long time series These will contribute to improving knowledge of the impacts of key deep processes on the climate system.
188 9 - PublicationOpen AccessThe CIRCE simulations: Regional Climate Change Projections with Realistic Representation of the Mediterranean Sea(2013)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Gualdi, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia ;Somot, L.; CNRM-GAME ;Li, L.; CNRS-LMD ;Artale, V.; ENEA ;Adani, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia ;Bellucci, A.; CMCC ;Braun, A.; CNRM-GAME ;Calmanti, S.; ENEA ;Carillo, A.; ENEA ;Dell'Aquila, A.; ENEA ;Deque, M.; CNRM-GAME ;Dubois, C.; CNRM-GAME ;Elizade, A.; MPI ;Harzallah, A.; INSTM ;Jacob, D.; MPI ;L'Hévéder, D.; CNRS-LMD ;May, W.; DMI ;Oddo, P.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia ;Ruti, P.; ENEA ;Sanna, A.; CMCC ;Sannino, G.; ENEA ;Scoccimarro, E.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia ;Savault, F.; CNRM-GAME ;Navarra, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; In this article we describe an innovative multi-model system developed within the CIRCE EU-FP6 Project and used to produce simulations of the Mediterranean Sea regional climate. The models include high-resolution Mediterranean Sea components, which allow to assess the role of the basin, and in particular of the air-sea feedbacks in the climate of the region. The models have been integrated from 1951 to 2050, using observed radiative forcings during the first half of the simulation period and the IPCC SRES A1B scenario during the second half. The projections show a substantial warming (about 1.5°-2°C) and a significant decrease of precipitation (about 5%) in the region for the scenario period. However, locally the changes might be even larger. In the same period, the projected surface net heat loss decreases, leading to a weaker cooling of the Mediterranean Sea by the atmosphere, whereas the water budget appears to increase, leading the basin to loose more water through its surface than in the past. These results are overall consistent with the findings of previous scenario simulations, such as PRUDENCE, ENSEMBLES and CMIP3. The agreement suggests that these findings are robust to substantial changes in the configuration of the models used to make the simulations. Finally, the models produce a 2021-2050 mean steric sea-level rise that ranges between +7 cm and +12 cm, with respect to the period of reference.264 565