Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/2122/8951
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dc.contributor.authorallMasina, S.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italiaen
dc.contributor.authorallPinardi, N.; University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italyen
dc.contributor.authorallNavarra, A.; Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italiaen
dc.date.accessioned2014-02-27T07:45:30Zen
dc.date.available2014-02-27T07:45:30Zen
dc.date.issued2001-06en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2122/8951en
dc.description.abstractAn ocean data assimilation (ODA) system which can assimilate both temperature and altimeter observations has been applied to the global ocean and tested between January 1993-October 1996. A statistical method has been used to convert sea surface height (SSH) anomalies observations from TOPEX/POSEIDON into synthetic temperature profiles. The innovative aspect of this method is the introduction of time dependency in the correlations used to transform the altimeter observations into temperature corrections. The assimilation system is based on a univariate variational optimal interpolation scheme applied to assimilate both in situ and synthetic temperature profiles. In addition, a longer global analysis for the upper-ocean temperature starting from January 1979 and ending November 1997, has been produced to examine the skill of sea temperature assimilation with a rather simple and practical method. The temperature analysis shows encouraging improvement over a corresponding ocean simulation when compared to independent (not assimilated) temperature data both at seasonal and interannual time scales. However, the univariate data assimilation of hydrographic data does not result in an improvement of the velocity field. In fact the assimilation of sparse in situ data can introduce unrealistic spatial variability in the temperature field which affects the velocity field in a negative way. This deficiency is partially overcome when we also assimilate altimeter observations since the coverage is complete and uniform for this data. In particular, our study shows that temperature corrections due to the altimeter signal have a positive impact on the current system in the tropical Pacific.en
dc.description.sponsorshipWe are grateful to Mike McPhaden of NOAA PMEL for providing us with the data from the TOGA TAO array. The altimeter products have been produced by the CLS Space Oceanography Division as part of the European Union Environ- ment and Climate project AGORA (Contract ENV4-CT95-0113) and DUACS (ENV4-CT96-0357) with ®nancial support from the CEO programme (Centre for Earth Observation) and Midi-Pyre- nees regional council. In particular, we wish to thank P.Y. Le Traon for the altimeter data. We also thank A. Fox for providing us with the processed WOCE data. The simulation data set has been provided by Martin Fischer. One of the authors (SM) has been supported by the Environment and Climate program, AGO- RA Project (Contract ENV4-CT95-0113) and the EU-CEO pro- gram, GANES Project (Contract ENV4-CT98-0744).en
dc.language.isoEnglishen
dc.publisher.nameSpringer Verlag GMBH Germanyen
dc.relation.ispartofClimate dynamicsen
dc.relation.ispartofseries9/17 (2001)en
dc.subjectOcean modelingen
dc.subjectOcean data assimilationen
dc.subjectSatellite altimetryen
dc.subjectOptimal interpolationen
dc.titleA global ocean temperature and altimeter data assimilation system for studies of climate variabilityen
dc.typearticleen
dc.description.statusPublisheden
dc.type.QualityControlPeer-revieweden
dc.description.pagenumber687-700en
dc.subject.INGV03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.04. Ocean data assimilation and reanalysisen
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s003820000142en
