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McCormick, M. P.
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- PublicationOpen AccessComparing simoultaneous stratospheric aerosol and ozone lidar measurements with SAGE II data after the Mount Pinatubo eruption(1995-07-15)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Yue, G. K.; NASA ;Poole, L. R.; NASA ;McCormick, M. P.; Nasa ;Veiga, R. E.; SATC ;Wang, P. H.; STC ;Rizi, V.; Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di L'Aquila ;Masci, F.; ING ;D'Altorio, A.; Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di L'Aquila ;Visconti, G.; Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di L'Aquila; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Stratospheric aerosol and ozone profiles obtained simoultaneosly from the lidar station at the university of L'Aquila during the first 6 months following the eruption of Mount Pinatubo are compared with corresponding nearby Stratosperic Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) II profiles. The agreement between the two data stes is found to be reasonably good. The temporal change of aerosol profiles obtained by both technique showed the intrusion and growth of Pinatubo aerosols. In addition, ozone concntration profiles derivide from an empirical time-series model based on SAGE II ozone data obtained bifore the Pinatubo eruption are compared with measured profiles. Good agreement is shown in the 1991 profiles, but ozone concentration measured in January 1992 were reduced relative ti time-series model estimates. Possible reasons for the diffrences between measured and model-based ozone profiles are discussed.163 147 - PublicationOpen AccessLong-term evolution of upper stratospheric ozone at selected stations of the Network for the Detection of Stratospheric Change (NDSC)(2006)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Steinbrecht, W.; German Weather Service, Hohenpeissenberg, Germany. ;Claude, H.; German Weather Service, Hohenpeissenberg, Germany. ;Schönenborn, F.; German Weather Service, Hohenpeissenberg, Germany. ;McDermid, I.; Table Mountain Facility, NASA-JPL, Wrightwood, California, USA. ;Leblanc, T.; Table Mountain Facility, NASA-JPL, Wrightwood, California, USA. ;Godin, S.; CNRS Service d’Aeronomie, Paris, France. ;Song, T.; CNRS Service d’Aeronomie, Paris, France. ;Swart, D.; RIVM, Bilthoven, Netherlands. ;Meijer, Y.; RIVM, Bilthoven, Netherlands. ;Bodeker, G.; NIWA, Omakau, Central Otago, New Zealand. ;Connor, B.; NIWA, Omakau, Central Otago, New Zealand. ;Kämpfer, N.; Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. ;Hocke, K.; Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. ;Calisesi, Y.; Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. ;Schneider, N.; OASU/L3AB, Universite´ Bordeaux 1, CNRS-INSU, Floirac, France. ;de la Nöe, J.; OASU/L3AB, Universite´ Bordeaux 1, CNRS-INSU, Floirac, France. ;Parrish, A.; Astronomy Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, ;Boyd, I.; NIWA-ERI, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. ;Brühl, C.; Max-Planck-Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany. ;Steil, B.; Max-Planck-Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany. ;Giorgetta, M.; Max-Planck-Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany. ;Manzini, E.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia ;Thomason, L.; NASA LARC, Hampton, Virginia, USA. ;Zawodny, J.; NASA LARC, Hampton, Virginia, USA. ;McCormick, M.; Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia, USA. ;Russell, J.; Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia, USA. ;Bharti, P.; NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA. ;Stolarski, R.; NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA. ;Hollandsworth-Frith, S.; NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA.; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; The long-term evolution of upper stratospheric ozone has been recorded by lidars and microwave radiometers within the ground-based Network for the Detection of Stratospheric Change (NDSC), and by the space-borne Solar Backscatter Ultra-Violet instruments (SBUV), Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE), and Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE). Climatological mean differences between these instruments are typically smaller than 5% between 25 and 50 km. Ozone anomaly time series from all instruments, averaged from 35 to 45 km altitude, track each other very well and typically agree within 3 to 5%. SBUV seems to have a slight positive drift against the other instruments. The corresponding 1979 to 1999 period from a transient simulation by the fully coupled MAECHAM4-CHEM chemistry climate model reproduces many features of the observed anomalies. However, in the upper stratosphere the model shows too low ozone values and too negative ozone trends, probably due to an underestimation of methane and a consequent overestimation of ClO. The combination of all observational data sets provides a very consistent picture, with a long-term stability of 2% or better. Upper stratospheric ozone shows three main features: (1) a decline by 10 to 15% since 1980, due to chemical destruction by chlorine; (2) two to three year fluctuations by 5 to 10%, due to the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO); (3) an 11-year oscillation by about 5%, due to the 11-year solar cycle. The 1979 to 1997 ozone trends are larger at the southern mid-latitude station Lauder (45 S), reaching 8%/decade, compared to only about 6%/decade at Table Mountain (35 N), Haute Provence/Bordeaux ( 45 N), and Hohenpeissenberg/Bern( 47 N). At Lauder, Hawaii (20 N), Table Mountain, and Haute Provence, ozone residuals after subtraction of QBO- and solar cycle effects have levelled off in recent years, or are even increasing. Assuming a turning point in January 1997, the change of trend is largest at southern mid-latitude Lauder, +11%/decade, compared to +7%/decade at northern mid-latitudes. This points to a beginning recovery of upper stratospheric ozone. However, chlorine levels are still very high and ozone will remain vulnerable. At this point the most northerly mid-latitude station, Hohenpeissenberg/Bern differs from the other stations, and shows much less clear evidence for a beginning recovery, with a change of trend in 1997 by only +3%/decade. In fact, record low upper stratospheric ozone values were observed at Hohenpeissenberg/Bern, and to a lesser degree at Table Mountain and Haute Provence, in the winters 2003/2004 and 2004/2005.443 249