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Pross, J.
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Pross, J.
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- PublicationRestrictedVolcanic ash layers illuminate the resilience of Neanderthals and early modern humans to natural hazards(2012-08)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Lowe, J.; Department of Geography, Royal Holloway University of London ;Barton, N.; Institute of Archaeology, Oxford University, ;Blockley, S.; Department of Geography, Royal Holloway University of London ;Ramsey, C. B.; Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, Oxford University, ;Cullen, V. L.; Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, Oxford University, ;Davies, W.; Archaeology Department, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre ;Gamble, C.; Archaeology Department, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre ;Grant, K.; School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, ;Hardiman, M.; Department of Geography, Royal Holloway University of London, ;Housley, R.; Department of Geography, Royal Holloway University of London, ;Lane, C. S.; Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, Oxford University, ;Lee, S.; Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, Oxford University, ;Lewis, M.; Palaeontology Department, Natural History Museum, London ;MacLeod, A.; Department of Geography, Royal Holloway University of London, ;Menzies, M. A.; gDepartment of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London ;Muller, W.; gDepartment of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London ;Pollard, M.; Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, Oxford University, ;Price, C.; Institute of Archaeology, Oxford University, ;Roberts, A. P.; Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, ;Rohling, E. J.; School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton ;Satow, C.; Department of Geography, Royal Holloway University of London, ;Smith, V. C.; Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, Oxford University, ;Stringer, C. B.; Palaeontology Department, Natural History Museum, London ;Tomlinson, E. L.; Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London ;White, D.; Institute of Archaeology, Oxford University, ;Albert, P.; Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, ;Arienzo, I.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Barker, G.; McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge ;Boric, D.; Cardiff School of History, Ancient History, Archaeology and Religion, Cardiff University, ;Carandente, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Civetta, L.; Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università Federico II, 80126 Naples, ;Ferrier, C.; De la Préhistoire à l’Actuel: Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie, Préhistoire, Palèoenvironnement, Patrimonie, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5199 Centre National de la Recherche Scienti!que, Université Bordeaux ;Guadelli, J. L.; De la Préhistoire à l’Actuel: Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie, Préhistoire, Palèoenvironnement, Patrimonie, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5199 Centre National de la Recherche Scienti!que, Université Bordeaux ;Karkanas, P.; Ephoreia of Palaeoanthropology–Speleology of Southern Greece, 116 36 Athens, Greece; ;Koumouzelis, M.; Ephoreia of Palaeoanthropology–Speleology of Southern Greece, 116 36 Athens, Greece ;Muller, U.; Institute of Geosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; ;Orsi, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Pross, J.; Institute of Geosciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, ;Rosi, M.; Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Pisa ;Shalamanov-KorobarKorobas, L.; National Institution Museum of Macedonia, ;Sirakov, N.; National Institute of Archaeology and Museum of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences ;Tzedakis, P. C.; Department of Geography, University College London; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Marked changes in human dispersal and development during the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition have been attributed to massive volcanic eruption and/or severe climatic deterioration. We test this concept using records of volcanic ash layers of the Campanian Ignimbrite eruption dated to ca. 40,000 y ago (40 ka B.P.). The distribution of the Campanian Ignimbrite has been enhanced by the discovery of cryptotephra deposits (volcanic ash layers that are not visible to the naked eye) in archaeological cave sequences. They enable us to synchronize archaeological and paleoclimatic records through the period of transition from Neanderthal to the earliest anatomically modern human populations in Europe. Our results con!rm that the combined effects of a major volcanic eruption and severe climatic cooling failed to have lasting impacts on Neanderthals or early modern humans in Europe. We infer that modern humans proved a greater competitive threat to indigenous populations than natural disasters.310 27 - PublicationRestrictedIntegrated stratigraphy of the Oligocene pelagic sequence in the