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Pino, Nicola Alessandro
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Pino, Nicola Alessandro
Email
alessandro.pino@ingv.it
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staff
ORCID
Scopus Author ID
6603736431
Researcher ID
B-4807-2019
87 results
Now showing 1 - 10 of 87
- PublicationRestrictedHigh-Frequency Ground Motion in the Erzincan Region, Turkey:Inferences from Small Earthquakes(2001-12)
; ; ; ; ; ; ;Akinci, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Malagnini, L.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Hermann, R. B.; Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences ;Pino, N. A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Scognamiglio, L.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione CNT, Roma, Italia ;Eydogan, H.; Geophysical Engineering Department, Mining Faculty; ; ; ; ; Distance scaling of earthquake-induced ground motion is studied in the Erzincan region, located in the eastern part of the North Anatolian Fault zone. The data set used in this study consists of 170 aftershocks of the MS ! 6.8 Erzincan earthquake of 13 March 1992, with moment magnitudes between 1.5 and 4.0. In order to empirically obtain the scaling relationships for the high-frequency S-wave motion, regressions are carried out on 352 horizontal-component short-period seismograms, all recorded within a hypocentral distance of 40 km, to empirically obtain the scaling relationships for the high-frequency S-wave motion. Peak ground velocities are measured in selected narrow-frequency bands, in the frequency range of 1.0–16.0 Hz, and are subsequently regressed to define a piecewise linear attenuation function, a set of excitation terms, and a set of site terms. Results are modeled in the framework of random vibration theory, using a bilinear geometrical spreading function, g(r), characterized by a crossover distance at 25 km: g(r)!r"1.1 is used for r ! 25 km, whereas g(r)!r"0.5 is used for larger distances. An extremely low-quality factor, Q(f ) ! 40(f /f ref)0.45, is used to describe the anelastic crustal attenuation in the region, consistently with the independent results of Akinci and Eyidogan (1996, 2000). Excitation terms are well matched by using a Brune spectral model with stress drop Dr ! 10 MPa (taken from the recent literature, Grosser et al., 1998). An effective high-frequency, distance-independent rolloff spectral parameter, jeff ! 0.02 sec, is obtained in this study. Peak ground acceleration predictions based on these parameters show a much more rapid decrease with distance than the relations usually used in Turkey, indicating that our results should only be applied to the Erzincan region itself.234 35 - PublicationOpen AccessPotential for rupture before eruption at Campi Flegrei caldera, Southern Italy(2023-06-09)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; Volcanoes reawakening after long repose must rupture the crust before magma can erupt. Rupture is preceded by repeatable variations in the rate of seismicity with ground movement, which trace the amount of applied stress that is released by local earthquakes. A rupturing sequence has been developing across four episodes of ground uplift at Italy’s Campi Flegrei caldera: in 1950-1952, 1969-1972, 1982-1984 and since 2004. We predicted in 2016 that the approach to rupture would continue after an additional uplift of 30-40 cm at the location of largest movement. We have updated our analysis with new data on changes in the numbers of local earthquakes with amounts of ground movement. Here we show that subsequent events have confirmed our prediction and that the unrest has been changing the structure of Campi Flegrei’s crust. The results provide new constraints for evaluating the volcano’s potential to erupt or to subside without eruption.276 15 - PublicationOpen AccessUse the data of seismic Risk perception to design educational activities of risk reduction(2016-11-23)
; ; ; ; ;Crescimbene, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;La Longa, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Camassi, R.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia ;Pino, N. A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia; ; ; In the modern society of risk (Beck, 1986), risk reduction education projects and awareness campaigns play a central and relevant role. The last twenty-five years have witnessed a flourishing of studies, research projects, educational experiments and actions to reduce natural risks. Our principal experiences in risk reduction activities, gained in over fifteen years, concerned: - EDURISK, an educational project for risk reduction addressed to schools and teachers. Explicit objective of EDURISK is to promote risk awareness and the active role of citizens in its reduction; therefore, a goal of social change (AA.VV., Pessina and Camassi eds, 2012); - education and psychosocial activities realized with students, teachers and citizens in the post emergencies of L’Aquila in the 2009 (Crescimbene et al. 2010; Moretti et al. 2011) and in the Po Plain earthquake in the 2012 (La Longa, 2013); - training activity for the Civil Protection volunteers involved in the “Io non Rischio” campaign (Postiglione