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Ferrari, Graziano
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Ferrari, Graziano
Email
graziano.ferrari@ingv.it
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staff
ORCID
Scopus Author ID
56241615400
Researcher ID
E-1339-2013
35 results
Now showing 1 - 10 of 35
- PublicationOpen AccessMacroseismic intensity evaluation with the <>(1995-11)
; ; ; ;Ferrari, G.; SGA, Storia Geofisica Ambiente, Bologna, Italy ;Gasperini, P.; Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Universitá di Firenze, Italy ;Guidoboni, E.; SGA, Storia Geofisica Ambiente, Bologna, Italy; ; The use of a macroseismic scale often requires subjective choices and judgments which may produce inhomogeneities and biases in the resulting intensities. To get over this problem it would be necessary to formalize the decision process leading to the estimation of the macroseismic intensity but, on historical records, this is often hindered by the poorness and incompleteness of the aLailable information and by the intrinsical ambiguity of the common language. Moreover. all the intensity scales have always been created and updated to be used <>T. his approach reproduces the taslts performed by the hurnan brain which. taking advantage of the tolerance of imprecision. is able to handle with information bearing only an approximate relation to the data. This allows to understand and make explicit some passes of the evaluation process that are unconsciously followed by the macroseismic exper190 420 - PublicationOpen AccessThe effects of earthquakes in historical cities: the peculiarity of the Italian case(2000-08)
; ; ;Guidoboni, E.; SGA, Storia Geofisica Ambiente, Bologna, Italy ;Ferrari, G.; SGA, Storia Geofisica Ambiente, Bologna, Italy ;Knowledge of the urban seismic scenario raises complex elements for technical and cultural consideration which may improve the analysis of the conservation and restoration of historical buildings and monuments. These elements cover various specialised viewpoints, from historical seismology and the history of architecture and town planning, to engineering and economic and social history. In this paper we have outlined a conceptual framework based on three aspects. First, the definition of seismic disaster which is the result of the interaction between the activity of seismogenetic sources and the characteristics of buildings. The next aspect is the characteristic proper to strong earthquakes as factors of change, sometimes of entire settlements. Thirdly, we have stressed the fact that one must take into consideration the variety of administrative and economic situations in the Italian territory from the fall of the Roman Empire to date as they may have important implications for the analysis of the effects of a large earthquake on the human environment. The demographic impact of earthquakes is historically correlated to the economic condition of the damaged sites. The urbanistic consequences are addressed once the problems concerning the planning of the reconstruction and its accomplishment are solved. Finally, we have tackled the problem of seismic events of a lower destructive level in the art and tourist cities.315 774 - PublicationOpen AccessSeismic scenarios and assessment of intensity: some criteria for the use of the MCS scale(2000-08)
; ; ;Ferrari, G.; SGA, Storia Geofisica Ambiente, Bologna, Italy ;Guidoboni, E.; SGA, Storia Geofisica Ambiente, Bologna, Italy; The macroseismic scale used for the classification of the more than 33100 seismic effects of the Catalogue of Strong Italian Earthquakes (CFTI3) is the Mercalli Cancani Sieberg (MCS). As in all scales, the use of the MCS scale in determining the macroseismic intensity of historical earthquakes involves difficulties regarding the classification of descriptions of a quality nature. These descriptions often lack standardisation as regards levels of information and the semantic value of the statements, and there are also various levels of description of the damage in relation to the various economic and building contexts. As is known, the intensity scales were compiled to classify the effects of earthquakes contemporary to the observers. The scales are therefore classification tools designed to be applied from direct observations. The general criteria used in assessment of the intensity degrees are those of a direct comparison between the descriptive outlines gained from historical research and the descriptions given by the different degrees of the scale. While this is true in a general sense, there are a number of cases where the interpretation may vacillate when the context examined contains no elements of clarification, in relation to the levels of detail of the research or the context. To understand how the many problems connected to the assessment of intensity of seismic scenarios carried out from historical sources have been solved the criteria applied are here described.154 552 - PublicationRestrictedAutomated assessment of macroseismic intensity from written sources using the Fuzzy sets(2015-04-24)
