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Pieri, David C.
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- PublicationRestrictedGeological Mapping of Volcano Teide using multispectral and Hyperspectral Satellite Data(2010-12-01)
; ; ; ; ;Amici, Stefania; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione CNT, Roma, Italia ;Piscini, Alessandro; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione CNT, Roma, Italia ;Buongiorno, Maria Fabrizia; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione CNT, Roma, Italia ;Pieri, David C.; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; ; ; This work is an evaluation, to which degree geological information can be obtained from modern remote sensing systems like the multispectral ASTER or the hyperspectral Hyperion sensor for a volcanic region like Teide Volcano (Tenerife, Canary Islands). The Canarian Arcipelago is made up of seven islands that represent different stages of geologic evolution. Tenerife is the central island of archipelago and has developed within the complex formed by the rifts associated with the Teide-Pico Viejo (T-PV-Lat 28° 16’ 30” Lon 16°38’ 42”) stratovolcanoes that reach a height of 3718 m, 7500 above the ocean floor. It is an active, though currently quiescent shield volcano, which last erupted in 1909. In the frame of the European Project FP6 PREVIEW-EURORISK (PREVention, Information and Early Warning pre-operational services to support the management of risks) (http://www.preview-risk.com/) a field campaign was carried out on Tenerife island to improve the retrieval algorithms and techniques, a field campaign has been realized on Pico de Teide (Tenerife island - Spain) from the 16th and 24th of September 2007. The validation campaign has been performed in order to acquire spectra used as ground truth data on the Pico de Teide in an area also know as Las Canadas Caldera (LCC). The time window was chosen taking into account different factor as: meteorological characterization, satellites scheduled passage, availability of both on Tenerife and INGV team. The measurements were localized on the summit area of the Tenerife Island and in particular within the Teide Caldera in order to identify suitable test sites both for cal/val activities and to study the geological setting of Pico the Teide volcano by image spectroscopy. Measurements in situ of reflectance and emissivity were realized very close/close the satellite passages. During the campaign atmospheric profiles and ground atmospheric measurements were acquired contemporaneously with the satellite acquisitions. A characterization of reflectance at summit crater surfaces was realised in order to complete the spectral characterization of different surfaces. The spectral measurements have been used as “ground truth” to realise the first classification map by satellite data of Teide volcano. In particular, the Support Vector Machine (SVM) supervised method has been applied to both ASTER and Hyperion data. The results are compared and discussed in this work.206 32 - PublicationOpen AccessSurface temperature multiscale monitoring by thermal infrared satellite and ground images at Campi Flegrei volcanic area (Italy)(Geophysical Research Abstracts Vol. 20, EGU2018-8132, 2018 EGU General Assembly 2018, 2018-04-08)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; The Campi Flegrei volcanic area (Italy) is part of the Neapolitan volcanic district, a high volcanic risk area where population and human activities are exposed. It is monitored by INGV multi-platform surveillance networks systems. In this work we performed a comparison of the surface temperature in volcanic areas between satellite imagery in the Thermal Infrared (TIR) bandwidth and infrared thermal scenes acquired by ground cameras network (TIRNet). TIRS on LANDSAT and ASTER on NASA-TERRA provide thermal IR channels to monitor the evolution of the surface temperatures on Campi Flegrei area. The spatial resolution of the TIR LANDSAT8 data is 100 m and ASTER resolution is 90 m. Temporal resolution is 16 days for both satellites. TIRNet network has been developed by INGV-Osservatorio Vesuviano for long-term volcanic surveillance of Campi Flegrei caldera through the acquisition of thermal infrared images. The system is currently composed of 5 permanent stations equipped with FLIR A645SC cameras using a 640x480 resolution IR sensor. Acquisitions and data transmission are managed remotely through technology specially developed at INGV laboratories in Naples. To improve the systematic use of satellite data in the monitoring procedures of Volcanic Observatories, a suitable integration and validation strategy is needed, also considering that current satellite missions do not provide TIR data with optimal characteristics to observe small thermal anomalies that may indicate changes in the volcanic activity. The presented procedure has been applied to the analysis of Solfatara Crater and is based on 2 different steps: 1) two parallel processing chains to produce ground temperature data both from satellite and ground cameras; 2) data integration and comparison. The ground cameras images generally acquire scenes of portion of the crater slopes characterized by significant thermal anomalies due to fumarole fields. In order to compare the satellite and ground cameras scenes, it has been necessary to take into account the observation geometries. All thermal images of the TIRNet have been georeferenced to the UTM WGS84 system, a regular grid of 30x30 meters has been created to select polygonal areas corresponding only to the cells containing