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Walia, V.
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Walia, V.
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- PublicationOpen AccessGeochemistry of thermal waters along fault segments in the Beas and Parvati valleys (north-west Himalaya, Himachal Pradesh) and in the Sohna town (Haryana), India(2009)
; ; ; ; ; ;Cinti, D.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Pizzino, L.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Voltattorni, N.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Quattrocchi, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Walia, V.; National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering (NCREE), National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei – 106, Taiwan; ; ; ; A geochemical survey of thermal waters discharging in the Beas and Parvati valleys (Kulu District, Himachal Pradesh) and in the Sohna town (Gurgaon District, Haryana) was carried out in March 2002. The Beas and Parvati area is characterized by regional seismogenetic fault segments, thrusts and complex folded structures where deep fluid circulation occurs. Thermal springs have temperatures varying between 35 °C and 89 °C. The wide range of surface temperatures and water chemistries suggest the mixing, at various degrees, between a deep saline end-member and a shallow freshwater. Based on the high salinity and the enrichment in halogens (Cl, Br), B and Li, the contribution of the deeper end-member seems to be larger for Kulu and Kalath relative to Manikaran and Kasol. Moreover, a large input of crustal volatiles (He, CO2, H2) is observed for Kulu and Kalath waters. The high dissolved CO2 content and its carbon isotopic composition (13CPDB = -2.87 and -7.49‰ for Kulu and Kalath, respectively) point to a deep, prevalent thermo-metamorphic provenance of the carbon dioxide. A general shallow (i.e. organic) origin of carbon dioxide is suggested for Kasol and Manikaran. The estimated deep temperatures based on the quartz geothermometer provide values ranging between 93-114 °C for all the thermal waters of the Beas and Parvati valleys. The Sohna thermal spring emerges at 42 °C from joints of the seismogenetic Sohna fault. A Na-Cl-HCO3 composition characterizes this water with very low contents of all the selected minor and trace elements. High dissolved helium content points to a prolonged deep circulation, whereas calculated 13C-CO2 (-14.23‰ vs. PDB) is indicative of the general shallow origin of carbon dioxide. The estimated deep temperatures are close to the discharge ones, not providing any valuable information about the temperature of the deeper reservoir.372 641 - PublicationRestrictedGeochemical characteristics of soil radon and carbon dioxide within the Dead Sea Fault and Karasu Fault in the Amik Basin (Hatay), Turkey(2017-10-10)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; The study area is close to the boundary of three tectonic plates (Anatolian, Arabian, and African plates) and is characterized by important tectonic lineaments, which consist mainly of the Dead Sea Fault (DSF), the Karasu Fault, and the East Anatolian Fault (EAF) systems. To understand the origin of soil gas emanation and its relationships with the tectonics of the Amik Basin (Hatay), a detailed soil gas sampling was systematically performed. Together with CO2 flux measurements, N220 soil gas samples were analyzed for Rn and CO2 concentrations. The distribution of soil Rn (kBq/m3), CO2 concentration (ppm), and CO2 flux (g/m2/day) in the area appears as a point source (spot) and/or diffuses (halo) anomalies along the buried faults/fractures due to crustal leaks. The results revealed that Rn and CO2 concentrations in the soil gas show anomalous values at the specific positions in the Amik Basin. The trace of these anomalous values is coincident with the N-S trending DSF. CO2 is believed to act as a carrier for Rn gas. Based on the Rn and CO2 concentrations of soil gases, at least three gas components are required to explain the observed variations. In addition to the atmospheric component, two other gas sources can be recognized. One is the deep crust component, which exhibits high Rn and CO2 concentrations, and is considered the best indicator for the surface location of fault/fracture zones in the region. The other component is a shallower gas source with high Rn concentration and low CO2 concentration. Moreover, He isotopic compositions of representative samples vary from 0.94 to 0.99 Ra, illustrating that most samples have a soil air component and may have mixed with some crustal component, without significant input of the mantle component. Based on the repeated measurements at a few sites, soil gas concentrations at the same site were observed to be higher in 2014 than in 2013, which may be associated with the activity of the DSF in 2013–2014. This suggests that soil gas variations at fault zone are closely related to the local crustal stress, and hence are suitable for monitoring fault activities.426 14 - PublicationRestrictedOrigin and interactions of fluids circulating over the Amik Basin (Hatay, Turkey) and relationships with the hydrologic, geologic and tectonic settings(2014-09)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Yuce, G.; Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey ;Italiano, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;D'Alessandro, W.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Yalcin, T. H.; Istanbul Technical University, Turkey ;Yasin, D. U.; Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Turkey ;Gulbay, A. H.; Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Turkey ;Ozyurt, N. N.; Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey ;Rojay, B.; Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey ;Karabacak, V.; Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Turkey ;Bellomo, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Brusca, L.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Yang, T. F.; National Taiwan University, Taiwan ;Fu, C. C.; Institute of Earth Sciences of Academia Sinica, Taiwan ;Lai, C. W.; National Taiwan University, Taiwan ;Ozacar, A.; Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey ;Walia, V.; National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering, Taipei, Taiwan; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; We investigated the geochemical features of the fluids circulating over the Amik Basin (SE Turkey–Syria border), which is crossed by the Northern extension of theDSF (Dead Sea Fault) and represents the boundary area of three tectonic plates (Anatolian, Arabian and African plates). We collected 34 water samples (thermal and cold from natural springs and boreholes) as well as 8 gas samples (bubbling and gas seepage) besides the gases dissolved in the sampled waters. The results show that the dissolved gas phase is a mixture of shallow (atmospheric) and deep components either of mantle and crustal origin. Coherently the sampled waters are variable mixtures of shallow and deep ground waters, the latter being characterised by higher salinity and longer residence times. The deep groundwaters (fromboreholes deeper than 1000 m)have a CH4-dominated dissolved gas phase related to the presence of hydrocarbon reservoirs. The very unique tectonic setting of the area includes the presence of an ophiolitic block outcropping in the westernmost area on the African Plate, as well as basalts located to the North and East on the Arabic Plate. The diffuse presence of CO2-enriched gases, although diluted by the huge groundwater circulation, testifies a regional degassing activity. Fluids circulating over the ophiolitic block are marked by H2-dominated gases with abiogenic methane and high-pH waters. The measured 3He/4He isotopic ratios display contributions from both crustal and mantle-derived sources over both sides of the DSF. Although the serpentinization process is generally independent from mantle-type contribution, the recorded helium isotopic ratios highlight variable contents of mantle-derived fluids. Due to the absence of recent volcanism over the western side of the basin (African Plate), we argue that CO2-rich volatiles carrying mantle-type helium and enriched in heavy carbon, are degassed by deep-rooted regional faults rather than from volcanic sources.465 105