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Corselli, Cesare
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Corselli, Cesare
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- PublicationRestrictedSimulations of ecosystem response during the sapropel S1 deposition event(2006)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Bianchi, D.; Universita` di Bologna, Centro Interdipartimentale per la Ricerca sulle Scienze Ambientali, Via S. Alberto 163, 48100 Ravenna, Italy ;Zavatarelli, M.; Universita` di Bologna, Centro Interdipartimentale per la Ricerca sulle Scienze Ambientali, Via S. Alberto 163, 48100 Ravenna, Italy ;Pinardi, N.; Universita` di Bologna, Centro Interdipartimentale per la Ricerca sulle Scienze Ambientali, Via S. Alberto 163, 48100 Ravenna, Italy ;Capozzi, R.; Universita` di Bologna, Centro Interdipartimentale per la Ricerca sulle Scienze Ambientali, Via S. Alberto 163, 48100 Ravenna, Italy ;Capotondi, L.; ISMAR, Istituto di Scienze del Mare, C.N.R., Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy ;Corselli, C.; Universita` di Milano-Bicocca Dipartimento di Scienze Geologiche e Geotecnologiche, Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126 Milan, Italy ;Masina, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia; ; ; ; ; ; A one-dimensional ecosystem numerical model is used to simulate the ecosystem changes that could have occurred in the open ocean areas of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea during the Climatic Optimum interval (9500–6000 B.P., Mercone et al. [Mercone, D., Thomson, J., Croudace, I.W., Siani, G., Paterne, M., Troelstra, S., 2000. Duration of S1, the most recent sapropel in the eastern Mediterranean Sea, as indicated by accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon and geochemical evidence. Paleoceanography 15, 336–347]). In this period the S1 sapropel was deposited. S1 is the most recent sapropel in the succession of organic carbon-rich layers intercalated in normal Neogene sedimentary sequences. Different theories have been invoked in order to explain the deposition of this peculiar layer. Our simulations seem to indicate that the modified thermohaline circulation, supplying oxygen only in the first 500 m of the water column, is responsible for the sapropel deposition when higher productivity is allowed in the euphotic zone. The model shows the importance in this process of bacteria that consume oxygen by decomposing the Particulate Organic Matter (POM) produced in the upper water column. The sinking velocity of POM partially regulates the timescale of the occurrence of anoxia at the bottom and in the whole water column, allowing the relatively rapid onset of sapropel deposition.176 24 - PublicationOpen AccessThe exploration of eastern Mediterranean deep hypersaline anoxic basins with MODUS: a significant example of technology spin-off from the Geostar Program(2006-03-20)
; ; ; ; ;Malinverno, E.; CoNISMa L.R.U. – Department of Geological Sciences and Geotechnologies, University of Milano-Bicocca - Piazza della Scienza, 4 – 20126 MILANO, Italy ;Gasparoni, F.; Tecnomare SpA - San Marco, 3584 – 30124 VENEZIA, Italy ;Gerber, H. W.; TFH Berlin, University of Applied Sciences - Luxemburger Str. 10 – D-13353 BERLIN, Germany ;Corselli, C.; CoNISMa L.R.U. – Department of Geological Sciences and Geotechnologies, University of Milano-Bicocca - Piazza della Scienza, 4 – 20126 MILANO, Italy; ; ; A significant example of technological spin-off from the GEOSTAR project is represented by the special-purpose instrumented module, based on the deep-sea ROV MODUS, which was developed in the framework of the EU-sponsored project BIODEEP. The goal to be achieved has been defined as the exploration, through real-time video images, measurements and accurate video-guided sampling, of the deep hypersaline anoxic basins of the eastern Mediterranean Sea at water depths well exceeding 3000 meters. Due to their peculiar characteristics, these basins are one of the most extreme environments on Earth and represent a site of utmost interest for their geochemical and microbial resources. The paper presents the strategies and the main results achieved during the two cruises carried out within the BIODEEP project.189 190 - PublicationRestrictedDeep-sea survey for the detection of methane at the “Santa Maria di Leuca” cold-water coral mounds (Ionian Sea, South Italy)(2010)
; ; ; ; ; ;Etiope, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia ;Savini, A.; ULR CoNISMa-Department of Geological Sciences and Geotechnologies–University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 4, 20126 Milano, Italy ;Lo Bue, N.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia ;Favali, P.