; ; ; ; ; ;Vannucci, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia ;Tripone, D.; Università di Bologna ;Gasperini, P.; Università di Bologna ;Ferrari, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia ;Lolli, B.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia; ; ; ; We apply a computer-aided methodology to assess macroseismic intensity from the descriptions reported by documentary material available for eight Italian earth- quakes occurred around the beginning of the instrumental era. The procedure consists of three phases: (i) the identification of significant macroseismic effects on the sources and their archiving in a georeferenced database, (ii) the association between the effects and the degrees of the intensity scale by the comparison with traditional estimates made by macroseismic experts, (iii) the assessment of intensities using a multi-attribute decision- making algorithm based on the Fuzzy Sets logic. This work represents a substantial im- provement of our previous efforts as we completely redesigned the three phases of the procedure in the light of the experience of the last 10 years and analyzed six further Italian earthquakes so that our database now includes more than 19,000 encoded effects. Our formalized procedure allows to tracing all of the steps of intensity assessment process so that to identify discrepancies with respect to the expert evaluations that might be possibly due to mistakes or to the incomplete account of the available information. Hence, this approach may be useful for providing a systematic and reproducible intensity assessment as well as for supporting standard man-made assessments. The database of effects we have built could also be employed for testing the internal consistency of the macroseismic scale as well as for designing an improved macroseismic scale, based on consistent statistical criteria.411 25 - PublicationOpen AccessDeriving numerical estimates from descriptive information: the computation of earthquake parameters(2000-08)
; ; ;Gasperini, P.; Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Bologna, Italy ;Ferrari, G.; SGA, Storia Geofisica Ambiente, Bologna, Italy; We describe here how the origin time, the epicenter location, the epicentral intensity and the magnitude of the earthquakes included in the Catalogue of Strong Italian Earthquakes (CFTI3) have been determined from the documentary information available. As the literature lacks widely accepted formal definitions for these parameters in the case of macroseismic data, we developed ad hoc procedures that starting from generally shared qualitative statements give reasonable and stable results which can also be useful for statistical analysis. These procedures use all of the information available in the CFTI3 database as much as possible and make use of "robust" estimators in order to minimize the effects of anomalous data. The resulting parametric catalogue has been examined statistically for completeness showing that the great majority of the Italian earthquakes with moment magnitude larger that 5.5-6.0 of the last four centuries are correctly reported in CFTI3.286 960 - PublicationRestrictedA reappraisal of the 1978 Ferruzzano earthquake (southern Italy) from new estimates of hypocenter location and moment tensor inversion(2019)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; The March 11th, 1978 Ferruzzano earthquake is the most recent moderate-to-major earthquake occurred in the southern Calabrian region (southern Italy), one among the highest seismic risk areas of the whole Mediterranean. Previous information available from the literature on the 1978 earthquake is quite contrasting and not well framed in the regional seismotectonic scenario. In the present study we selected and digitized analog seismograms coming from stations of the Euro-Mediterranean region to invert for the deviatoric seismic moment tensor through a time-domain algorithm properly implemented to analyze data recorded before the advent of the digital era. Moreover, we estimated a new hypocentral location by using original bulletin data and a non-linear probabilistic earthquake location technique working with 3D velocity models. The quality and stability of the obtained results, both for hypocenter location and moment tensor inversion, were accurately checked by several inversion tests. Our results indicate that the 1978 earthquake (i) occurred westward and at a shallower depth respect to previous hypocenter locations, (ii) is characterized by a ca. N-S trending normal faulting mechanism and (iii) has a moment magnitude of 4.7, thus suggesting an overestimate of previous evaluations. This study furnishes new information on the 1978 Ferruzzano earthquake allowing to better frame it in the regional seismotectonic scenario and also proves that the time-domain waveform inversion algorithm applied to digitized old seismograms is capable to successfully invert also M w < 5 earthquakes. The obtained results pave the way for future analyses of the early instrumental seismicity potentially capable to furnish new constraints to local and regional seismotectonic modeling.70 3 - PublicationOpen AccessLetters in the Earth Sciences: their historic value and present-day scientific relevance(2002)