the georeferenced TIR images acquired by different TIRnet stations. The surface temperature images retrieved by ASTER and LANDSAT data, have been georeferenced and resampled in cells of 30x30 with a careful control in maintaining the original cell values. The results show a good correspondence between trends of surface ground temperatures and satellite temperatures. This allow to calibrate the surface temperatures of the satellite imagery and to extend the area of analysis of thermal anomalies in the Campi Flegrei caldera. The effectiveness of this methodology allow to integrate the temperature data acquired by TIRNet with the satellite temperature data acquiredbefore the installation of TIRNet ground network.140 87 - PublicationRestrictedSpectral analysis of ASTER and HYPERION data for geological classification of Volcano Teide.(2010-07-24)
; ; ; ;Piscini, Alessandro; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione CNT, Roma, Italia ;Amici, Stefania; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione CNT, Roma, Italia ;Pieri, Dave; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California USA; ; ; IEEE IGARSSThis work is an evaluation to which degree geological information can be obtained from modern remote sensing systems like the multispectral ASTER or the hyperspectral Hyperion sensor for a volcanic region like Teide Volcano (Tenerife, Canary Islands). To account for the enhanced information content these sensors provide, hyperspectral analysis methods, incorporating for example Minimum Noise Fraction-Transformation (MNF) for data quality assessment and noise reduction as well as Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) for supervised classification, were applied. Ground Truth reflectance data were obtained with a FieldSpec Pro measurements campaign conducted during later summer of 2007 in the frame of the EC project PREVIEW (http://www.preview-risk.com/).155 17 - PublicationRestrictedGeological classification of volcano Teide by hyperspectral and multispectral satellite data, Recent Advances in Quantitative Remote Sensing(2001-09-27)
; ; ; ; ;Amici, Stefania; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione CNT, Roma, Italia ;Piscini, Alessandro; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione CNT, Roma, Italia ;Buongiorno, Maria Fabrizia; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione CNT, Roma, Italia ;Pieri, David C.; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; ; ; The Canarian Arcipelago is made up of seven islands that represent different stages of geologic evolution. Tenerife is the central island of archipelago and has developed within the complex formed by the rifts associated with the Teide-Pico Viejo (T-PV-Lat 28° 16’ 30” Lon 16°38’ 42”) stratovolcanoes that reach a height of 3718m, 7500 above the ocean floor. It is an active, though currently quiescent shield volcano, which last erupted in 1909. In this study we have geologically characterized Volcano Teide by using multispectral and hyperspectral satellite imaging data. Radiance data were preprocessed and calibrated into reflectance, following which unsupervised and supervised classification methods were applied. The supervised classification primarily utilized in situ ground truth obtained during 2007 field campaign (EC project PREVIEW FP6). In this work we compare results obtained by using several methods.289 35 - PublicationOpen AccessSpectral analysis of ASTER and HYPERION data for geological classification of Volcano Teide(2010-07)
; ; ; ;Piscini, Alessandro; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione CNT, Roma, Italia ;Amici, Stefania; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione CNT, Roma, Italia ;Pieri, Dave; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California USA; ; ; IGARSSThis work is an evaluation to which degree geological information can be obtained from modern remote sensing systems like the multispectral ASTER or the hyperspectral Hyperion sensor for a volcanic region like Teide Volcano (Tenerife, Canary Islands). To account for the enhanced information content these sensors provide, hyperspectral analysis methods, incorporating for example Minimum Noise Fraction-Transformation (MNF) for data quality assessment and noise reduction as well as Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) for supervised classification, were applied. Ground Truth reflectance data were obtained with a FieldSpec Pro measurements campaign conducted during later summer of 2007 in the frame of the EC project PREVIEW (http://www.preview-risk.com/).131 309 - PublicationUnknownThermal Analysis of Volcanoes Based on 10 Years of ASTER Data on Mt. Etna(2013)
; ; ; ;Buongiorno, Maria Fabrizia; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione CNT, Roma, Italia ;Pieri, David; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology ;Silvestri, Malvina; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione CNT, Roma, Italia; ; The EOS-1 Terra ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) has acquired about 200 images (100 of them sufficiently cloud-free to be used) over Mt. Etna since 1999. This chapter shows the results from the analysis of 10 years Mt Etna activity using thermal infrared (TIR) high spatial resolution data by a semi-automatic procedure that extracts radiance values of the summit area with the goal of detecting variation related to eruptive events. Night time data showed a good correlation with the main eruptive events that occurred both in the summit and in the flank areas. A comparison of the variance of maximum ASTER TIR