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Berryman, K.
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- PublicationRestrictedDevelopment of the Global Earthquake Model’s neotectonic fault database(2015-06)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Christophersen, A.; GNS Science, Lower Hutt, New Zealand ;Litchfield, N.; GNS Science, Lower Hutt, New Zealand ;Berryman, K.; GNS Science, Lower Hutt, New Zealand ;Thomas, R.; GNS Science, Lower Hutt, New Zealand ;Basili, R.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Wallace, L.; The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA ;Ries, W.; GNS Science, Lower Hutt, New Zealand ;Hayes, G. P.; USGS, Golden, CO, USA ;Haller, K. M.; USGS, Golden, CO, USA ;Yoshioka, T.; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan ;Koehler, R. D.; State of Alaska, Geological and Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, AK, USA ;Clark, D.; Geoscience Australia, Canberra, Australia ;Wolfson-Schwehr, M.; Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA ;Boettcher, M. S.; Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA ;Villamor, P.; GNS Science, Lower Hutt, New Zealand ;Horspool, N.; GNS Science, Lower Hutt, New Zealand ;Ornthammarath, T.; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand ;Zuñiga, R.; Centro de Geociencias, UNAM, Juriquilla, Queretaro, Mexico ;Langridge, R. M.; GNS Science, Lower Hutt, New Zealand ;Stirling, M. W.; GNS Science, Lower Hutt, New Zealand ;Goded, T.; GNS Science, Lower Hutt, New Zealand ;Costa, C.; Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina ;Yeats, R.; Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; The Global Earthquake Model (GEM) aims to develop uniform, openly available, standards, datasets and tools for worldwide seismic risk assessment through global collaboration, transparent communication and adapting state-of-the-art science. GEM Faulted Earth (GFE) is one of GEM’s global hazard module projects. This paper describes GFE’s development of a modern neotectonic fault database and a unique graphical interface for the compilation of new fault data. A key design principle is that of an electronic field notebook for capturing observations a geologist would make about a fault. The database is designed to accommodate abundant as well as sparse fault obser- vations. It features two layers, one for capturing neotectonic faults and fold observations, and the other to calculate potential earthquake fault sources from the observations. In order to test the flexibility of the database structure and to start a global compilation, five preexisting databases have been uploaded to the first layer and two to the second. In addition, the GFE project has characterised the world’s approximately 55,000 km of subduction interfaces in a globally consistent manner as a basis for generating earthquake event sets for inclusion in earthquake hazard and risk modelling. Following the subduction interface fault schema and including the trace attributes of the GFE database schema, the 2500-km-long frontal thrust fault system of the Himalaya has also been characterised. We propose the database structure to be used widely, so that neotectonic fault data can make a more complete and beneficial contribution to seismic hazard and risk characterisation globally.346 57 - PublicationOpen AccessPaleoseismology and slip rate of the Conway Segment of the Hope Faultat Greenburn Stream, South Island, New Zealand(2003)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Langridge, R.; Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences, Lower Hutt, New Zealand ;Campbell, J.; Department of Geological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand ;Hill, N.; Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences, Lower Hutt, New Zealand ;Pere, V.; Department of Geological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand ;Pope, J.; Department of Geological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand ;Pettinga, J.; Department of Geological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand ;Estrada, B.; Department of Geological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand ;Berryman, K.; Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences, Lower Hutt, New Zealand; ; ; ; ; ; ; The Conway Segment of the dextral-slip Hope Fault is one of the fastest slipping fault segments along New Zealand s plate boundary, but has not ruptured co-seismically in the historic period and little paleoseismic data exist to constrain its large earthquake record. Two paleoseismic trenches were opened adjacent to Greenburn Stream near Kaikoura for the 2001 ILP Paleoseismology Conference. Both trenches were excavated into deposits ponded against an uphill-facing shutter scarp. Trench 1, dug through a cobbly soil and surface deposit was dominated by a thick fan/fluvial sequence that was radiocarbon dated at 4409 ± 60 C14 years BP (4844-5288 cal years BP) at the base of the trench. This trench exhibited evidence of complex deformation from many paleoseismic events. The most recent earthquakes are difficult to constrain due to a lack of cover stratigraphy on the fan deposits. However, the modern soil appears to be faulted and is covered by cobbles with a weathering rind-derived age of 220 ± 60 years. Trench 2, dug ?? 50 m to the west has an expanded sequence of the younger cover deposits. Paleoseismic event horizons have been recognised from the combined evidence of upwardterminating faults, offset and mismatched units, a sandblow deposit, and abrupt landscape change shown by the burial of paleosol surfaces that form the event horizons. Two paleosols underlying the modern soil are clearly faulted by two separate rupture events. A dome of sand interpreted as a liquefaction sandblow deposit overlies the lower paleosol (event horizon). Both paleosols are overlain by metre-thick debris deposits, interpreted as earthquake-induced rock avalanches that cascaded off the hillslope following Mw 7 + events. Four radiocarbon dates place some constraints on the timing of the three recent surface-rupturing events. The youngest and lowest date is 548 ± 60 C14 years BP (504-656 cal years BP) and occurs below the lower paleosol. It constrains the maximum duration of time in which the last 2 earthquake events occurred to be 545 years (1295-1840 A.D.). This is consistent with the average Recurrence Interval (RI) of 180-310 years that we determine using two independent paths. The soil record indicates that each event is separated by a significant period of time, comparable to the calculated RI. The most recent event is constrained between ca. 1780 A.D. ± 60 years, taking into account the dates from these trenches, a weathering rind age, and from stratigraphic correlation at the site. Event III probably occurred before 1220 A.D. A maximum dextral slip rate of 23 ± 4 mm/yr is calculated from the minimum fan age and the offset/deflection of a stream channel along the shutter ridge. In concert with the estimate of single event displacement (5-6 m), these results show that the Conway Segment of the Hope Fault is fast-slipping and has ruptured regularly as a result of large earthquakes prior to the European colonisation of New Zealand.384 2783