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia ;Corselli, C.; ULR CoNISMa-Department of Geological Sciences and Geotechnologies–University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 4, 20126 Milano, Italy; ; ; ; The “Santa Maria di Leuca” Cold-Water Coral (CWC) province (northern Ionian Sea) was investigated for the first time to detect eventual occurrence of methane anomalies as a possible indication of hydrocarbon seepage stimulating the coral growth. Most coral mounds have developed in correspondence with tectonic scarps and faults, orthogonal to the southern margin and trending NW-SE, which could be potential sites of gas escape. A visual and instrumental inspection was performed by using a new deep-sea probe equipped with video-cameras, sonar, CTD, methane sensors, and a water sampler. Eight areas were explored by 10 surveys, depths ranging from 380 to 1100 m, for a total of more than 26 h of continuous video and instrumental recording. Sediments were also sampled by gravity corers and analysed in laboratory. The images allowed to assess distribution, abundance and geometry of the colonies, most of which are developed on morphological highs often characterised by tectonic scarps. All data indicate however the lack of a significant occurrence of methane, both in seawater and sediments. No direct or indirect expressions of gas seepage were recognised on the seabed. Weak methane anomalies were detected only in seawater at the base of some fault-linked scarps, where more reducing conditions and bacterial methanogenesis are possibly enhanced by less water circulation. The faults are not fluid-bearing as previously suggested by high-resolution geophysical signatures. The development of the coral colonies thus cannot be attributed to seeping fluids, but to a favourable physiographic position with exposure to nutrient-rich currents.371 39 - PublicationOpen AccessParticle fluxes in the deep Eastern Mediterranean basins: the role of ocean vertical velocities(2009)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Patara, L.; Centro Euro-Mediterraneo per i Cambiamenti Climatici (CMCC) Viale Aldo Moro, 44, 40127 Bologna ;Pinardi, N.; Laboratorio SINCEM, Università di Bologna, Via San Alberto 163, 48100 Ravenna ;Corselli, C.; Dipartimento di Scienze Geologiche e Geotecnologie, Universit`a Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 4, 20126 Milan, Italy ;Malinverno, E.; Dipartimento di Scienze Geologiche e Geotecnologie, Universit`a Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 4, 20126 Milan, Italy ;Tonani, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia ;Santoleri, R.; Istituto di Scienze dell’Atmosfera e del Clima – C.N.R., Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy ;Masina, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia; ; ; ; ; ; This paper analyzes the relationship between deep sedimentary fluxes and ocean current vertical velocities in an offshore area of the Ionian Sea, the deepest basin of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Sediment trap data are collected at 500m and 2800m depth in two successive moorings covering the period September 1999–May 2001. A tight coupling is observed between the upper and deep traps and the estimated particle sinking rates are more than 200mday−1. The current vertical velocity field is computed from a 1/16 ×1/16 Ocean General Circulation Model simulation and from the wind stress curl. Current vertical velocities are larger and more variable than Ekman vertical velocities, yet the general patterns are alike. Current vertical velocities are generally smaller than 1mday−1: we therefore exclude a direct effect of downward velocities in determining high sedimentation rates. However we find that upward velocities in the subsurface layers of the water column are positively correlated with deep particle fluxes. We thus hypothesize that upwelling would produce an increase in upper ocean nutrient levels – thus stimulating primary production and grazing – a few weeks before an enhanced vertical flux is found in the sediment traps. High particle sedimentation rates may be attained by means of rapidly sinking fecal pellets produced by gelatinous macro-zooplankton. Other sedimentation mechanisms, such as dust deposition, are also considered in explaining large pulses of deep particle fluxes. The fast sinking rates estimated in this study might be an evi- Correspondence to: L. Patara (patara@bo.ingv.it) dence of the efficiency of the biological pump in sequestering organic carbon from the surface layers of the deep Eastern Mediterranean basins.196 118 - PublicationRestrictedCombined Sr-Nd isotopic and geochemical fingerprinting as a tool for identifying tephra layers: Application to deep-sea cores from Eastern Mediterranean Sea(2016)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Tephra layers from six deep-sea cores, recovered between the Ionian and the Aegean Seas, and covering a time span between ~ 102 and ~ 8.2 ka BP, were investigated with the aim of identifying their volcanic source. The stratigraphic position of each tephra layer defined by means of nannofossil biostratigraphy and occurrence of sapropel layers was integrated with a thorough geochemical characterization of glass shards based on major oxides and trace elements content, and Sr-Nd isotope ratios. Major oxides composition permitted their subdivision into three groups (K-trachyte, peralkaline rhyolite, andesite), confirmed by Principal Component Analysis on trace elements data. Primordial mantle-normalized trace elements distribution patterns allowed for precise identification of the geochemical affinity and geodynamical setting of each group. Although the Sr isotopic composition of some investigated tephras was deeply affected by seawater alteration as expected, the 143Nd/144Nd values discriminate well the three groups of tephras in combination with major oxides and trace elements data. Therefore, La/Yb and Th/Y vs. 143Nd/144Nd discrimination diagrams are proposed for identification of potential volcanic sources active in the 102–8.2 ka BP time span in the Eastern