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Maroto-Valer, Mercedes
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Maroto-Valer, Mercedes
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- PublicationOpen AccessPanarea natural-lab: eight years of underwater research(2010-11-02)
; ; ; ; ; ;Caramanna, Giorgio; NationalCentre for Carbon Capture and Storage (NCCCS) –The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom ;Voltattorni, Nunzia; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;de Vittor, Cinzia; IstitutoNazionalediOceanografiae GeofisicaSperimentale(OGS), BorgoGrottaGigante, 42/c –34010 –Sgonico(TS) –Italy ;Conte, Aida Maria; C.N.R.-I.G.G.-U.O.S. of Rome, c/o Department of Earth Sciences ;Maroto-Valer, Mercedes; NationalCentre for Carbon Capture and Storage (NCCCS) –The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom; ; ; ; The volcanic island of Panarea is characterized by the presence of continuous emission of volcanic gases from the seafloor. In November 2002 the system increased its flow of some order of magnitude and since then a steady release of gas is present generating bubble plumes that, in the shallowest points, reach the sea surface. Due to the environmental conditions, the area close to the shore and shallow water can be utilized as a “natural lab” to study the effect of high levels of CO2on the marine realm by surface techniques and directly by means of SCUBA diving. Since 2002, over one hundred hours of diving have been utilized to collect samples of fluids and sediments and to study the biota. After a first phase of volcanic surveillance, the island is more recently studied as a “natural analogue” for the development of reliable monitoring techniques for potential seepage from sub-seabed carbon storage sites. Hereby we present a synthesis of eight years of research in the area.156 208 - PublicationRestrictedIs Panarea Island (Italy) a valid and cost-effective natural laboratory for the development of detection and monitoring techniques for submarine CO2 seepage?(2011)
; ; ; ;Caramanna, G.; University of Nottingham, UK ;Voltattorni, N.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Maroto-Valer, M. M.; University of Nottingham, UK; ; Developing reliable detection and monitoring techniques for underwater CO2 seepage and its effects on the marine environment is important for a wide range of topics; for example: volcanic surveillance, risk assessment of potential leakages from sub-seabed CO2 storage sites, and to forecast the effects of ocean acidification. A novel approach is to use areas where natural release of CO2 is present as ‘field-laboratories’ for validation of CO2 monitoring techniques and procedures. One such area was identified close to the volcanic island of Panarea (Italy). Here, CO2 seeps from the seafloor in shallow water allowing scuba divers to collect the needed data. Moreover, the coastal setting allows use of small boats for the marine operations, thus strongly reducing the costs. The applied study techniques examined are mainly sampling methods for free and dissolved gases, direct measurement of the CO2 fluxes, pH measurement along the water column, and verification of the impact of CO2 on the local environment. From these first results, the submarine degassing area of Panarea can be realistically considered a natural laboratory where it is possible to test and validate detection methods for the prompt identification of potential seepage from sub-seabed CO2 storage areas. The particularly favorable environment permits the use of simplified logistics, thus reducing the costs of the research to almost negligible values if compared with any high-seas operation.248 29