et al., 2016). One of the most relevant problems of all these activities for risk reduction is the assessment process (La Longa, 2008). To have the tools and be able to consider the right variables to understand if the activities put in place produced desired outcomes. We arrived to the conclusion that the process knowledge-awareness-action never occur automatically, within an educational process, but this process must be accompanied in the direction of doing. To facilitate this process, it is necessary to understand better what are the elements and factors that influence it. In this sense, the data collected in recent years, on risk perception may represent good basis to identify the key-points to active the process knowledge-awareness-action. We think that improve risk perception of common people is the first goal to reach to be able to mitigate and reduce seismic risk. In this direction since the year 2013, we built the Seismic Risk Perception Questionnaire (SRP-Q) to investigate risk perception in the Italian citizens. In the last three years we collected over 9,000 questionnaires by web (www.terremototest.it) and in the year 2015 we conducted a Computer Assisted Telephone interview (CATI) on a national statistical sample of over 4,000 people. Our method consists of identify principal variables that influence risk perception scores and use it to design risk reduction activities. We executed an explorative factor analysis (FA) on the seismic risk perception data. These datasets derived by the CATI Survey conducted on an Italian statistical sample (N= 4012) in the first months of 2015. Results of the FA describe for each indicator, considered in the SRP-Q (Crescimbene et al. 2013), some components that explain variability among scores observed and correlated variables, in terms of a potentially lower number of variables called factors. Considering the principal components of each indicator (Hazard, Exposure, Vulnerability, People and Community), we described these components and obtained useful indications to design activities that may improve seismic risk perception. By this method, we think to realize an educational design able to valorise those factors that promote social change for risk reduction. In the near future, we will apply on small groups the training program and the activities and will evaluate if the risk perception scores will be improved.117 83 - PublicationRestrictedPost-seismic relaxation following the 2009 April 6, L’Aquila (Italy), earthquake revealed by the mass position of a broad-band seismometer(2012-06)
; ;Pino, N. A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, ItaliaPost-seismic relaxation is known to occur after large or moderate earthquakes, on time scales ranging from days to years or even decades. In general, long-term deformation following seismic events has been detected by means of standard geodetic measurements, although seismic instruments are only used to estimate short timescale transient processes. Albeit inertial seismic sensors are also sensitive to rotation around their sensitive axes, the recording of very slow inclination of the ground surface at their standard output channels is practically impossible, because of their design characteristics. However, modern force-balance, broad- band seismometers provide the possibility to detect and measure slow surface inclination, through the analysis of the mass position signal. This output channel represents the integral of the broad-band velocity and is generally considered only for state-of-health diagnostics. In fact, the analysis of mass position data recorded at the time of the 2009 April 6, L’Aquila (MW = 6.3) earthquake, by a closely located STS-2 seismometer, evidenced the occurrence of a very low frequency signal, starting right at the time of the seismic event. This waveform is only visible on the horizontal components and is not related to the usual drift coupled with the temperature changes. This analysis suggests that the observed signal is to be ascribed to slowly developing ground inclination at the station site, caused by post-seismic relaxation following the main shock. The observed tilt reached 1.7 × 10−5 rad in about 2 months. This estimate is in very good agreement with the geodetic observations, giving comparable tilt magnitude and direction at the same site. This study represents the first seismic analysis ever for the mass position signal, suggesting useful applications for usually neglected data.189 23 - PublicationOpen AccessSeismic disasters and the demographic perspective: 1968, Belice and 1980, Irpinia-Basilicata (southern Italy) case studies(2020-01)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; One of the challenges on disasters’ understanding is the assessment of impact from a more global perspective, adding to their scenario of injuries, deaths, homeless and economic losses, those effects that are mostly widespread and could last for a long period of time, driving to a serious disruption of a community or a society. Seismic disasters are not just the results of the energy released by the earthquake or buildings’ vulnerability: social, demographic, cultural parameters may instead play a crucial, yet underestimated, role. We carried out a pilot study