Mediterranean area for unknown tephras.The obtained results have permitted the attribution of six K-trachytic tephras to the Y-5 stratigraphic marker (Campanian Ignimbrite eruption of Campi Flegrei, Southern Italy, ~ 39 ka BP), and two pantelleritic (= peralkaline rhyolite) tephras to the Y-6 stratigraphic marker (Green Tuff eruption of Pantelleria Island, Sicily Channel, ~ 46 ka BP). The andesitic tephra, stratigraphically constrained between ~ 39 and ~ 83–102 ka BP, might correspond to the X-1 stratigraphic marker, found in several deep-sea cores of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, although its attribution is still debated in the literature. On the basis of trace elements content, supported by Sr-Nd isotopic features, it is here hypothesized that this tephra could be related to a volcanic source located in the Aegean Sea area, probably the island of Santorini. More generally, this study demonstrates that the combination of Sr-Nd isotopic with major oxide and trace element geochemical fingerprinting on selected and purified glass shards is a very effective tool for identifying nature and source of doubtful tephra layers.148 1 - PublicationOpen AccessEvidence of mud diapirism and coral colonies in the ionian sea (central mediterranean) from high resolution chirp sonar survey(2006-03-20)
; ; ; ;Fusi, N.; Dept. of Geological Sciences and Geotechnologies – Milano-Bicocca University ;Savini, A.; Dept. of Geological Sciences and Geotechnologies – Milano-Bicocca University ;Corselli, C.; Dept. of Geological Sciences and Geotechnologies – Milano-Bicocca University; ; A chirp sonar survey in the Ionian Sea investigated the Calabrian margin, the Calabrian accretionary wedge, the Taranto Trench and the Apulian foreland. Shallow tectonics structures have been related to deeper ones, recognised on CROP seismic profiles. The identified echo characters have been compared with those described in the modern literature and have been related to different kinds of sediments, on the basis of core samples. Based on echo character and morphology we have recognised: 1) A widespread presence of mounds, up to 50 m high, occurring on the Apulian plateau as isolated mounds in the deepest zones (1600-800 m) and in groups in the shallower ones (800-600 m); they have been interpreted as coral mounds, according to a recent discovery of living deep water coral colonies in this zone. 2) Some mud diapirs, isolated or in groups of two or three elements, widespread in the whole study area. In analogy of what has been observed on the Mediterranean Ridge, their presence suggests the activity of deep tectonic structures (thrusts and faults) and a reduced thickness (or absence) of Messinian evaporites in this part of the Ionian Sea.246 708 - PublicationRestrictedShallow seep-related seafloor features along the Malta plateau (Sicily channel – Mediterranean Sea): Morphologies and geo-environmental control of their distribution(2009-11)
; ; ; ; ; ;Savini, A.; Dip. Scienze Geologiche e Geotecnologie, Universita` di Milano-Bicocca, P.za della Scienza 4, 20126 Milano, Italy ;Malinverno, E.; Dip. Scienze Geologiche e Geotecnologie, Universita` di Milano-Bicocca, P.za della Scienza 4, 20126 Milano, Italy ;Etiope, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia ;Tessarolo, C.; Dip. Scienze Geologiche e Geotecnologie, Universita` di Milano-Bicocca, P.za della Scienza 4, 20126 Milano, Italy ;Corselli, C.; Dip. Scienze Geologiche e Geotecnologie, Universita` di Milano-Bicocca, P.za della Scienza 4, 20126 Milano, Italy; ; ; ; Between 140 and 170 m water depth, more than 100 small-scale domes and peculiar ridges were mapped a few miles offshore of south-eastern Sicily along the Malta plateau (eastern Mediterranean Sea), Swath bathymetric data along with a dense grid of side scan sonar and seismic profiles were acquired in an area extending over 100 km2. Gravity cores, water samples and video observations were also collected at selected sites. Mapped domes were found from 50 to 200 m wide and no more than 5 m high occurring on the seafloor, isolated or arranged in clusters. Ridges consisted of large tabular sub-elongated structures, elevated from 5 to 10 m from the surrounding seafloor, and had flat tops on which numerous closeset, small cones occurred, appearing in video observation as carbonate buildings strongly colonized by gorgonians. Characteristic acoustic signatures (i.e. blank areas and/or turbidity zones and enhanced reflections in seismic records), measured gas anomalies in seawater samples and detected plumes on echosounder profiles suggest that both the domes and ridges are influenced by active seeps. In addition, their spatial distribution reflected patterns of tectonic lineaments produced by the late Miocene to present-day geo-dynamic evolution of the Malta plateau, which is also an important hydrocarbon province. Results from gravity cores suggest that mud extrusion seems to be the main process responsible for the origin of the domes, which are formed by gray mud with only a few centimeters of biogenic sand at the top, indicating that recent bioclastic material is not a major contributor to mound building. However, at present, active degassing appears to be the main process that controls the morphological and sedimentological expression of both the domes and ridges. Therefore, a quiescent or intermittent active stage for mud extrusion is considered.273 48