Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/2122/9794
Authors: Surono, N.* 
Jousset, P.* 
Pallister, J.* 
Boichu, M.* 
Buongiorno, M. F.* 
Budisantoso, A.* 
Costa, F.* 
Andreastuti, S.* 
Prata, F.* 
Schneider, D.* 
Clarisse, L.* 
Humaida, H.* 
Sumarti, S.* 
Bignami, C.* 
Griswold, J.* 
Carn, S.* 
Oppenheimer, C.* 
Lavigne, F.* 
Title: The 2010 explosive eruption of Java's Merapi volcano—A ‘100-year’ event
Journal: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 
Series/Report no.: /241–242 (2012)
Issue Date: 2012
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2012.06.018
Keywords: Merapi
SAR change detection
eruption monitoring
petrology
satellite monitoring
volcano tremors
Subject Classification04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases 
04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas 
04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring 
04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques 
Abstract: Merapi volcano (Indonesia) is one of the most active and hazardous volcanoes in the world. It is known for frequent small to moderate eruptions, pyroclastic flows produced by lava dome collapse, and the large population settled on and around the flanks of the volcano that is at risk. Its usual behavior for the last decades abruptly changed in late October and early November 2010, when the volcano produced its largest and most explosive eruptions in more than a century, displacing at least a third of a million people, and claiming nearly 400 lives. Despite the challenges involved in forecasting this ‘hundred year eruption’, we show that the magnitude of precursory signals (seismicity, ground deformation, gas emissions) was proportional to the large size and intensity of the eruption. In addition and for the first time, near-real-time satellite radar imagery played an equal role with seismic, geodetic, and gas observations in monitoring eruptive activity during a major volcanic crisis. The Indonesian Center of Volcanology and Geological Hazard Mitigation (CVGHM) issued timely forecasts of the magnitude of the eruption phases, saving 10,000–20,000 lives. In addition to reporting on aspects of the crisis management, we report the first synthesis of scientific observations of the eruption. Our monitoring and petrologic data show that the 2010 eruption was fed by rapid ascent of magma from depths ranging from 5 to 30km. Magma reached the surface with variable gas content resulting in alternating explosive and rapid effusive eruptions, and released a total of ~0.44Tg of SO2. The eruptive behavior seems also related to the seismicity along a tectonic fault more than 40km from the volcano, highlighting both the complex stress pattern of the Merapi region of Java and the role of magmatic pressurization in activating regional faults. We suggest a dynamic triggering of the main explosions on 3 and 4 November by the passing seismic waves generated by regional earthquakes on these days.
Appears in Collections:Article published / in press

Files in This Item:
File Description SizeFormat Existing users please Login
2012_JVGR_Surono_et_al.pdffull paper2.51 MBAdobe PDF
Show full item record

WEB OF SCIENCETM
Citations 20

223
checked on Feb 10, 2021

Page view(s) 20

341
checked on Mar 16, 2024

Download(s) 50

71
checked on Mar 16, 2024

Google ScholarTM

Check

Altmetric