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Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Napoli «Federico II», Napoli, Italy
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- PublicationOpen AccessEnd-to-end simulations of the MUon RAdiography of VESuvius experiment(2022)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ; ;he MUon RAdiography of VESuvius (MURAVES) project aims at the study of the summital cone of Mt. Vesuvius, an active volcano near Naples (Italy), by measuring its density profile through muon flux attenuation. Its data, combined with those from gravimetric and seismic measurement campaigns, will be used for better defining the volcanic plug at the bottom of the crater. We report on the development of an end-to-end simulation framework, in order to perform accurate investigations of the effects of the experimental constraints and to compare simulations, under various model hypotheses, with the actual observations. The detector simulation setup is developed using GEANT4 and a study of cosmic particle generators has been conducted to identify the most suitable one for our simulation framework. To mimic the real data, GEANT4 raw hits are converted to clusters through a simulated digitization: energy deposits are first summed per scintillator bar, and then converted to number of photoelectrons with a data-driven procedure. This is followed by the same clustering algorithm and same tracking code as in real data. We also report on the study of muon transport through rock using PUMAS and GEANT4. In this paper we elaborate on the rationale for our technical choices, including trade-off between speed and accuracy. The developments reported here are of general interest in muon radiography and can be applied in similar cases.202 21 - PublicationRestrictedMuography of the Volcanic Structure of the Summit of Vesuvius, Italy(Whiley-AGU, 2022)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ; ; ;; ;; ;; ;; In the context of recent developments in volcanic muography, we describe an experiment at Vesuvius, the volcano near Naples that destroyed Pompeii and Herculaneum (Italy) in 79 AD. This volcano is about 1200\,m high with a typical summit caldera formed by Mount Somma. Vesuvius is among the highest-risk volcanoes in the world due to its highly explosive eruptive style and the high population density of the area where it is located. Volcanoes are generally fragile geological structures, prone to produce partial collapse and large landslides that can affect the style of eruptions. Moreover, the knowledge of the internal structure is fundamental for understanding past eruption activity and for constraining eruption models. For these reasons, studying the internal structure of the ``Gran Cono'' (great cone) of Vesuvius and the physical characteristics of its rock is important and led us to design a muography experiment at Vesuvius. This experiment, which is currently in progress, is based on three scintillator detectors with a surface of 1\,m$^2$ each. These detector features have been implemented to overcome the problems related to the large thickness of rock that form the ``Gran Cono'' of Vesuvius and the effects that can be a source of error in data processing. These aspects represent an open challenge for the muography of large volcanoes, which today constitutes the frontier of research in the field of volcanic muography.63 1 - PublicationOpen AccessThe Simulations Chain of the MURAVES Experiment(2022)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ; ;Abstract The MUon RAdiography of VESuvius (MURAVES) project is aimed at studying the summital cone of Mt. Vesuvius, an active and hazardous volcano near Naples, Italy. A detailed Monte Carlo simulation frame- work is necessary in order to investigate the effects of the experimental constraints and to perform compar- isons with the actual observations. Our Monte Carlo setup combines a variety of Monte Carlo programs that address different aspects of cosmic muon simulation, from muon generation in the Earth’s upper at- mosphere to the response of the detector, including the interactions with the material of the volcano. We will elaborate on the rationale for our technical choices, including the trade-off between speed and accu- racy, and on the lessons learned, which are of general interest for similar use cases in muon radiography.198 56 - PublicationOpen AccessThe MURAVES Experiment: A Study of the Vesuvius Great Cone with Muon Radiography(2022)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ;; ; ; ;; ;; ; ; ; ;; ; ;; The MURAVES experiment aims at the muographic imaging of the internal structure of the summit of Mt. Vesuvius, exploiting muons produced by cosmic rays. Though presently quiescent, the volcano carries a dramatic hazard in its highly populated surroundings. The challenging measurement of the rock density distribution in its summit by muography, in conjunction with data from other geophysical techniques, can help the modeling of possible eruptive dynamics. The MURAVES apparatus consists of an array of three independent and identical muon trackers, with a total sensitive area of 3 square meters. In each tracker, a sequence of 4 XY tracking planes made of plastic scintillators is complemented by a 60 cm thick lead wall inserted between the two downstream planes to improve rejection of background from low-energy muons. The apparatus is currently acquiring data. Preliminary results from the analysis of the first data sample are presented.622 30 - PublicationRestrictedMuon radiography applied to volcanoes imaging: the MURAVES experiment at Mt. Vesuvius(2020)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ;; ; ; ; ;; ;; ; ;; ; ;; Abstract: Muon radiography is a technique based on the measurement of absorption profiles of muons as they pass through matter. This measurement allows to obtain an image of the inner structure of large volume objects and is suitable to be applied in several fields, such as volcanology, archaeology and civil engeneering. One of the main applications concerns the study of volcanic structures; indeed it is possible to use this technique to measure the mass distribution inside the edifice of a volcano providing useful information to better understand the possible eruption mechanisms. The MURAVES (MUon RAdiography of VESuvius) project aims to the study of the summital cone of Mt. Vesuvius near Naples in Italy, one of the most