Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/2122/9713
Authors: Theys, N.* 
Campion, R.* 
Clarisse, L.* 
van Gent, J.* 
Dils, B.* 
Corradini, S.* 
Merucci, L.* 
Coheur, P. F.* 
Van Roozendael, M.* 
Hurtmans, D.* 
Clerbaux, C.* 
Tait, S.* 
Ferrucci, F.* 
Title: Volcanic SO2 fluxes derived from satellite data: a survey using OMI, GOME-2, IASI and MODIS
Journal: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (ACP) 
Series/Report no.: /13(2013)
Issue Date: 2013
DOI: 10.5194/acp-13-5945-2013
Keywords: remote sensing, SO2 flux, volcanic eruptions, Nabro
Subject Classification04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring 
04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques 
05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions 
Abstract: Sulphur dioxide (SO2)fluxes of active degassing volcanoes are routinely measured with ground-based equipment to characterize and monitor volcanic activity. SO2 of unmonitored volcanoes or from explosive volcanic eruptions, can be measured with satellites. However, remote-sensing methods based on absorption spectroscopy generally provide integrated amounts of already dispersed plumes of SO2 and satellite derived flux estimates are rarely reported. Here we review a number of different techniques to derive volcanic SO2 fluxes using satellite measurements of plumes of SO2 and investigate the temporal evolution of the total emissions of SO2 for three very different volcanic events in 2011: Puyehue-Cord on Caulle (Chile), Nyamulagira (DR Congo) and Nabro (Eritrea). High spectral resolution satellite instruments operating both in the ultravioletvisible (OMI/Aura and GOME-2/MetOp-A) and thermal infrared (IASI/MetOp-A) spectral ranges, and multispectral satellite instruments operating in the thermal infrared (MODIS/Terra-Aqua) are used. We show that satellite data can provide fluxes with a sampling of a day or less (few hours in the best case). Generally the flux results from the different methods are consistent, and we discuss the advantages and weaknesses of each technique. Although the primary objective of this study is the calculation of SO2 fluxes, it also enables us to assess the consistency of the SO2 products from the different sensors used.
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