to investigate the demographic perspective of the impact of 1968 Belice and 1980 Irpinia-Basilicata earthquakes on local communities. The macroseismic MCS intensities were used as a primary parameter upon which the demographic scenario was derived. Population annual growth rates, the ageing index, the child-woman ratio, and the Gini index from the demographic data census of the period 1951-2011 were analyzed to assess population dynamics, age structure evolution and its level of spatial concentration within the disasters’ areas. Demographic data were then matched to macroseismic intensities to outline a new, original analysis which describes the impact of the two seismic disasters with a broad multi-parameter perspective. The results highlight also the existence of a general marginality of most affected areas with respect to the processes of population growth, ageing and fertility, as well as for distribution of the regional population, occurring already before the disasters stroke. This marginality might have enhanced the impact of disasters by significantly increasing vulnerability.767 148 - PublicationOpen AccessSource Complexity of the 6 April 2009 L'Aquila (Central Italy) Earthquake and Its Strongest Aftershock Revealed by Elementary Seismological Analysis(2009-12-08)
; ; ;Pino, N. A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Di Luccio, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia; Seismic recordings are immediately available when an earthquake occurs. Their analysis allows the reconstruction of the rupture dynamics by means of sophisticated techniques, which usually need some tests to provide robust results. However, immediate information on the source kinematics is required in order to imagine the fault location and extent and quickly reconstruct the areas of stress release and subsequent accumulation. Very simple analysis may provide useful information, giving insight in source complexity. Right after the 6 April 2009 L'Aquila earthquake (MW = 6.3), we analyzed the seismograms recorded at broadband and strong motion stations and provided firm constraints on rupture kinematics, slip distribution, and static surface deformation, also discriminating the actual fault plane. The fracture occurred in two stages, with initial updip propagation, successively proceeding toward SE, possibly on a different plane. We also analyzed the strongest aftershock (MW = 5.6), showing that useful indications could be retrieved for lower magnitude events.379 306 - PublicationOpen AccessElementary seismological analysis applied to the April 6, 2009 L'Aquila mainshock and its larger aftershock(2011-09)
; ; ;Di Luccio, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Pino, N. A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia; To understand the source complexity of the April 6, 2009 L’Aquila earthquake (MW = 6.3), a quick seismological analysis is done on the waveforms of the mainshock and the larger aftershock that occurred on April 7, 2009. We prove that a simple waveform analysis gives useful insights into the source complexity, as soon as the seismograms are available after the earthquake occurrence, whereas the reconstruction of the rupture dynamics through the application of sophisticated techniques requires a definitely longer time. We analyzed the seismograms recorded at broadband and strong motion stations and provided firm constraints on rupture kinematics, slip distribution, and static surface deformation, also discriminating the actual fault plane. We found that two distinct rupture patches associated with different fracture propagation directions and possibly occurring on distinct rupture planes, characterized the source kinematics of the April 6 events. An initial updip propagation successively proceeds toward SE, possibly on a different plane. We also show that the same processing, applied to the April 7, 2009 aftershock (MW = 5.6), allows us to obtain useful information also in the case of lower magnitude events. Smaller events with similar location and source mechanism as the mainshock, to be used as Green’s empirical function, occur in the days before or within tens of minutes to a few hours after the mainshock. These quick, preliminary analyses can provide useful constraints for more refined studies, such as inversion of data for imaging the rupture evolution and the slip distribution on the fault plane. We suggest implementing these analyses for real, automatic or semi-automatic, investigations.405 130 - PublicationOpen AccessData on Seismic Risk Perception in Italy(2013-09-16)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Crescimbene, Massimo; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;La Longa, Federica; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Camassi, Romano; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia ;Pino, Nicola Alessandro; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Peruzza, Laura; INOGS - Trieste ;Cerbara, Loredana; CNR - IRPPS, Roma ;Crescimbene, Cristiana; CNR - IRPPS, Roma; ; ; ; ; ; Risks perception involves complex cognitive processes of collecting, selecting and interpreting signals about events, activities or technologies that may have consequences on us, even if they are unpredictable, and