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Toutain, J. P.
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Toutain, J. P.
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- PublicationRestrictedA new collector for sampling volcanic aerosols(2003)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Toutain, J. P.; Observatoire Midi-Pyre¤ne¤es, LMTG, Ge¤ochimie des Interactions Crustales, 38 rue des 36 Ponts, F-31400 Toulouse, France ;Sortino, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Reynier, B.; Observatoire Midi-Pyre¤ne¤es, LMTG, Ge¤ochimie des Interactions Crustales, 38 rue des 36 Ponts, F-31400 Toulouse, France ;Dupre, B.; Observatoire Midi-Pyre¤ne¤es, LMTG, Ge¤ochimie des Interactions Crustales, 38 rue des 36 Ponts, F-31400 Toulouse, France ;Munoz, M.; Observatoire Midi-Pyre¤ne¤es, LMTG, Ge¤ochimie des Interactions Crustales, 38 rue des 36 Ponts, F-31400 Toulouse, France ;Nonell, A.; Observatoire Midi-Pyre¤ne¤es, LMTG, Ge¤ochimie des Interactions Crustales, 38 rue des 36 Ponts, F-31400 Toulouse, France ;Polve, M.; Observatoire Midi-Pyre¤ne¤es, LMTG, Ge¤ochimie des Interactions Crustales, 38 rue des 36 Ponts, F-31400 Toulouse, France ;Chancha Do Vale, S.; Laboratoire de Geologie, Ecole Normale Superieure, F-75000 Paris, France; ; ; ; ; ; ; A new apparatus, Venturi Effect System (VES), designed for sampling volcanic plumes is described and tested at Vulcano (Italy). This device, together with purified basic NH4OH solutions, supplies optimal conditions to obtain reliable Stotal/Cl/F ratios and enrichment factors for metallic trace elements (MTE). Good concordance for acid gas ratios and metal enrichment factors in both the gas phase and the related plume allows the procedure to be validated. The VES appears in Vulcano conditions as a simple, robust and easily portable apparatus that allows reliable collection of both acid gases and MTE within a single sample and the analysis with current chemical methods (High Pressure Liquid Chromatography, Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry. This apparatus may be suitable for more difficult volcanoes where only the plume can be sampled.388 76 - PublicationOpen AccessMercury emissions and stable isotopic compositions at Vulcano Island (Italy)(2009-01)
; ; ; ; ; ;Zambardi, T.; Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées - Laboratoire des Mécanismes et Transferts en Géologie, UMR 5563 – CNRS/IRD/UPS Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France ;Sonke, J. E.; Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées - Laboratoire des Mécanismes et Transferts en Géologie, UMR 5563 – CNRS/IRD/UPS Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France ;Toutain, J. P.; Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées - Laboratoire des Mécanismes et Transferts en Géologie, UMR 5563 – CNRS/IRD/UPS Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France ;Sortino, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Shinohara, H.; Geological Survey of Japan, AIST - Tsukuba, Japan; ; ; ; Sampling and analyses methods for determining the stable isotopic compositions of Hg in an active volcanic system were tested and optimized at the volcanic complex of Vulcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy). Condensed gaseous fumarole Hg(fum) T , plume gaseous elemental Hg(g) 0 and plume particulate Hg(p) II were obtained at fumaroles F0, F5, F11, and FA. The average total Hg emissions, based on HgT/SO2 in condensed fumarolic gases and plumes, range from 2.5 to 10.1 kg y−1, in agreement with published values [Ferrara, R., Mazzolai, B., Lanzillotta, E., Nucaro, E., Pirrone, N., 2000. Volcanoes as emission sources of atmospheric mercury in the Mediterranean Basin. Sci. Total Environ. 259(1–3), 115–121; Aiuppa, A., Bagnato, E., Witt, M.L.I., Mather, T.A., Parello, F., Pyle, D.M., Martin, R.S., 2007. Real-time simultaneous detection of volcanic Hg and SO2 at La Fossa Crater, Vulcano (Aeolian Islands, Sicily). Geophys. Res. Lett. 34(L21307).]