Umbria-Marche basin (northeastern Apennines, Italy): A potential Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the Rupelian/Chattian boundary(2008)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Coccioni, R.; Istituto di Geologia e Centro di Geobiologia dell’Università degli Studi “Carlo Bo,” Campus Scientifi co, Località Crocicchia, 61029 Urbino, Italy ;Marsili, A.; Istituto di Geologia e Centro di Geobiologia dell’Università degli Studi “Carlo Bo,” Campus Scientifi co, Località Crocicchia, 61029 Urbino, Italy ;Montanari, A.; Osservatorio Geologico di Coldigioco, 62020 Frontale di Apiro, Italy - Department of Geology, Carleton College, Northfi eld, Minnesota 55057, USA ;Bellanca, A.; Dipartimento di Chimica e Fisica della Terra ed Applicazioni alle Georisorse e ai Rischi Naturali (CFTA), Via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy ;Neri, R.; Dipartimento di Chimica e Fisica della Terra ed Applicazioni alle Georisorse e ai Rischi Naturali (CFTA), Via Archirafi 36, 90123 Palermo, Italy ;Bice, D. M.; Department of Geosciences, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA - Osservatorio Geologico di Coldigioco, 62020 Frontale di Apiro, Italy ;Brinkhuis, H.; Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Utrecht University, Budapestaan 4, 3584 CD Utrecht, The Netherlands ;Church, N.; Department of Geology, Carleton College, Northfi eld, Minnesota 55057, USA - Osservatorio Geologico di Coldigioco, 62020 Frontale di Apiro, Italy ;Macalady, A.; Department of Geology, Carleton College, Northfi eld, Minnesota 55057, USA - Osservatorio Geologico di Coldigioco, 62020 Frontale di Apiro, Italy ;McDaniel, A.; Department of Geology, Carleton College, Northfi eld, Minnesota 55057, USA - Osservatorio Geologico di Coldigioco, 62020 Frontale di Apiro, Italy ;Deino, A.; Berkeley Geochronology Center, 2453 Ridge Road, Berkeley, California 94709, USA ;Lirer, F.; Istituto Ambiente Marino Costiero (IAMC)–CNR, Calata Porta di Massa, Interno Porto di Napoli, 80123 Napoli, Italy ;Sprovieri, M.; Istituto Ambiente Marino Costiero (IAMC)–CNR, Calata Porta di Massa, Interno Porto di Napoli, 80123 Napoli, Italy ;Maiorano, P.; Dipartimento di Geologia e Geofi sica dell’Università degli Studi di Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy ;Monechi, S.; Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra dell’Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via La Pira 4, 50121 Firenze, Italy ;Nini, C.; Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi (ENI) S.p.A., Exploration and Production Division, Via Emilia 1, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy ;Nocchi, M.; Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra dell’Università, Piazza Università 1, 06100 Perugia, Italy ;Pross, J.; Institut für Geowissenschaften, Johann Wolfgang Goethe–Universität Frankfurt, Senckenberganlage 32-34, D-60054 Frankfurt, Germany ;Rochette, P.; Université d’Aix Marseille 3, UMR CNRS 6635, CEREGE Europole de l’Arbois BP80 13545 Aix en Provence Cedex 4, France ;Sagnotti, L.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia ;Tateo, F.; Istituto di Geoscienze e Georisorse-CNR, c/o Dipartimento di Geologia, Paleontologia e Geofi sica, Via Giotto 1, 35137 Padova, Italy ;Touchard, Y.; Université d’Aix Marseille 3, UMR CNRS 6635, CEREGE Europole de l’Arbois BP80 13545 Aix en Provence Cedex 4, France ;Van Simaeys, S.; Historical Geology, University of Leuven, Redingenstraat 16, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium ;Williams, G. L.; Geological Survey of Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, PO Box 1006, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, B2Y 4A2, Canada; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; The Oligocene represents an important time period from a wide range of perspectives and includes significant climatic and eustatic variations. The pelagic succession of the Umbria-Marche Apennines (central Italy) includes a complete and continuous sequence of marly limestones and marls, with volcaniclastic layers that enable us to construct an integrated stratigraphic framework for this time period. We present here a synthesis of detailed biostratigraphic, magnetostratigraphic, and chemostratigraphic studies, along with geochronologic results from several biotite-rich volcaniclastic layers, which provide the means for an accurate and precise radiometric calibration of the Oligocene time scale. From this study, the interpolated ages for the Rupelian/Chattian stage boundary, located in the upper half of Chron 10n at meter level 188 in the Monte Cagnero section, and corresponding to the O4/O5 planktonic foraminiferal zonal boundary, are 28.36 Ma (paleomagnetic interpolation), 28.27 ± 0.1 Ma (direct radioisotopic dating), and 27.99 Ma (astrochronological interpolation). These ages appear to be slightly younger than those reported in recent chronostratigraphic time scale compilations. The Monte Cagnero section is a potential candidate for defining the Chattian Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) and some reliable criteria are here proposed for marking the Rupelian/Chattian boundary according to International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) recommendations.255 22