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Authors: | Geshi, N.* Neri, M.* |
Title: | Dynamic feeder dyke systems in basaltic volcanoes: the exceptional example o fthe 1809 Etna eruption (Italy) | Other Titles: | Dynamic feeder dyke systems in basaltic volcanoes | Journal: | Frontiers in Earth Science | Series/Report no.: | 2/13 (2014) | Publisher: | Nature Publishing Group | Issue Date: | 21-Jul-2014 | DOI: | 10.3389/feart.2014.00013 | URL: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/feart.2014.00013/abstract | Keywords: | feeder dyke basaltic volcanoes flank eruptions Etna volcanic hazards sill volcanic rift |
Subject Classification: | 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.04. Thermodynamics 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions |
Abstract: | In this paper, we describe the 1809 eruption of Mt. Etna, Italy, which represents one historical rare case in which it is possible to observe details of the internal structure of the feeder system. This is possible thanks to the presence of two large pit craters located in the middle of the eruptive fracture field that allow studying a section of the shallow feeder system. Along the walls of one of these craters, we analysed well-exposed cross sections of the uppermost 15–20 m of the feeder system and related volcanic products. Here, we describe the structure, morphology and lithology of this portion of the 1809 feeder system, including the host rock which conditioned the propagation of the dyke, and compare the results with other recent eruptions. Finally, we propose the dynamic model of the magma behaviour inside a laterally-propagating feeder dyke, demonstrating how this dynamic triggered important changes in the eruptive style (from effusive/Strombolian to phreatomagmatic) during the same eruption. Our results are also useful for hazard assessment related to the development of flank eruptions, potentially the most hazardous type of eruption from basaltic volcanoes in densely urbanized areas, such as Mt. Etna. |
Appears in Collections: | Article published / in press |
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2014 Geshi and Neri Frontiers 2014.pdf | Main Article | 1.49 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |
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