. Plume Hg(p) II increases with distance from the fumarole vent, at the expense of Hg(g) 0 and indicates significant in-plume oxidation and condensation of fumarole Hg(fum) T . Relative to the NIST SRM3133 Hg standard, the stable isotopic compositions of Hg are δ202Hg(fum) T =−0.74‰±0.18 (2SD, n=4) for condensed gaseous fumarole Hg(fum) T , δ202Hg(g) 0 =−1.74‰±0.36 (2SD, n=1) for plume gaseous elemental Hg(g) 0 at the F0 fumarole, and δ202Hg(p) II =−0.11‰±0.18 (2SD, n=4) for plume particulate Hg(p) II . The enrichment of Hg(p) II in the heavy isotopes and Hg(g) 0 in the light isotopes relative to the total condensed fumarolic Hg(fum) T gas complements the speciation data and demonstrates a gas-particle fractionation occurring after the gas expulsion inambient T° atmosphere. A first order Rayleigh equilibriumcondensation isotope fractionation model yields a fractionation factor αcond-gas of 1.00135±0.00058.226 706 - PublicationRestrictedStructure and CO2 budget of Merapi volcano during inter-eruptive periods(2009-02-19)
; ; ; ; ; ; ;Toutain, J. P.; Université de Toulouse; UPS (OMP); LMTG, ;Sortino, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Baubron, J. C.; JcbConsulting ;Richon, P.; CEA, DIF, Service Radiochimie Chimie Environnemen ;Surono; DVGHM ;Sumarti, S.; MVO – Merapi Volcanological Observatory; ; ;; ; Abstract Soil temperature and gas (CO2 concentration and flux) have been investigated at Merapi volcano (Indonesia) during two inter-eruptive periods (2002 and 2007). Precise imaging of the summit crater and the spatial pattern of diffuse degassing along a gas traverse on the southern slope are interpreted in terms of summit structure and major caldera organization. The summit area is characterized by decreasing CO2 concentrations with distance from the 1932 crater rim, down to atmospheric levels at the base of the terminal cone. Similar patterns are measured on any transect down the slopes of the cone. The spatial distribution of soil gas anomalies suggests that soil degassing is controlled by structures identified as concentric historical caldera rims (1932, 1872, and 1768), which have undergone severe hydrothermal self-sealing processes that dramatically lower the permeability and porosity of soils. Temperature and CO2 flux measurements in soils near the dome display heterogeneous distributions which are consistent with a fracture network identified by previous geophysical studies. These data support the idea that the summit is made of isolated and mobile blocks, whose boundaries are either sealed by depositional processes or282 34 - PublicationRestrictedA new method for sampling fumarolic gases: analysis of major, minor and metallic trace elements with ammonia solutions(2006)
; ; ; ; ; ; ;Sortino, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia ;Nonell, A.; Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire des Mécanismes et Transferts en Géologie, France ;Toutain, J. P.; Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire des Mécanismes et Transferts en Géologie, France ;Munoz, M.; Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire des Mécanismes et Transferts en Géologie, France ;Valladon, M.; Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire des Mécanismes et Transferts en Géologie, France ;Volpicelli, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Palermo, Palermo, Italia; ; ; ; ; A new method using ammonia solutions in pre-evacuated quartz bottles has been experimented for volcanic gas sampling and analysing. Various tests (reproducibility, variability and comparison with known methods such as NaOH pre-evacuated bottles and acid condensates) have been performed to check for their efficiency. By using ammonia solutions, acid gases (St, HCl, HF), carbon dioxide, noncondensible gases (N2, Ar, …) and metallic trace elements (MTE) can be measured with standard methods (HPLC, GC, titrimetry, ICP-MS). Results showthat acid gases, CO2 and noncondensible gases are sampled and analysedwith similar efficiency inNH4OHbottles than by using the known and accurate NaOH method.Moreover, a key point is that NH4OH solutions, after undergoing adequate processing (oxidation and acidification) allow also precise MTE measurements by using standard ICP-MS methods. Such MTE measurements appear much more reliable than those performed on acid condensates. Pre-evacuated ammonia bottles appear therefore as an optimum tool to collect volcanic gases and to obtain their complete chemical composition.258 34