Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/2122/9622
Authors: Taddeucci, J.* 
Scarlato, P.* 
Capponi, A.* 
Del Bello, E.* 
Cimarelli, C.* 
Palladino, D.* 
Kueppers, U.* 
Title: High-speed imaging of Strombolian explosions: The ejection velocity of pyroclasts
Journal: Geophysical Research Letters 
Series/Report no.: /39 (2012)
Publisher: American Geophysical Union
Issue Date: 18-Jan-2012
DOI: 10.1029/2011GL050404
URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2011GL050404/abstract
Keywords: strombolian
ejection velocity
explosive eruption
Subject Classification04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous 
04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas 
04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring 
04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques 
05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions 
Abstract: Explosive volcanic eruptions are defined as the violent ejection of gas and hot fragments from a vent in the Earth's crust. Knowledge of ejection velocity is crucial for understanding and modeling relevant physical processes of an eruption, and yet direct measurements are still a difficult task with largely variable results. Here we apply pioneering high-speed imaging to measure the ejection velocity of pyroclasts from Strombolian explosive eruptions with an unparalleled temporal resolution. Measured supersonic velocities, up to 405 m/s, are twice higher than previously reported for such eruptions. Individual Strombolian explosions include multiple, sub-second-lasting ejection pulses characterized by an exponential decay of velocity. When fitted with an empirical model from shock-tube experiments literature, this decay allows constraining the length of the pressurized gas pockets responsible for the ejection pulses. These results directly impact eruption modeling and related hazard assessment, as well as the interpretation of geophysical signals from monitoring networks.
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