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Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena
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- PublicationRestrictedDeformation and eruptions at Mt. Etna (Italy): A lesson from 15 years of observations(2009-01-28)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Neri, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Casu, F.; Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell’Ambiente, CNR, Naples, Italy ;Acocella, V.; Dipartimento Scienze Geologiche, Universita` Roma Tre, Rome, Italy ;Solaro, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Pepe, S.; Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell’Ambiente, CNR, Naples, Italy ;Berardino, P.; Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell’Ambiente, CNR, Naples, Italy ;Sansosti, E.; Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell’Ambiente, CNR, Naples, Italy ;Caltabiano, T.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Catania, Catania, Italia ;Lundgren, P.; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California, USA; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Volcanoes deform as a consequence of the rise and storage of magma; once magma reaches a critical pressure, an eruption occurs. However, how the edifice deformation relates to its eruptive behavior is poorly known. Here, we produce a joint interpretation of spaceborne InSAR deformation measurements and volcanic activity at Mt. Etna (Italy), between 1992 and 2006. We distinguish two volcano-tectonic behaviors. Between 1993 and 2000, Etna inflated with a starting deformation rate of 1 cm yr 1 that progressively reduced with time, nearly vanishing between 1998 and 2000; moreover, low-eruptive rate summit eruptions occurred, punctuated by lava fountains. Between 2001 and 2005, Etna deflated, feeding higher-eruptive rate flank eruptions, along with large displacements of the entire East-flank. These two behaviors, we suggest, result from the higher rate of magma stored between 1993 and June 2001, which triggered the emplacement of the dike responsible for the 2001 and 2002–2003 eruptions. Our results clearly show that the joint interpretation of volcano deformation and stored magma rates may be crucial in identifying impending volcanic eruptions.312 68 - PublicationRestrictedThe use of IFSAR and classical geodetic techniques for caldera unrest episodes: application to the Campi Flegrei uplift event of 2000(2004)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Lanari, R.; Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell’Ambiente, National Research Council, Napoli ;Berardino, P.; Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell’Ambiente, National Research Council, Napoli ;Borgstrom, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Del Gaudio, C.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;De Martino, P.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Fornaro, G.; Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell’Ambiente, National Research Council, Napoli ;Guarino, S.; Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell’Ambiente, National Research Council, Napoli ;Ricciardi, G. P.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Sansosti, E.; Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell’Ambiente, National Research Council, Napoli ;Lundgren, P.; Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Campi Flegrei caldera has a long history of large surface deformation,with isplacements of several meters in the 1970s and early 1980s. Its location within a densely populated urban area underscores the importance of understanding the relationship between large and episodic deformation events and their source mechanisms. The primary observable of the caldera’s activity is its surface deformation. Classical geodetic approaches such as leveling, have been complemented by the more advanced measurements of the Global Positioning System (GPS) and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) interferometry. In this work we focus on the Campi Flegrei caldera uplift event that occurred from early spring to late summer 2000. Our goal is to highlight the potential to integrate interferometric SAR (IFSAR),GPS, and classical leveling data for ground deformation studies and source modeling. We compare models for the deformation source constrained by inversion of the differential IFSAR data (DIFSAR) with the model’s prediction for the GPS and leveling data. Resolution of possible changes in the source mechanism for Campi Flegrei caldera are limited by differences in the temporal,spatial and deformation component strengths of each data set. In the future,overcoming these data deficiencies will be important for resolving the dynamics of volcano systems and for volcanic hazard mitigation.1461 90 - PublicationOpen AccessFIFTEEN YEARS OF ERS AND ENVISAT DInSAR OBSERVATIONS AT MT. ETNA (ITALY) BY USING THE SBAS APPROACH(2007-11-26)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Casu, F.; Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell'Ambiente, CNR, Via Diocleziano 328, 80124 Napoli, Italy ;Solaro, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Pepe, S.; Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell'Ambiente, CNR, Via Diocleziano 328, 80124 Napoli, Italy ;Lundgren, P.; JPL, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA ;Manzo, M.; Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell'Ambiente, CNR, Via Diocleziano 328, 80124 Napoli, Italy ;Pepe, A.; Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell'Ambiente, CNR, Via Diocleziano 328, 80124 Napoli, Italy ;Berardino, P.; Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell'Ambiente, P.; Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell'Ambiente, CNR, Via Diocleziano 328, 80124 Napoli, Italy ;Sansosti, E.; Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell'Ambiente, CNR, Via Diocleziano 328, 80124 Napoli, Italy ;Lanari, R.; Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico dell'Ambiente, CNR, Via Diocleziano 328, 80124 Napoli, Italy; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; We exploited the Small BAseline Subset (SBAS) technique and computed ground displacement maps and time series by inverting 283 interferograms generated from the ascending and 289 from the descending orbits to reveal Mt. Etna surface deformation from 1992 to 2006. Our analysis shows that the volcano experienced magmatic inflation/deflation and radial spreading of the west, south and east flanks. In particular, the summit area vertical deformation inverted its sign after 2000 and clearly shows a deflation effect related to the 2001 and 2002 eruptive and seismic events. On the contrary, the horizontal signals revealed on the eastern and western flanks present significant and consistent motions toward east and west, respectively, during the investigated interval. Overall, the presented results show the complex and articulated deformation behavior of Mt. Etna and remark the possible coexistence of both gravity and magma forcing.215 647 - PublicationOpen AccessNew fault slip distribution for the 2010 Mw 7.2 El Mayor Cucapah earthquake based on realistic 3D finite element inversions of coseismic displacements using space geodetic data(2021)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; In this work we investigate the 4 April, 2010, Mw 7.2 El Mayor-Cucapah (EMC) earthquake. Existing studies modeled the EMC area as an elastic half-space in a homogeneous or vertically layered structure, which, along with differences in data and inversion methodologies, led to considerable variability in the resultant fault slip models. To investigate the EMC earthquake more realistically, we first examine how published coseismic fault slip models have approached the problem and what are their findings, then we select the optimal geometry and slip of one most recent and comprehensive coseismic fault slip model, obtained through analytical inversions, and adapt them in a three-dimensional finite element numerical environment where we assess the effects of topography and material heterogeneities. Numerically optimized slip models are obtained via joint inversion of GPS, interferometric synthetic aperture radar and subpixel offset datasets. We find the effect of topography to be negligible while the inclusion of material heterogeneities enhances the slip at depth, as might be expected where the medium has higher rigidity, and better fits the displacements at both near and far field, especially around the Salton Sea area. The match with geodetic data is significantly improved when the fault slip is increased at the fault planes close to the epicenter and deeper at the southernmost plane, with respect to the slip of the chosen analytical model. Our findings suggest that this earthquake was associated with a higher and more spatially concentrated slip than previously thought implying a greater stress drop at depth.94 123