dc.relation.referencesBehringer DW, Ji M, Leetmaa A (1998) An improved coupled model for ENSO prediction and implications for ocean ini- tialization. Part I: the ocean data assimilation system. Mon Weather Rev 126: 1013-1021 Bennett AF, Budgell WP (1987) Ocean data assimilation and the Kalman ®lter: spatial regularity. J Phys Oceanogr 17: 1583- 1601 Carton JA, Chepurin G, Cao X (2000a) A simple ocean data as- similation analysis of the global upper ocean 1950-95. Part I: methodology. J Phys Oceanogr 30: 294-309 Carton JA, Chepurin G, Cao X (2000b) A simple ocean data as- similation analysis of the global upper ocean 1950-95. Part II: resutls. J Phys Oceanogr 30: 311-326 Cox MD (1984) A primitive equation, 3-dimensional model of the ocean. GFDL Ocean Group Tech Rep 1, pp 143 Derber J, Rosati A (1989) A global oceanic data assimilation sys- tem. J Phys Oceanogr 19: 1333-1347 Fischer M, Navarra A (2000) GIOTTO: a coupled atmosphere- ocean general circulation model, the tropics. Q J R Meteorol Soc 126: 1991-2012 Goddard L, Graham NE (1997) El NinÄo in the 1990s. J Geophys Res 102: 10 423-10 436 Ji M, Smith TM (1995) Ocean model response to temperature data assimilation and varying surface wind stress: intercomparisons and implications for climate forecast. Mon Weather Rev 123: 1811-1821 Ji M, Leetmaa A, Derber J (1995) An ocean analysis system for seasonal to interannual climate studies. Mon Weather Rev 123: 460-481 Ji M, Reynolds RW, Behringer DW (2000) Use of TOPEX/ Poseidon sea level data for ocean analyses and ENSO predic- tion: some early results. J Clim 13: 216-231 Le Dimet FX, Talagrand O (1986) Variational algorithms for analysis and assimilation of meteorological observations. Tellus 38A: 97-110 Le Traon PY, Nadal F, Ducet N (1998) An improved mapping method of multisatellite altimeter data. J Atmos Oceanic Tech 15: 522-534 Levitus S, Boyer TP (1994) World Ocean Atlas 1994 vol 4: tem- perature. NOAA Atlas NESDIS 4, US Government Printing Offce, Washington, DC, pp 117 Lorenc AC (1986) Analysis methods for numerical weather pre- diction. Q J R Meteorol Soc 112: 1177-1194 Mellor GL, Ezer T (1991) A Gulf Stream model and altimetry assimilation scheme. J Geophys Res 96: 8779-8795 Mellor GL, Yamada T (1982) Development of a turbulence closure model for geophysical ¯uid problems. Rev Geophys Space Phys 20: 851-875 Miyakoda K, Rosati A, Gudgel RG (1997) Prediction of internal climate variations. NATO-ASI series 16, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 125 Pinardi N, Masina S, Navarra A, Miyakoda K, Masetti E (1997) Global ocean data assimilation of temperature data: prelimi- nary results. Operational Oceanography - The challenge for European Co-operation. Proc First Int Conf EuroGOOS, Elsevier Oceanography Series, 62, Elsevier, Amsterdam Reynolds RW, Smith TM (1994) Improved global sea surface temperature analyses using optimum interpolation. J Clim 7: 929-948 Rosati A, Miyakoda K (1988) A general circulation model for upper ocean simulations. J Phys Oceanogr 18: 1601-1626 Rosati A, Gudgel RG, Miyakoda K (1995) Decadal analysis pro- duced from an ocean data assimilation system. Mon Weather Rev 123: 2206-2228 Smagorinsky J (1993) Some historical remarks on the use of non- linear viscosities. In: Galperin B, Orzag SA (eds) Large eddy simulation of complex engineering and geo-physical flows. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, pp 3-36en
dc.description.obiettivoSpecifico4A. Clima e Oceanien
dc.description.journalTypeJCR Journalen
dc.description.fulltextrestricteden
dc.relation.issn0930-7575en
dc.relation.eissn1432-0894en
dc.contributor.authorMasina, S.en
dc.contributor.authorPinardi, N.en
dc.contributor.authorNavarra, A.en
dc.contributor.departmentIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italiaen
dc.contributor.departmentUniversity of Bologna, Ravenna, Italyen
dc.contributor.departmentIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italiaen
item.openairetypearticle-
item.cerifentitytypePublications-
item.languageiso639-1en-
item.grantfulltextrestricted-
item.openairecristypehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_18cf-
item.fulltextWith Fulltext-
crisitem.author.deptIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Sezione Bologna, Bologna, Italia-
crisitem.author.deptCMCC, Italy-
crisitem.author.orcid0000-0001-6273-7065-
crisitem.author.orcid0000-0003-4765-0775-
crisitem.author.parentorgIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia-
crisitem.classification.parent03. Hydrosphere-
crisitem.department.parentorgIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia-
crisitem.department.parentorgIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia-
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