; ;Ferrari, G.; SGA Storia Geofisica Ambiente,Bologna,ItalyScientific letters, of great importance in the history of science and scientific instrumentation, have a particular importance for those sectors of earth sciences in which structured observation networks are distributed across the territory, such as seismology, meteorology, geomagnetism and astronomy. It may come as a surprise to know that in the historical scientific letter collections there can be information having a certain scientific novelty. The current scientific relevance for seismology of the content of some historical letters is one of the aspects that most of all motivate an investment into this kind of research, more by the seismologists than by the historians of science. The experiences conducted up until now within the TROMOS project (INGV-SGA)framework have led us to identify the following types of information: description on the effects of seismic events; scientific comments to theories,to publications, etc.; graphs; reproductions of seismograms; news of loans of recordings;information and drawings of instruments, their location and orientation within the observatories.144 283 - PublicationOpen AccessCFTI5Med, the new release of the catalogue of strong earthquakes in Italy and in the Mediterranean area(2019-06)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ; ; ; ; ; A key element for assessing seismic hazard and risk is the availability of a comprehensive dataset on past earthquakes. Here we present the rationale, structure and contents of CFTI5Med ( https://doi.org/10.6092/ingv.it-cfti5 ), the 2018 version of the Catalogue of Strong Earthquakes in Italy: a large multidisciplinary effort including historians, seismologists and geologists. It was conceived in 1989, following the inception of GIS technology, and first published in 1995 to offer a full account of Italy's strongest earthquakes, of their territorial impact and associated social and economic upheaval. Subsequent versions (1997, 2000, 2007) entailed a fine tuning of research methodologies, included additional research on Italian earthquakes, and were extended to large earthquakes of the Mediterranean area. CFTI5Med comprised an opportunity to streamline the structure of the Catalogue database and propose a renovated user interface. The new front-end (1) grants an easier, intuitive access to the data, including earthquake effects on the environment, and (2) allows all data to be displayed jointly with relevant topographic, geological and seismological overlays published as web services.847 19 - PublicationOpen AccessI terremoti dell'Appennino umbro-marchigiano. Area centrale e meridionale dal I secolo a.C. al 2000(2007-09-26)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Bertolaso, G.; Dipartimento Protezione Civile ;Boschi, E.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione AC, Roma, Italia ;Guidoboni, E.; SGA Storia Geofisica Ambiente ;Ferrari, G.; SGA Storia Geofisica Ambiente ;Castenetto, S.; Dipartimento Protezione Civile ;Mariotti, D.; SGA Storia Geofisica Ambiente ;Valensise, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia; ; ;; ; ; 397 1675 - PublicationOpen AccessThe Mallet Project: from an earthquake laboratory to laboratories on the territory(2012-05)
; ;Ferrari, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, ItaliaOn December 16, 1857, an earthquake wreaked havoc across a huge area of the regions of Basilicata and Campania (Val d’Agri and Vallo di Diano). More than 180 villages in an area of over 20,000 km2 suffered very severe damage. More than 6,000 houses collapsed or became uninhabitable, and 19,000 people were killed. In the months of February and March 1858, the Irish engineer Robert Mallet undertook a mission to study the earthquake with a grant from the Royal Society of London. In 1862, he published his extraordinary study diary, in which the technical and scientific observations mingled with descriptive and literary details. This represents, from different angles, a unique ‘observatory’ over the landscape and the social, economic and cultural aspects of Val d’Agri and Vallo di Diano. In 2003, the Provinces of Salerno and Potenza started up a joint venture with the Storia Geofisica Ambiente of Bologna and with the scientific partnership of the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, with a view to setting up provincial laboratories dedicated to environmental education, and named after Robert Mallet. The Mallet Project proceeded up to 2009 on three agreements. Within the framework of the idea of a ‘Mallet Laboratories’ Project, there has been the opportunity to set up a network of study centers in the territories of these two provinces (Salerno and Potenza), which can promote research with great national and international breadth, starting with the world of schools and local communities. The study entitled Viaggio nelle aree del terremoto del 16 dicembre 1857 was published through the period from 2004 to 2009.183 104