their impact is uncertain. In the natural sciences ‘risk’ means the probability distribution of adverse effects, but the everyday use of ‘risk’ has different connotations (Renn, 2008), and the two terms, hazards and risk, are often used interchangeably by the public. Within the social sciences however the terminology of ‘risk perception’ has become the conventional standard (Slovic, 1987). A theory that offers an integrative, as well as empirically valid, approach in understanding and explaining risk perception is still missing. To understand the perception of risk is necessary to consider several areas: social, psychological, cultural frames, and their interactions. Among the various researches in the international context on the perception of natural hazards and risks, the approach using the method of semantic differential seems to be promising (Osgood, C.E., Suci, G., & Tannenbaum, P. 1957, The measurement of meaning. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press). We set up a test on seismic risk perception in Italy, based on the semantic differential. Opposite adjectives or terms are confronted on a Likert’s scale of seven points. The test consists in an informative part and six sections respectively dedicated to: hazard; vulnerability (home and workplace); exposed value (with reference to population and territory); seismic risk in general; risk information and their sources; comparison between seismic risk and other natural hazards. The test allows to obtain the perception scores for seismic hazard, exposed values, and vulnerability; then, these scores can be put in relation with the scientific knowledge, to check awareness and resiliency of the society. The first survey took place in Italy from January to June 2013, in the frame of the activities funded by the DPC-INGV S2 project (https://sites.google.com/site/ingvdpc2012progettos2/). Collected data will be discussed at regional scale. The improvement of our understanding on the perception of seismic risk would allow us in planning more effective information initiatives and in developing specific educational projects for risk mitigation.257 128 - PublicationRestrictedGeodetic and seismologic evidence for slip variability along a blind normal fault in the Umbria-Marche 1997–1998 earthquakes (central Italy)(2003)
; ; ; ; ;De Martini, P. M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Pino, N. A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Valensise, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Mazza, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione CNT, Roma, Italia; ; ; We analysed elevation changes induced by the 1997–1998 Umbria-Marche, central Apennines (Italy) earthquakes. We employed data from a first-order geodetic levelling line measured in 1951, 1992 and 1998. The line bears a record of pre-seismic and coseismic strains associated with the causative fault of the 1997 September 26, 09:40 mainshock (Mw = 6.0). A first level analysis performed under the assumption of slip homogeneity of coseismic slip shows misfits that cannot be reduced simply by altering the fault size and geometry. A more detailed analysis based on a distribution of coseismic slip obtained from broad-band seismograms provides a better fit and is in agreement with 1951–1992 elevation changes interpreted as precursory slip by previous investigators. The levelling data sets new constraints on the location, extent, dip and depth of the fault, in full agreement with seismological evidence and images from SAR interferometry. The data show no evidence for slip in the uppermost 3 km of the crust, suggesting that a major and widely recognized normal fault that exists in the area is no longer active and showing a tendency of present tectonic strains to revert the current topographic setting.298 22 - PublicationOpen AccessDevelopment of a common (European) tool to assess earthquake risk communication(2017-06-12)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; This paper reports work on an on-going EC project called KnowRISK aimed at reducing the seismic risk from non-structural elements in buildings. Specifically it reports work on the development of a European tool to assess the effectiveness of risk communication interventions and awareness raising training with middle and high school children in case study areas in Portugal, Italy and Iceland. It describes the difficulties research teams faced in agreeing a theoretical framework and in devising the survey tool. Although they all agreed it was essential to have a common survey if the findings from the research were to be compared across the three countries, one year into the two-year project two of the teams were moving in different directions. This was significant since some of the pre-intervention surveys had already been conducted. Both theoretical frameworks had merit and each of the questionnaires were capable of assessing the efficacy of the training. However, they were in no way comparable. Finally the paper details how these difficulties were resolved and a common questionnaire was devised that embodied virtues from both surveys. This was then applied in all three countries to provide comparable data, the findings from which will be reported elsewhere.174 267