dangerous active volcanoes in the world. The MURAVES apparatus is a modular, robust muon hodoscope system with a low power consumption, optimized to be used in inhospitable environments like the surroundings of volcanoes. The complete detection system is an array of identical tracking modules, each with an area of 1 m2 , based on the use of plasic scintillators. The technologies, the status and the data analysis strategy of the experiment will be presented in this paper.1076 21 - PublicationRestrictedVolcanoes in Italy and the role of muon radiography(The Royal Society publishing, 2019-01)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ; ; ;; ;; ; ; ; ;; ;; ; ; ;; Cosmic-ray muon radiography (muography), an imaging technique that can provide measurements of rock densities within the top few 100m of a volcanic cone, has now achieved a spatial resolution of the order of 10m in optimal detection conditions. Muography provides images of the top region of a volcano edifice with a resolution that is considerably better than that typically achieved with other conventional methods (i.e. gravimetric). We expect such precise measurements, to provide us with information on anomalies in the rock density distribution, which can be affected by dense lava conduits, low-density magma supply paths or the compression with the depth of the overlying soil. The MUon RAdiography of VESuvius (MURAVES) project is now in its final phase of construction and deployment. Up to four muon hodoscopes, each with a surface of roughly 1m2, will be installed on the slope of Vesuvius and take data for at least 12 months. We will use the muographic profiles, combined with data from gravimetric and seismic measurement campaigns, to determine the stratigraphy of the lava plug at the bottom of the Vesuvius crater, in order to infer potential eruption pathways. While the MURAVES project unfolds, others are using emulsion detectors on Stromboli to study the lava conduits at the top of the volcano. These measurements are ongoing: they have completed two measurement campaigns and are now performing the first data analysis. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Cosmic-ray muography’.981 10 - PublicationOpen AccessThe MURAVES project and other parallel activities on muon absorption radiography(2018-08-03)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ; The MURAVES (MUon RAdiography of VESuvius) project is a joint activity participated by INGV, INFN and the Universities of Naples “Federico II” and Florence. The collaboration, following the experience gained within the previous INFN R&D project Mu-Ray, is currently completing the production of a robust four square meter low power consumption detector to be installed on the flank of Mount Vesuvius, an active volcano located on the western coast of Italy. The detector is supposed to collect data for at least one year, thus allowing performing a scan of the structure of the Vesuvius volcanic cone. In this work the status of the project and some parallel activities on muon radiography are presented.495 23 - PublicationOpen AccessThe MURAVES muon telescope: technology and expected performances(2017)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ; ;The MURAVES project aims to study the inner structure of the upper part of the Mt. Vesuvius volcano by muon radiography (muography) technique. Very high energy muons, produced by cosmic rays in the at- mosphere, can penetrate large thickness of rocks. By measuring the at- tenuation of the muons flux trough the volcano cone is possible to obtain a 2D image of the density structure. Internal discontinuities, with a spa- tial resolution of about 10 m, can be, in principle, resolved. An absolute average density measurement can be provided too. The project, funded by the Italian Ministry of University, Research and Education (MIUR), is led by INGV and INFN. In this article the mechanical structure of the de- tectors and background suppression techniques are reported.396 79 - PublicationRestrictedThe MU-RAY project: detector technology and first data from Mt. Vesuvius(2014)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Ambrosino, F.; Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita' degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy ;Anastasio, A.; INFN Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy ;Basta, D.; INFN Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy ;Bonechi, L.; Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita' degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy ;Brianzi, M.; Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita' degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy ;Bross, A.; Fermilab, Batavia, IL, U.S.A. ;Callier, S.; OMEGA, IN2P3/CNRS/Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France ;Caputo, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Ciaranfi, R.; INFN Sezione di Firenze, Firenze, Italy ;Cimmino, L.; INFN Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy ;D'Alessandro, R.; Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita' degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy ;D'Auria, L.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;de La Taille, C.; OMEGA, IN2P3/CNRS/Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France ;Energico, S.; INFN Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy ;Garufi, F.; Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita' degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy ;Giudicepietro, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Lauria, A.; Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita' degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy ;Macedonio, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Martini, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Masone, V.; Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita' degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy ;Mattone, C.; Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita' degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy ;Montesi, M. C.; Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita' degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy ;Noli, P.; Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita' degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy ;Orazi, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Passeggio, G.; INFN Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy ;Peluso, R.