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Martini, Fabio
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Martini, Fabio
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- PublicationRestrictedStable isotope composition of Late Pleistocene-Holocene Eobania vermiculata (Müller, 1774) (Pulmonata, Stylommatophora) shells from the Central Mediterranean basin: Data from Grotta d’Oriente (Favignana, Sicily)(2011-11-01)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Colonese, A. C.; Departamento de Arqueología y Antropología (IMF - CSIC), Laboratori d’Arqueozoologia (UAB), Research group: GASA (UAB), AGREST (Generalitat de Catalunya), Barcelona, Spain ;Zanchetta, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Pisa, Pisa, Italia ;Drysdale, R. N.; Department of Resource Management and Geography, University of Melbourne, Australia ;Fallick, A. E.; Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, Glasgow, UK ;Manganelli, G.; Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Università di Siena, Siena, Italy ;Lo Vetro, D.; Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Antichità “G. Pasquali”, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy ;Martini, F.; Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Antichità “G. Pasquali”, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy ;Di Giuseppe, Z.; Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Antichità “G. Pasquali”, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy; ; ; ; ; ; ; This paper presents stable isotopic results (oxygen and carbon) from both modern and Late Pleistocene-Holocene shells of the land snail Eobania vermiculata (Müller, 1774) from Favignana Island (Sicily). It aims to contribute to the understanding of climate and vegetation history of this region during formation of Upper Palaeolithic, Mesolithic and Meso-Neolithic deposits of Grotta d’Oriente (ORT). Results from both an evaporative model (FBM) and an empirical regional isotopic model (i.e. linear relation between oxygen isotopic composition of shells (δ18Os) and those of local precipitation (δ18Op)) indicate that the δ18Os values of modern specimens are mainly controlled by local temperature, relative humidity and δ18Op at the time of snail activity. Data also suggest that the modern snails are nocturnally active almost all-year round in the study area. The carbon isotopic compositions of shells (δ13Cs) of the same specimens indicate a diet prevalently (or exclusively) composed of C3 vegetation. The δ18Os values of Late Pleistocene specimens suggest that climate conditions at ∼14.2 ka cal BP were similar to the present day, in agreement with additional δ18Os records from southern Italy. By contrast, early-middle Holocene shells are notably 18O-depleted and suggest wetter conditions, possibly combined with a decrease in isotopic composition of precipitation source, compared to the present day. When compared with regional palaeoclimatic records a large-scale isotopic response to millennial-scale changes in atmospheric and hydrological conditions (e.g. enhanced rainfall) in the central-eastern Mediterranean is observed during the early-middle Holocene. The δ13Cs of Late Pleistocene and Holocene specimens are consistently higher than those of modern ones. For the Late Pleistocene, this could be reasonably explained in terms of water-stressed vegetation. On the other hand, this seems to be less valid for Holocene counterparts when the climate was wetter. Probably δ13Cs values result from the combination of distinct competing factors, involving atmospheric CO2 concentration, seasonal water budget, vegetation type-cover and other carbon sources. Results reveal coherent relationships between regional δ18Os and δ13Cs, demonstrating that Late Pleistocene-Holocene land snail shell remains from archaeological sites may provide useful snapshots of past seasonal climate conditions.440 22 - PublicationRestrictedAn end to the Last Interglacial highstand before 120 ka: Relative sea-level evidence from Infreschi Cave (Southern Italy)(2020)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; The timing, duration and evolution of sea level during the Marine Isotope Stage 5e (MIS 5e) highstand is a subject of intense debate. A major problem in resolving this debate is the difficulty of chronologically constraining the sea level fall that followed the peak of the highstand. This was mainly controlled by icesheet dynamics, the understanding of which is relevant for assessing future sea-level behavior due to global warming. Here we use stratigraphical and geochoronological (U/Th dating and tephra fingerprinting) evidence from the Infreschi archaeological cave (Marina di Camerota, Southern Italy) to constrain relative sea level (RSL) evolution during the MIS 5e highstand and younger stages. Uraniumthorium dating of speleothem deposition phases places the maximum highstand RSL at 8.90 ± 0.6 m a.s.l., as indicated by the near-horizontal upper limit of Lithophaga boreholes measured for along a ~3.5 km coastal cliff section. Geochronological data show that RSL fell more than 6 m before ~120 ka, suggesting a duration of the Last Interglacial highstand significantly shorter than proposed in some previous studies. Modelling shows that the RSL trend predicted by the ICE-5G and ICE-6G ice-sheet simulations is consistent with our data, but requires an additional significant reduction of both Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets to match the height of the local maximum highstand if no correction for tectonics is applied. Reconciling field data and models requires an earlier and likely shorter duration of the MIS 5e highstand. This suggests that our new data can constrain global ice-volume variations during the penultimate deglaciation, as well as glacial inception at the end of the Last Interglacial. According to our chronology, there is no local evidence of higher-than-present-day sea levels after 120 ka.66 2 - PublicationRestrictedSeasonal cycles of seismic velocity variations detected using coda wave interferometry at Fogo volcano, São Miguel, Azores, during 2003–2004(2009-04-10)
