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Vogel, A.
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Vogel, A.
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- PublicationOpen AccessHealth Hazard from Gas Emissions in the Quaternary Volcanic Province of Latium (Italy)(2010-05-31)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Carapezza, M. L.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Barberi, F.; Università Roma Tre ;Barrancos, J.; ITER, Tenerife, Spain ;Fischer, C.; EMT, Univ. Appl. Sci., Dusseldorf, Germany ;Melian, G.; ITER, Tenerife, Spain ;Perez, N.; ITER, Tenerife, Spain ;Ranaldi, M.; Università Roma Tre ;Ricci, T.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Tarchini, L.; Università Roma Tre ;Vogel, A.; EMT, Univ. Appl. Sci., Dusseldorf, Germany ;Weber, K.; EMT, Univ. Appl. Sci., Dusseldorf, Germany; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Perez, Nemesio; ITER, Tenerife, SpainThe Quaternary Volcanic Province of Central Italy is characterized by zones with a huge endogenous degassing where frequent, sometimes lethal, accidents occur to people and animals. The emitted gas has a deep origin (volcanic or mantle) and is mainly composed by CO2 (up to 98%) and H2S (1-4%), which may reach dangerous concentrations both in open air and indoor. Here we present the results of a multiparametric geochemical study carried out in 2007-2009 in the Provinces of Rome and Viterbo (Latium), with the aim of assessing the health hazard of their main gas emission sites (GES). Three types of GES were investigated: 1. natural, open-air thermal pools, 2. within natural reserves, 3. near to inhabited zones. More than 15 GES have been studied, and here we will illustrate some of the cases with the highest hazard. Results are presented for the sites of Vejano and Mola di Oriolo (Viterbo), Caldara di Manziana, Tor Caldara and Solforata di Pomezia (Rome). Cava dei Selci is a well-known inhabited area of the volcanic complex of Colli Albani (Rome). In each site, multi-technique surveys have been carried out to estimate the total gas output and its concentration in air, by measuring: CO2 and H2S viscous and diffuse flux (the latter by accumulation chamber), CO2 and H2S concentration in air (by TDL profiles and punctual Draeger measurements); moreover, the chemical and isotopic composition of the gas was determined in each site. In all these zones, lethal air concentrations may be reached by both H2S and CO2, but more frequently by the first. Recommendations for risk reduction were given to Civil Protection authorities.213 68 - PublicationOpen AccessHazardous gas emissions from the flanks of the quiescent Colli Albani volcano (Rome, Italy)(2012)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Carapezza, M. L.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Barberi, F.; Department of Geological Sciences, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy; ;Ranaldi, L. M.; Department of Geological Sciences, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy; ;Ricci, T.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Tarchini, L.; Department of Geological Sciences, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy; ;Barrancos, J.; Environmental Research Division, Instituto Tecnologico y de Energias Renovables (ITER), 38594 Granadilla, Tenerife, Spain ;Fischer, C.; Environmental Measurement Techniques, University of Applied Sciences Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany ;Granieri, D.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Pisa, Pisa, Italia ;Lucchetti, C.; Department of Geological Sciences, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy; ;Melian, G.; Environmental Research Division, Instituto Tecnologico y de Energias Renovables (ITER), 38594 Granadilla, Tenerife, Spain ;Perez, N.; Environmental Research Division, Instituto Tecnologico y de Energias Renovables (ITER), 38594 Granadilla, Tenerife, Spain ;Tuccimei, P.; Department of Geological Sciences, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy; ;Vogel, A.; Environmental Measurement Techniques, University of Applied Sciences Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany ;Weber, K.; Environmental Measurement Techniques, University of Applied Sciences Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Gas hazard was evaluated in the three most important cold gas emission zones on the flanks of the quiescent Colli Albani volcano. These zones are located above structural highs of the buried carbonate basement which represents the main regional aquifer and the main reservoir for gas rising from depth. All extensional faults affecting the limestone reservoir represent leaking pathways along which gas rises to the surface and locally accumulates in shallow permeable horizons forming pressurized pockets that may produce gas blowout when reached by wells. The gas, mainly composed by CO2 (>90 vol.%), contains appreciable quantities of H2S (0.35-6 vol.%), and both represent a potentially high local hazard. Both gases are denser than air and accumulate near ground where they may reach hazardous concentrations, and actually lethal accidents frequently occur to animals watering at local ponds. In order to evaluate the rate of degassing and the related hazard, CO2 and H2S diffuse soil flux surveys have been repeatedly carried out by accumulation chamber. The viscous gas flux of some important discrete emissions has been also evaluated and the CO2 and H2S air concentration measured by portable devises and by Tunable Diode Laser profiles. The minimum potential lethal concentration of the two gases (250 ppm for H2S and 8 vol.% for CO2) is 320 times higher for CO2, whereas the CO2/H2S concentration ratio in the emitted natural gas is significantly lower (15-159). This explains why H2S reaches hazardous, even lethal, concentrations more frequently than CO2. A relevant hazard exists for both gases in the depressed zones (channels, excavations) particularly in the non-windy early hours of the day.411 557