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Pla-Dalmau, A.; Fermilab, Batavia, IL, U.S.A. ;Raux, L.; OMEGA, IN2P3/CNRS/Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France ;Rubinov, P.; Fermilab, Batavia, IL, U.S.A. ;Saracino, G.; Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita' degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy ;Scarlini, E.; Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita' degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy ;Scarpato, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Sekhniaidze, G.; INFN Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy ;Starodubtsev, O.; INFN Sezione di Firenze, Firenze, Italy ;Strolin, P.; Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita' degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy ;Taketa, A.; Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan ;Tanaka, H. K. M.; Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan ;Vanzanella, A.; INFN Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy ;Viliani, L.; Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita' degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy ;; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ;; ;; ;; Muon Radiography allows to map the density of a volcanic cone. It is based on the measurement of the attenuation of the flux of muons present in the cosmic radiation on the ground. The MU-RAY project has developed an innovative detector designed for the muon radiography. The main features are the low electric power consumption, robustness and transportability, good spatial resolution and muon time of flight measurement. A 1 m2 detector prototype has been constructed. and collected data at Mt. Vesuvius for approximately 1 month in spring 2013. A second campaign of measurement has been performed at the Puy de Dˆome, France, in the last four months of 2013. In this article the principles of muon radiography, the MU-RAY detector and the first results from the collected data will be described.701 45 - PublicationRestrictedThe MU-RAY detector for muon radiography of volcanoes(2013)
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;Anastasio, A.; INFN Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy ;Ambrosino, F.; Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita' degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy ;Basta, D.; INFN Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy ;Bonechi, L.; Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita' degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy ;Brianzi, M.; Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita' degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy ;Bross, A.; Fermilab, Batavia, IL, U.S.A. ;Callier, S.; OMEGA, IN2P3/CNRS/Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France ;Caputo, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Ciaranfi, R.; INFN Sezione di Firenze, Firenze, Italy ;Cimmino, L.; INFN Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy ;D'Alessandro, R.; Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita' degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy ;D'Auria, L.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;de La Taille, C.; OMEGA, IN2P3/CNRS/Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France ;Energico, S.; INFN Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy ;Garufi, F.; Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita' degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy ;Giudicepietro, F.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Lauria, A.; Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita' degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy ;Macedonio, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Martini, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Masone, V.; Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita' degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy ;Mattone, C.; Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita' degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy ;Montesi, M.C.; Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita' degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy ;Noli, P.; Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita' degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy ;Orazi, M.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Passeggio, G.; INFN Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy ;Peluso, R.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Pla-Dalmau, A.; Fermilab, Batavia, IL, U.S.A. ;Raux, L.; OMEGA, IN2P3/CNRS/Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France ;Rubinov, P.; Fermilab, Batavia, IL, U.S.A. ;Saracino, G.; Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita' degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy ;Scarlini, E.; Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita' degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy ;Scarpato, G.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione OV, Napoli, Italia ;Sekhniaidze, G.; INFN Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy ;Starodubtsev, O.; INFN Sezione di Firenze, Firenze, Italy ;Strolin, P.; Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita' degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy ;Taketa, A.; Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan ;Tanaka, H. K. M.; Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan ;Vanzanella, A.; INFN Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy; ;; ; ; ; ;; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ; ; ; ; ;; ; ;; ;; ;The MU-RAY detector has been designed to perform muon radiography of volcanoes. The possible use on the field introduces several constraints. First the electric power consumption must be reduced to the minimum, so that the detector can be solar-powered. Moreover it must be robust and transportable, for what concerns the front-end electronics and data acquisition. A 1m2 prototype has been constructed and is taking data at Mt.Vesuvius. The detector consists of modules of 32 scintillator bars with wavelength shifting fibers and silicon photomultiplier read-out. A dedicated front-end electronics has been developed, based on the SPIROC ASIC. An introduction to muon radiography principles, the MU-RAY detector description and results obtained in laboratory will be presented.640 39