; ; ; ; ; ;Martini, F.; Seismology and Computational Rock Physics Lab., School of Geological Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland ;Bean, C. J.; Seismology and Computational Rock Physics Lab., School of Geological Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland; Complex and Adaptive Systems Lab., (CASL), University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland ;Saccorotti, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Pisa, Pisa, Italia ;Viveirosc, F.; Centro de Vulcanologia e Avaliação de Riscos Geológicos, Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal ;Wallenstein, N.; Centro de Vulcanologia e Avaliação de Riscos Geológicos, Universidade dos Açores, Ponta Delgada, Açores, Portugal; ; ; ; Fogo volcano is an active central volcano, with a lake filled caldera, in the central part of São Miguel Island, Azores, whose current activity is limited to hydrothermal manifestations such as active fumarolic fields, thermal and CO2 cold springs and soil diffuse degassing areas. It is affected by important active tectonic structures, with high seismic activity and practically continuous micro-seismicity. A recurrent feature from the seismicity observed in volcanic regions is the occurrence of clusters of similar earthquakes, whose origin can be attributed to the repeated action of a similar source mechanism at the same focal area. Doublets/multiplets were identified in this study within a catalogue of small magnitude (usually < 3) volcano tectonic events recorded in 2003–2004 by a selection of stations around Fogo volcano. All events have been cross-correlated and pairs whose waveforms exhibited a cross-correlation coefficient equal to or higher than 0.9 were analysed using the coda-wave interferometry technique. Subtle velocity variations found between events highlight a seasonal cycle of the velocity patterns, with lower velocity in winter time and higher velocity during summer months. Those results, together with quantitative differences between the same doublets at different stations, exhibit an excellent correlation with rainfall. A seasonal effect can also be broadly seen in the seismicity occurrence, and some of the swarms recorded over the two year period occur during the wettest season or close to episodes of abundant (above average) rainfall. Moreover, temporal and spatial analysis of several swarms highlighted the lack of any mainshock–aftershock sequence and organized migration of the hypocenters. This is suggestive of a very heterogeneous stress field. Vp/Vs is found to be lower than usually observed in volcanic areas, an occurrence likely related to the presence of steamy fluid associated with the geothermal system. Taken together, these observations suggest that pore pressurisation plays a major role in controlling a considerable part of the recorded seismicity. The geothermal fluids around Fogo massif have been identified as derived from meteoric water, which infiltrates through Fogo Lake and the volcano flanks and flows from south to north on the northern flank. All those elements seem to point to a role played by rainfall in triggering seismicity at São Miguel, possibly through pressure changes at depth in response to surface rain and/or an interaction with the geothermal system.159 26 - PublicationOpen AccessLast interglacial and MIS 9e relative sea-level highstands in the Central Mediterranean: a reappraisal from coastal cave deposits in the Cilento area, Southern Italy(2024)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;A revaluation of the relative sea-level (RSL) indicators in the Baia di Infreschi (Cilento, Southern Italy) supported by new 30 U/Th dating on speleothems indicates that the upper level of Lithophaga burrows identified by Bini et al. (2020) at ~9 m a.s.l. and correlated to the Last Interglacial (LIG) highstand should be referred to the highstand of the MIS 9e, whereas the local RSL for the highstand of the LIG is now reassessed at 5.3 ± 0.18 m a.s.l. The upper level of the Lithophaga marker can be followed for ~12 km along the coast, suggesting a substantial absence of important relative tectonic movements. In the Baia di Infreschi an additional marine indicator, a notch sealed by a flowstone dated ~110 ka, indicates several phases of RSL stationing below the maximum highstand of the LIG. The presence of flowstones as low as 2 m a.s.l. dated to the MIS 7 shows that the highstand of MIS 7 was probably below the present sea level. All these evidences allow us to reassess the stratigraphy of some archaeological caves in the area, indicating that the sedimentary successions preserved there are older than what was previously believed.62 4 - PublicationOpen AccessExploring mobility in Italian Neolithic and Copper Age communities(2021-01-29)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;As a means for investigating human mobility during late the Neolithic to the Copper Age in central and southern Italy, this study presents a novel dataset of enamel oxygen and carbon isotope values (δ18Oca and δ13Cca) from the carbonate fraction of biogenic apatite for one hundred and twenty-six individual teeth coming from two Neolithic and eight Copper Age communities. The measured δ18Oca values suggest a significant role of local sources in the water inputs to the body water, whereas δ13Cca values indicate food resources, principally based on C3 plants. Both δ13Cca and δ18Oca ranges vary substantially when samples are broken down into local populations. Statistically defined thresholds, accounting for intra-site variability, allow the identification of only a few outliers in the eight Copper Age communities, suggesting that sedentary lifestyle rather than extensive mobility characterized the investigated populations. This seems to be also typical of the two studied Neolithic communities. Overall, this research shows that the investigated periods in peninsular Italy differed in mobility pattern from the following Bronze Age communities from more northern areas.135 19