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Gas geochemistry of the magmatic-hydrothermal fluid reservoir in the Copahue–Caviahue Volcanic Complex (Argentina)
Author(s)
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
Status
Published
JCR Journal
JCR Journal
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
/257 (2013)
ISSN
0377-0273
Electronic ISSN
1872-6097
Publisher
Elsevier Science Limited
Pages (printed)
44–56
Issued date
2013
Abstract
Copahue volcano is part of the Caviahue–Copahue Volcanic Complex (CCVC),which is located in the southwestern
sector of the Caviahue volcano-tectonic depression (Argentina–Chile). This depression is a pull-apart basin accommodating
stresses between the southern Liquiñe–Ofqui strike slip and the northern Copahue–Antiñir compressive
fault systems, in a back-arc setting with respect to the Southern Andean Volcanic Zone. In this study, we present
chemical (inorganic and organic) and isotope compositions (δ13C-CO2, δ15N, 3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, δ13C-CH4,
δD-CH4, and δD-H2O and δ18O-H2O) of fumaroles and bubbling gases of thermal springs located at the foot of
Copahue volcano sampled in 2006, 2007 and 2012. Helium isotope ratios, the highest observed for a Southern
American volcano (R/Ra up to 7.94), indicate a non-classic arc-like setting, but rather an extensional regime
subdued to asthenospheric thinning. δ13C-CO2 values (from −8.8‰ to −6.8‰ vs. V-PDB), δ15N values
(+5.3‰ to +5.5‰ vs. Air) and CO2/3He ratios (from 1.4 to 8.8 × 109) suggest that the magmatic source
is significantly affected by contamination of subducted sediments. Gases discharged from the northern sector
of the CCVC show contribution of 3He-poor fluids likely permeating through local fault systems. Despite the
clear mantle isotope signature in the CCVC gases, the acidic gas species have suffered scrubbing processes by a
hydrothermal system mainly recharged by meteoric water. Gas geothermometry in the H2O-CO2-CH4-CO-H2
system suggests that CO and H2 re-equilibrate in a separated vapor phase at 200°–220 °C. On the contrary,
rock–fluid interactions controlling CO2, CH4 production from Sabatier reaction and C3H8 dehydrogenation
seem to occur within the hydrothermal reservoir at temperatures ranging from 250° to 300 °C. Fumarole
gases sampled in 2006–2007 show relatively low N2/He and N2/Ar ratios and high R/Ra values with respect to
those measured in 2012. Such compositional and isotope variations were likely related to injection of mafic
magma that likely triggered the 2000 eruption. Therefore, changes affecting the magmatic systemhad a delayed
effect on the chemistry of the CCVC gases due to the presence of the hydrothermal reservoir. However, geochemical
monitoring activities mainly focused on the behavior of inert gas compounds (N2 and He), should be increased to
investigate the mechanism at the origin of the unrest started in 2011.
sector of the Caviahue volcano-tectonic depression (Argentina–Chile). This depression is a pull-apart basin accommodating
stresses between the southern Liquiñe–Ofqui strike slip and the northern Copahue–Antiñir compressive
fault systems, in a back-arc setting with respect to the Southern Andean Volcanic Zone. In this study, we present
chemical (inorganic and organic) and isotope compositions (δ13C-CO2, δ15N, 3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, δ13C-CH4,
δD-CH4, and δD-H2O and δ18O-H2O) of fumaroles and bubbling gases of thermal springs located at the foot of
Copahue volcano sampled in 2006, 2007 and 2012. Helium isotope ratios, the highest observed for a Southern
American volcano (R/Ra up to 7.94), indicate a non-classic arc-like setting, but rather an extensional regime
subdued to asthenospheric thinning. δ13C-CO2 values (from −8.8‰ to −6.8‰ vs. V-PDB), δ15N values
(+5.3‰ to +5.5‰ vs. Air) and CO2/3He ratios (from 1.4 to 8.8 × 109) suggest that the magmatic source
is significantly affected by contamination of subducted sediments. Gases discharged from the northern sector
of the CCVC show contribution of 3He-poor fluids likely permeating through local fault systems. Despite the
clear mantle isotope signature in the CCVC gases, the acidic gas species have suffered scrubbing processes by a
hydrothermal system mainly recharged by meteoric water. Gas geothermometry in the H2O-CO2-CH4-CO-H2
system suggests that CO and H2 re-equilibrate in a separated vapor phase at 200°–220 °C. On the contrary,
rock–fluid interactions controlling CO2, CH4 production from Sabatier reaction and C3H8 dehydrogenation
seem to occur within the hydrothermal reservoir at temperatures ranging from 250° to 300 °C. Fumarole
gases sampled in 2006–2007 show relatively low N2/He and N2/Ar ratios and high R/Ra values with respect to
those measured in 2012. Such compositional and isotope variations were likely related to injection of mafic
magma that likely triggered the 2000 eruption. Therefore, changes affecting the magmatic systemhad a delayed
effect on the chemistry of the CCVC gases due to the presence of the hydrothermal reservoir. However, geochemical
monitoring activities mainly focused on the behavior of inert gas compounds (N2 and He), should be increased to
investigate the mechanism at the origin of the unrest started in 2011.
