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Ronchitelli, A.
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Ronchitelli, A.
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- PublicationRestrictedMillstone coastal quarries of the Mediterranean: A new class of sea level indicator(2014)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Lo Presti, V.; Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Italy ;Antonioli, F.; ENEA ;Auriemma, R.; Dipartimento di Beni Culturali, Università del Salento, Italy ;Ronchitelli, A.; Università di Siena, Italy ;Scicchitano, G.; Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche ed Ambientali, Università di Catania, Italy ;Spampinato, C.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Anzidei, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia ;Agizza, S.; Via Riviera di Chiaia 215, 80123 Napoli, Italy ;Benini, A.; Università della Calabria, Dipartimento di Archeologia e Storia delle Arti, Rende, CS, Italy ;Ferranti, A.; Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell’Ambiente e delle Risorse, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Italy ;Gasparo Morticelli, G.; Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Italy ;Giarrusso, C.; Via Arborea 17, 07100 Sassari, Italy ;Mastronuzzi, G.; mDipartimento di Scienze della Terra e Geoambientale, Università degli Studi ‘‘Aldo Moro’’, Bari, Italy ;Monaco, C.; Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche ed Ambientali, Università di Catania, Italy ;Porqueddu, A.; Via. E. Arborea, 07024, La Maddalena, Olbia-Tempio, Italy; ;; ; ;; ; ; ;; ; ; ; ; The coasts of Italy still preserve several remnants of coastal quarries built in antiquity, that now provide insights into the intervening sea-level changes occurred during the last millennia. In this paper, we show and discuss a new class of sea level indicator consisting of millstones carved along the rocky coast of southern Italy since 2500 BP, that are currently submerged. They were extracted from beachrocks, sandstones or similar sedimentary rocks, easier for carving by ancient carving tools. Our study focuses on 10 coastal sites located at Capo d’Orlando, Avola, and Letojanni, in Sicily; Soverato, Tropea, and Capo dell’Armi, in Calabria; Castellabate, Palinuro, and Scario, in Campania; and Polignano San Vito, in Apulia. Unfortunately, only limited archaeological information is available for these anthropic structures. Scario, one of these millstone quarries discussed here, has been dated through independent archaeological remains, allowing us to restrict the exploitation age to the end of XVII century. Present day elevations of these coastal sites were obtained through geo-archaeological surveys calibrated using the nearest tidal stations, together with geomorphological and tectonic interpretations. Data were compared against the latest sea level predictions based on glacio-hydro-isostatic models. Our results allow proposal of the age-range of these millstone quarries and to estimate the intervening relative sea level changes since the time when they were carved.327 84 - PublicationRestrictedThe Campanian Ignimbrite and Codola tephra layers: Two temporal/stratigraphic markers for the Early Upper Palaeolithic in southern Italy and eastern Europe(2008)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Giaccio, B.; Istituto di Geologia ambientale e Geoingegneria, CNR, Via Bolognola 7, 00138 Rome, Italy ;Isaia, R.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Fedele, F. G.; Laboratorio di Antropologia, Dipartimento delle Scienze biologiche, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Naples, Italy ;Di Canzio, E.; Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy ;Hoffecker, J.; Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA ;Ronchitelli, A.; Dipartimento di Archeologia e Storia delle Arti, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy ;Sinitsyn, A. A.; Institute of the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petersburg, Russia ;Anikovich, M.; Institute of the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petersburg, Russia ;Lisitsyn, S.; Institute of the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petersburg, Russia ;Popov, V. V.; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Tephra layers from archaeological sites in southern Italy and eastern Europe stratigraphically associated with cultural levels containing Early Upper Palaeolithic industry were analysed. The results confirm the occurrence of the Campanian Ignimbrite tephra (CI; ca. 40 cal ka BP) at Castelcivita Cave (southern Italy), Temnata Cave (Bulgaria) and in the Kostenki–Borshchevo area of the Russian Plain. This tephra, originated from the largest eruption of the Phlegrean Field caldera, represents the widest volcanic deposit and one of the most important temporal/stratigraphic markers of western Eurasia. At Paglicci Cave and lesser sites in the Apulia region we recognise a chemically and texturally different tephra, which lithologically, chronologically and chemically matches the physical and chemical characteristics of the Plinian eruption of Codola; a poorly known Late Pleistocene explosive event from the Neapolitan volcanoes, likely Somma–Vesuvius. For this latter, we propose a preliminary age estimate of ca. 33 cal ka BP and a correlation to the widespread C-10 marine tephra of the central Mediterranean. The stratigraphic position of both CI and Codola tephra layers at Castelcivita and Paglicci help date the first and the last documented appearance of Early Upper Palaeolithic industries of southern Italy to ca. 41–40 and 33 cal ka BP, respectively, or between two interstadial oscillations of the Monticchio pollen record – to which the CI and Codola tephras are physically correlated – corresponding to the Greenland interstadials 10–9 and 5. In eastern Europe, the stratigraphic and chronometric data seem to indicate an earlier appearance of the Early Upper Palaeolithic industries, which would predate of two millennia at least the overlying CI tephra. The tephrostratigraphic correlation indicates that in both regions the innovations connected with the so-called Early Upper Palaeolithic – encompassing subsistence strategy and stone tool technology – appeared and evolved during one of the most unstable climatic phases of the Last Glacial period. On this basis, the marked environmental unpredictability characterising this time-span is seen as a potential ecological factor involved in the cultural changes observed.296 68