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Boenzi, Giuliana
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Boenzi, Giuliana
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- PublicationOpen AccessHuman communities living in the central Campania Plain during eruptions of Vesuvius and Campi Flegrei(2021)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Archaeological and volcanological studies have revealed that eruptions of Neapolitan volcanoes have conditioned human settlement patterns since prehistoric times. The occurrence of high intensity explosive eruptions, interspersed with long periods of quiescence, has characterized the last 10 ka of activity of these volcanoes. Geoarchaeological studies, carried out in advance of investigations for the construction of the Rome-Naples and the new Naples-Bari railway lines, have made possible a detailed reconstruction of human presence in the central part of the Campania Plain up to the coastal strip, between the late Neolithic and the late Bronze Age. The examined chronological interval includes sequences of pyroclastic deposits erupted by both Campi Flegrei and Somma-Vesuvius, and paleosols with evidence of anthropic frequentation. Altogether, the geoarchaeological data have provided a detailed picture of human settlement and activities through time with a particular focus on a long period of quiescence of the two volcanoes and also during their intense activity.420 181 - PublicationRestrictedThe Vesuvian “Pomici di Avellino” eruption and Early Bronze Age settlement in the middle Clanis valley(2009)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Laforgia, E.; Soprintendenza per i Beni Archeologici di Napoli e Caserta ;Boenzi, G.; Soprintendenza per i Beni Archeologici di Napoli e Caserta ;Amato, L.; Tecno In S.p.A. Servizi di Ingegneria, Napoli ;Bishop, J.; CAL s.r.l. ;Di Vito, M. A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Fattore, L.; ARCA S.A.S Osservatorio Vesuviano, Napoli ;Stanzione, M.; Dipartimento di Studi del Mondo Classico e del Mediterraneo Antico Università degli Studi l’Orientale Napoli ;Viglio, F.; Laboratorio di Scienze e Tecniche applicate all’Archeologia Università degli Studi Suor Orsola Benincasa Napoli; ; ; ; ; ; ; Archaeological rescue work conducted prior to the construction of the high-velocity rail line in the Province of Naples (Italy), in particular in the area of Afragola, has yielded new and important information regarding the impact of the Vesuvian Pomici di Avellino eruption on human communities living in this part of the Campanian plain. Of particular significance was the discovery of a village destroyed by the eruption, the excavation of which has allowed an understanding of the mode and timescale of collapse of each building, and thus revealed (in varying degrees of completeness) the structural details of each building type. Thousands of human footprints and animal hoof prints were found both inside and outside the village, providing clear evidence of the initial hurried flight and also of the subsequent exodus due to the disruption of natural drainage the eruption caused.326 69 - PublicationRestrictedIntersection of exogenous, endogenous and anthropogenic factors in the Holocene landscape: A study of the Naples coastline during the last 6000 years(2013)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Romano, P.; Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell’Ambiente e delle Risorse, Università di Napoli Federico II, Largo S. Marcellino 10, 80138 Naples, Italy ;Di Vito, M. A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Giampaola, D.; Soprintendenza Speciale ai Beni Archeologici di Napoli e Pompei, Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Naples, Italy ;Cinque, A.; Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell’Ambiente e delle Risorse, Università di Napoli Federico II, Largo S. Marcellino 10, 80138 Naples, Italy ;Bartoli, C.; Soprintendenza Speciale ai Beni Archeologici di Napoli e Pompei, Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Naples, Italy ;Boenzi, G.; Soprintendenza Speciale ai Beni Archeologici di Napoli e Pompei, Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Naples, Italy ;Detta, F.; Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell’Ambiente e delle Risorse, Università di Napoli Federico II, Largo S. Marcellino 10, 80138 Naples, Italy ;Di Marco, M.; Soprintendenza Speciale ai Beni Archeologici di Napoli e Pompei, Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Naples, Italy ;Giglio, M.; Soprintendenza Speciale ai Beni Archeologici di Napoli e Pompei, Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Naples, Italy ;Iodice, S.; Soprintendenza Speciale ai Beni Archeologici di Napoli e Pompei, Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Naples, Italy ;Liuzza, V.; Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell’Ambiente e delle Risorse, Università di Napoli Federico II, Largo S. Marcellino 10, 80138 Naples, Italy ;Ruello, M. R.; Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell’Ambiente e delle Risorse, Università di Napoli Federico II, Largo S. Marcellino 10, 80138 Naples, Italy ;Schiano di Cola, C.; Soprintendenza Speciale ai Beni Archeologici di Napoli e Pompei, Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Naples, Italy; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; New data on the ancient landscape of Naples (southern Italy) during the middle and late Holocene from geo-archaeological excavations associated with public transport works were used to reconstruct the hill and coastal environment to the west of the ancient Graeco-Roman polis, where remains of human settlements date to the late Neolithic. The rich stratigraphic and archaeological records that emerged from the digs and from previous boreholes were measured and analysed by combining sedimentary facies analysis, tephrostratigraphy and archaeological data. Between the 5th and 4th millennia BP, a rocky profile with a wave-cut platform cutting across pyroclastites emplaced from the surrounding volcanoes was predominant in the coastal landscape. During the 3rd millennium BP, this rocky coast was progressively replaced by a sandy littoral environment primarily due to marine deposition, with