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Fedele, Francesco G.
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Fedele, Francesco G.
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- PublicationRestrictedThe Campanian Ignimbrite and Codola tephra layers: Two temporal/stratigraphic markers for the Early Upper Palaeolithic in southern Italy and eastern Europe(2008)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Giaccio, B.; Istituto di Geologia ambientale e Geoingegneria, CNR, Via Bolognola 7, 00138 Rome, Italy ;Isaia, R.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Fedele, F. G.; Laboratorio di Antropologia, Dipartimento delle Scienze biologiche, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Naples, Italy ;Di Canzio, E.; Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Roma “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy ;Hoffecker, J.; Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA ;Ronchitelli, A.; Dipartimento di Archeologia e Storia delle Arti, Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy ;Sinitsyn, A. A.; Institute of the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petersburg, Russia ;Anikovich, M.; Institute of the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petersburg, Russia ;Lisitsyn, S.; Institute of the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petersburg, Russia ;Popov, V. V.; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Tephra layers from archaeological sites in southern Italy and eastern Europe stratigraphically associated with cultural levels containing Early Upper Palaeolithic industry were analysed. The results confirm the occurrence of the Campanian Ignimbrite tephra (CI; ca. 40 cal ka BP) at Castelcivita Cave (southern Italy), Temnata Cave (Bulgaria) and in the Kostenki–Borshchevo area of the Russian Plain. This tephra, originated from the largest eruption of the Phlegrean Field caldera, represents the widest volcanic deposit and one of the most important temporal/stratigraphic markers of western Eurasia. At Paglicci Cave and lesser sites in the Apulia region we recognise a chemically and texturally different tephra, which lithologically, chronologically and chemically matches the physical and chemical characteristics of the Plinian eruption of Codola; a poorly known Late Pleistocene explosive event from the Neapolitan volcanoes, likely Somma–Vesuvius. For this latter, we propose a preliminary age estimate of ca. 33 cal ka BP and a correlation to the widespread C-10 marine tephra of the central Mediterranean. The stratigraphic position of both CI and Codola tephra layers at Castelcivita and Paglicci help date the first and the last documented appearance of Early Upper Palaeolithic industries of southern Italy to ca. 41–40 and 33 cal ka BP, respectively, or between two interstadial oscillations of the Monticchio pollen record – to which the CI and Codola tephras are physically correlated – corresponding to the Greenland interstadials 10–9 and 5. In eastern Europe, the stratigraphic and chronometric data seem to indicate an earlier appearance of the Early Upper Palaeolithic industries, which would predate of two millennia at least the overlying CI tephra. The tephrostratigraphic correlation indicates that in both regions the innovations connected with the so-called Early Upper Palaeolithic – encompassing subsistence strategy and stone tool technology – appeared and evolved during one of the most unstable climatic phases of the Last Glacial period. On this basis, the marked environmental unpredictability characterising this time-span is seen as a potential ecological factor involved in the cultural changes observed.296 68 - PublicationRestrictedThe campanian ignimbrite eruption, heinrich event 4, and palaeolithic change in Europe: A high-resolution investigationThe Campanian Ignimbrite (CI) eruption from the Phlegraean Fields Caldera, southern Italy, represents one of the largest late Quaternary volcanic event. Its recent dating at 39,280±110 yr BP draws attention to the occurrence of this volcanic catastrophe during a time interval characterized by biocultural modifications in western Eurasia. These included the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition and the supposed change from Neandertal to “modern” Homo sapiens anatomy, a subject of continuing investigation and controversy. The paper aims to clarify the position and relevance of the CI event in this context. At several archaeological sites of southeastern Europe, the CI ash separates the cultural layers containing Middle Palaeolithic and/or “Earliest Upper Palaeolithic” assemblages from the layers in which Upper Palaeolithic industries occur. At the same sites the CI tephra coincides with a long interruption of occupation. The palaeclimatic records containing the CI products show that the eruption occurred just at the beginning of Heinrich Event 4 (HE4), which was characterized by extreme climatic conditions, compared to the other HEs. From the observation of this concurrence of factors, we advance the hypothesis of a positive climate-volcanism feedback triggered by the co-occurrence of the CI eruption and HE4 onset. Both the environmental and cultural data available for a c.5000-year interval on either side of the event, suggest that a reappraisal of the identity and destiny of the archaeological industries representing the so-called Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition is in order. This might force a reassessment of the Upper Palaeolithic notion as traditionally employed.
77 5 - PublicationRestrictedPedo-tephrostratigraphic context of Palaeo-Mesolithic occurrences at Frigento, Hirpinia (Campanian Apennine)(2009)
; ; ; ;Fedele, F.; Laboratory of Anthropology University of Naples Federico II ;Giaccio, B.; Istituto di Geologia ambientale e Geoingegneria CNR Roma ;Isaia, R.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia; ; For the first time a stratigraphic framework has been provided for several Palaeolithic and possible Mesolithic occurrences of the Campanian Apennine, on the basis of the numerous manifestations recognized at Frigento (Avellino).179 24 - PublicationOpen AccessL’impatto dell’evento combinato Ignimbrite Campana-Heinrich Event 4 sugli ecosistemi umani europei di 40 ka BP(2007)
; ; ; ;Giaccio, B.; Istituto di Geologia Ambientale e Geoingegneria, CNR, Roma, Italia ;Fedele, F.; Cattedra e Laboratorio di Antropologia, Università di Napoli ‘Federico II’, Napoli, Italia ;Isaia, R.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia; ; Vengono presentati i risultati di uno studio interdisciplinare sull’impatto dell’evento combinato vulcanico-climatico della “super-eruzione” dell’Ignimbrite Campana (IC) avvenuta ai Campi Flegrei e dell’episodio di acuto raffreddamento dell’Heinrich Event 4 (HE4), entrambi di c. 40.000 anni BP, sugli ecosistemi umani europei al passaggio Paleolitico medio/Paleolitico superiore. Questi risultati indicano che il raffreddamento globale indotto dall’evento eruttivo dell’IC, stimato intorno ai 3-4 °C, si determinò esattamente all’inizio dell’HE4, con probabile prolungamento ed amplificazione degli effetti climaticoambientali e conseguente notevole impatto sui gruppi paleolitici. Questa ipotesi è argomentata sulla base delle tendenze e dei processi climatici in prossimità dell’evento dell’IC, sui parametri fisici e chimici dell’eruzione nonché sulle evidenze archeologiche derivanti dall’analisi sia del contesto generale europeo che di alcune importanti sequenze stratigrafico-culturali contenenti il tefra dell’IC distribuite in un’ampia area tra l’Italia meridionale e la Russia.193 234 - PublicationRestrictedThe Campanian Ignimbrite Tephra and its Relevance for the Timing of the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic Shift(2006)
; ; ; ; ; ;Giaccio, B.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Hajdas, I.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Peresani, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Fedele, F. G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Isaia, R.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia; ;; ; ; ; Conrad, J. N.IN THE FILE206 73