radiance with variance of the maximum AVHRR TIR radiance (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) for the same area confirms good correlation in terms of trend and values between the two data sets. Finally this study emphasizes the importance of high spatial resolution TIR data during background monitoring to detect changes in the thermal emission that may be related to an impending eruption and the need to further improve the spatial resolution in the TIR channels to better separate the thermal active areas in volcanic systems.71 3 - PublicationRestrictedMagmatic gas percolation through the old lava dome of El Misti volcano(2017-05-24)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ;; ; ;The proximity of the major city of Arequipa to El Misti has focused attention on the hazards posed by the active volcano. Since its last major eruption in the fifteenth century, El Misti has experienced a series of modest phreatic eruptions and fluctuating fumarolic activity. Here, we present the first measurements of the compositions of gas emitted from the lava dome in the summit crater. The gas composition is found to be fairly dry with a H2O/SO2 molar ratio of 32 ± 3, a CO2/ SO2 molar ratio of 2.7 ± 0.2, a H2S/SO2 molar ratio of 0.23 ± 0.02 and a H2/SO2 molar ratio of 0.012 ± 0.002. This magmatic gas signature with minimal evidence of hydrothermal or wall rock interaction points to a shallow magma source that is efficiently outgassing through a permeable conduit and lava dome. Field and satellite observations show no evolution of the lava dome over the last decade, indicating sustained outgassing through an established fracture network. This stability could be disrupted if dome permeability were to be reduced by annealing or occlusion of outgassing pathways. Continued monitoring of gas composition and flux at El Misti will be essential to determine the evolution of hazard potential at this dangerous volcano.133 1 - PublicationOpen AccessVolcanological applications of unoccupied aircraft systems (UAS): Developments, strategies, and future challenges(2020)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Unoccupied aircraft systems (UAS) are developing into fundamental tools for tackling the grand challenges in volcanology; here, we review the systems used and their diverse applications. UAS can typically provide image and topographic data at two orders of magnitude better spatial resolution than space-based remote sensing, and close-range observations at temporal resolutions down to those of video frame rates. Responsive deployments facilitate dense time-series measurements, unique opportunities for geophysical surveys, sample collection from hostile environments such as volcanic plumes and crater lakes, and emergency deployment of ground-based sensors (and robots) into hazardous regions. UAS have already been used to support hazard management and decision-makers during eruptive crises. As technologies advance, increasing system capabilities, autonomy and availability, supported by more diverse and lighter-weight sensors, will offer unparalleled potential for hazard monitoring. UAS will provide opportunities for pivotal advances in our understanding of complex physical and chemical volcanic processes.14 3 - PublicationRestrictedDifferences in Landsat TM derived lava flow thermal structures during summit and flank eruption at Mount Etna(2004)
; ; ; ; ;Lombardo, V.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Buongiorno, M. F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Pieri, D.; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Earth and Space Sciences Division, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA ;Merucci, L.; a Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Via di Vigna Murata 605, 00143 Roma, Italy; ; ; Abstract The simultaneous solution of the Planck equation (the so-called ‘‘dual-band’’ technique) for two shortwave infrared Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) bands allows an estimate of the fractional area of the hottest part of an active flow and the temperature of the cooler crust. Here, the dual-band method has been applied to a time series of Mount Etna eruptions. The frequency distribution of the fractional area of the hottest component reveals specific differences between summit and flank lava flows. The shape of the density function shows a trend consistent with a Gaussian distribution and suggests a relationship between the moments of the distribution and the emplacement environment. Because flow composition of Etnean lavas generally remains constant during the duration of their emplacement, it appears that the shape of any particular frequency distribution is probably related to fluid mechanical aspects of flow emplacement that affect flow velocity and flow heat loss and thus the rate of formation of the surface crust. These factors include the influence of topographical features such as changes in slope gradient, changes in volume effusion rate, and progressive downflow increases in bulk or effective viscosity. A form of the general theoretical solution for the ‘dual-band’ system, which illustrates the relationship between radiance in TM bands 5 and 7, corresponding to hot fractional area and crust temperature, is presented. Generally speaking, it appears that for a given flow at any point in time, larger fractional areas of exposed hot material are correlated with higher temperatures and that, while the overall shape of that distribution is common for the flows studied, its amplitude and slope reflect individual flow rheological regimes.274 26