a coastline located some hundred meters inland with respect to the modern one. The sedimentary record of the Greek and Roman periods indicates short-term fluctuations of the coastline, leading to the establishment of a backshore environment towards the end of the 6th century AD, when prograding river mouths and lobes of debris flows contributed to the advancing trend of the shoreline. The frequent archaeological remains from these periods indicate a stable settled area since Roman times. The shoreline was still subject to short-lived fluctuations between the 12th and 16th centuries, and attained its present position during the modern era with man-made reshaping of its profile. The construction of Relative Sea Level curves for two coastal sites reveals that the persistence of the foreshore environment in the Naples coastal strip during the 5th and 4th millennia BP was controlled by the counterbalancing effect of either the concurrent eustatic sea level rise or subsidence. On the other hand, the morpho-stratigraphic record for the last two millennia shows a significant correlation between sedimentation rate and settlement history, accounting for the dominant role of the anthropogenic forcing-factor in late Holocene landscape history. In particular, land mismanagement during Late Antiquity seems to have triggered a slope disequilibrium phase, exacerbating soil erosion and increasing the sediment accumulation rate in both foothill and coastal areas. Nonetheless, the environmental changes of the Chiaia coast during the last 2000 years clearly show volcanicetectonic perturbations influencing coastline development up to the modern era.237 33 - PublicationRestrictedMillennial variability of rates of sea-level rise in the ancient harbour of Naples (Italy, western Mediterranean Sea)(2020)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;We reconstructed the late Holocene relative sea-level (RSL) evolution of the ancient harbour of Naples, one of the largest coastal conurbations in the Mediterranean. We carried out multiproxy investigations, coupling archaeological evidence with biological indicators. Our data robustly constrain 2000 yr of non-monotonic changes in sea level, chiefly controlled by the complex volcano-tectonic processes that characterize the area. Between ∼200 BC and AD ∼0, a subsidence rate of more than ∼1.5 mm/yr enhanced the postglacial RSL rise, while negligible or moderate land uplift < ∼0.5 mm/yr triggered a RSL stabilization during the Roman period (first five centuries AD). This stabilization was followed by a post-Roman enhancement of the sea-level rise when ground motion was negative, attested by a subsidence rate of ∼0.5 to ∼1 mm/yr. Our analysis seems to indicate very minor impacts of this nonmonotonic RSL evolution on the activities of the ancient harbour of Naples, which peaked from the third century BC to the second century AD. After this period, the progressive silting of the harbour basin made it impossible to safely navigate within the basin, leading to the progressive decline of the harbour.469 6 - PublicationRestrictedThe Afragola settlement near Vesuvius, Italy: The destruction and abandonment of a Bronze Age village revealed by archaeology, volcanology and rock-magnetism(2009)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Di Vito, M. A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Zanella, E.; Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Torino ;Gurioli, L.; Department of Geology & Geophysics, University of Hawaii ;Lanza, L.; Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Torino ;Sulpizio, R.; CIRISIVU, c/o Dipartimento Geomineralogico, Universita' di Bari ;Bishop, J.; CAL srl, Brescia ;Tema, E.; Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Torino ;Boenzi, G.; Soprintendenza per i Beni Archeologici di Napoli e Caserta, Napoli ;Laforgia, E.; Soprintendenza per i Beni Archeologici di Napoli e Caserta, Napoli; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Public works in progress in the Campanian plain north of Somma-Vesuvius recently encountered the remains of a prehistoric settlement close to the town of Afragola. Rescue excavations brought to light a Bronze Age village partially destroyed and buried by pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) of the Vesuvian Pomici di Avellino eruption (3.8 14C ka BP) and subsequently sealed by alluvial deposits. Volcanological and rockmagnetic investigations supplemented the excavations. Careful comparison between volcanological and archaeological stratigraphies led to an understanding of the timing of the damage the buildings suffered when they were struck by a series of PDCs. The first engulfed the village, located some 14 km to the north of the inferred vent, and penetrated into the dwellings without causing major damage. The buildings were able to withstand the weak dynamic pressure of the currents and deviate their path, as shown by the magnetic fabric analyses. Some later collapsed under the load of the deposits piled up by successive currents. Stepwise demagnetization of the thermal remanent magnetization (TRM) carried by potsherds embedded in the deposits yields deposition temperatures in the order of 260– 320 °C, fully consistent with those derived from pottery and lithic fragments from other distal and proximal sites. The fairly uniform temperature of the deposits is here ascribed to the lack of pervasive air entrainment into the currents. This, in turn, resulted from the lack of major topographical obstacles along the flat plain. The coupling of structural damage and sedimentological analyses indicates that the currents were not destructive in the Afragola area, but TRM data indicate they were still hot enough to cause death or severe injury to humans and animals. The successful escape of the entire population is apparent from the lack of human remains and from thousands of human footprints on the surface of the deposits left by the first PDCs. People were thus able to walk barefoot across the already emplaced deposits and escape the subsequent PDCs. The rapid cooling of the deposits was probably due to both their thinness and heat dissipation due to condensation of water vapour released in the mixture by magma–water interaction.281 32