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Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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- PublicationOpen AccessPaleoseismology of great earthquakes of the late Holocene(1993)
; ; ;Pantosti, D.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Yeats, R. S.; Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA; 133 769 - PublicationRestrictedDevelopment of the Global Earthquake Model’s neotectonic fault database(2015-06)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Christophersen, A.; GNS Science, Lower Hutt, New Zealand ;Litchfield, N.; GNS Science, Lower Hutt, New Zealand ;Berryman, K.; GNS Science, Lower Hutt, New Zealand ;Thomas, R.; GNS Science, Lower Hutt, New Zealand ;Basili, R.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma1, Roma, Italia ;Wallace, L.; The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA ;Ries, W.; GNS Science, Lower Hutt, New Zealand ;Hayes, G. P.; USGS, Golden, CO, USA ;Haller, K. M.; USGS, Golden, CO, USA ;Yoshioka, T.; National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan ;Koehler, R. D.; State of Alaska, Geological and Geophysical Surveys, Fairbanks, AK, USA ;Clark, D.; Geoscience Australia, Canberra, Australia ;Wolfson-Schwehr, M.; Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA ;Boettcher, M. S.; Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA ;Villamor, P.; GNS Science, Lower Hutt, New Zealand ;Horspool, N.; GNS Science, Lower Hutt, New Zealand ;Ornthammarath, T.; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand ;Zuñiga, R.; Centro de Geociencias, UNAM, Juriquilla, Queretaro, Mexico ;Langridge, R. M.; GNS Science, Lower Hutt, New Zealand ;Stirling, M. W.; GNS Science, Lower Hutt, New Zealand ;Goded, T.; GNS Science, Lower Hutt, New Zealand ;Costa, C.; Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina ;Yeats, R.; Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; The Global Earthquake Model (GEM) aims to develop uniform, openly available, standards, datasets and tools for worldwide seismic risk assessment through global collaboration, transparent communication and adapting state-of-the-art science. GEM Faulted Earth (GFE) is one of GEM’s global hazard module projects. This paper describes GFE’s development of a modern neotectonic fault database and a unique graphical interface for the compilation of new fault data. A key design principle is that of an electronic field notebook for capturing observations a geologist would make about a fault. The database is designed to accommodate abundant as well as sparse fault obser- vations. It features two layers, one for capturing neotectonic faults and fold observations, and the other to calculate potential earthquake fault sources from the observations. In order to test the flexibility of the database structure and to start a global compilation, five preexisting databases have been uploaded to the first layer and two to the second. In addition, the GFE project has characterised the world’s approximately 55,000 km of subduction interfaces in a globally consistent manner as a basis for generating earthquake event sets for inclusion in earthquake hazard and risk modelling. Following the subduction interface fault schema and including the trace attributes of the GFE database schema, the 2500-km-long frontal thrust fault system of the Himalaya has also been characterised. We propose the database structure to be used widely, so that neotectonic fault data can make a more complete and beneficial contribution to seismic hazard and risk characterisation globally.346 57 - PublicationRestrictedSimulations of the Madden-Julian Oscillation in four pairs of coupled and uncoupled global models(2006)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Zhang, C.; RSMAS, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA ;Dong, M.; RSMAS, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA ;Gualdi, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia ;Hendon, H. H.; BMRC, Melbourne, VIC, Australia ;Maloney, E. D.; Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA ;Marshall, A.; Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia ;Sperber, K. R.; PCMDI, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA ;Wang, W.; CPC/NCEP/NOAA, Camp Springs, MD, USA; ; ; ; ; ; ; The status of the numerical reproduction of the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) by current global models was assessed through diagnoses of four pairs of coupled and uncoupled simulations. Slow eastward propagation of the MJO, especially in low-level zonal wind, is realistic in all these simulations. However, the simulated MJO suffers from several common problems. The MJO signal in precipitation is generally too weak and often eroded by an unrealistic split of an equatorial maximum of precipitation into a double ITCZ structure over the western Pacific. The MJO signal in low-level zonal wind, on the other hand, is sometimes too strong over the eastern Pacific but too weak over the Indian Ocean. The observed phase relationship between precipitation and low-level zonal wind associated with the MJO in the western Pacific and their coherence in general are not reproduced by the models. The seasonal migration in latitude of MJO activity is missing in most simulations. Air–sea coupling generally strengthens the simulated eastward propagating signal, but its effects on the phase relationship and coherence between precipitation and low-level zonal wind, and on their geographic distributions, seasonal cycles, and interannual variability are inconsistent among the simulations. Such inconsistency cautions generalization of results from MJO simulations using a single model. In comparison to observations, biases in the simulated MJO appear to be related to biases in the background state of mean precipitation, low-level zonal wind, and boundary-layer moisture convergence. This study concludes that, while the realistic simulations of the eastward propagation of the MJO are encouraging, reproducing other fundamental features of the MJO by current global models remains an unmet challenge.127 21