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Complejo Volcánico Copahue Caviahue y su aplicación para tareas de seguimiento.
Ph.D. Thesis, Universidad de Buenos Aires, pp. 270.
Anderson, R.B., 1984. The Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis. Academic Press, New York.
Bermúdez, A., Delpino, D., 1995. Mapa de lospeligros potenciales en el area del Volcàn
Copahue, Sector Argentino: Neuquen, Argentina. Province of Neuquen Geological
Survey, scale 1:50 000.
Bermúdez, A., Delpino, D., López Escobar, L., 2002. Caracterización geoquímica de lavas
y piroclastos holocenos del volcán Copahue, incluyendo los originados en la
erupción del año 2000. Comparación con otros volcanes de la Zona Volcánica Sur de
los Andes. Final Proc. XV Congreso Geológico Argentino, Calafate, Argentina, pp.
377–382.
Capaccioni, B., Mangani, F., 2001. Monitoring of active but quiescent volcanoes using
light hydrocarbon distribution in volcanic gases: the results of 4 years of discontinuous
monitoring in the Campi Flegrei (Italy). Earth and Planetary Science Letters 188,
543–555.
Capaccioni, B., Martini, M., Mangani, F., Giannini, G., Nappi, G., Prati, F., 1993. Light hydrocarbons
in gas-emissions from volcanic areas and geothermal fields. Geochemical
Journal 27, 7–17.
Capaccioni, B., Martini, M., Mangani, F., 1995. Light hydrocarbons in hydrothermal and
magmatic fumaroles: hints of catalytic and thermal reactions. Bulletin of Volcanology
56, 593–600.
Capaccioni, B., Tassi, F., Vaselli, O., 2001. Organic and inorganic geochemistry of low
temperature gas discharges at the Baia di Levante beach, Vulcano Island, Italy. Journal
of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 108, 173–185.
Capaccioni, B., Taran, Y., Tassi, F., Vaselli, O., Mangani, F., Macias, J.L., 2004. Source conditions
and degradation processes of light hydrocarbons in volcanic gases: an example
from El Chichón volcano (Chiapas State, Mexico). Chemical Geology 20, 81–96.
Capaccioni, B., Aguilera, F., Tassi, F., Vaselli, O., 2011. Geochemistry of gas emissions
from Tacora volcano (northern Chile): evidences of magmatic fluid input into a
hydrothermal reservoir. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 208,
77–85.
Caselli, A.T., Agusto, M.R., Fazio, A., 2005. Cambios térmicos y geoquímicos del lago
cratérico del volcán Copahue (Neuquén): posibles variaciones cíclicas del
sistema volcánico. Final Proc. XVI Congreso Geológico Argentino, La Plata, Argentina,
pp. 751–756.
Cembrano, J., Shermer, E., Lavenu, A., Sanueza, A., 2000. Contrasting nature of the formation
along an intraarc shear zone, the Liquiñe–Ofqui fault zone, Southern Chilean
Andes. Tectonophysics 319, 129–149.
Chiodini, G., Marini, L., 1998. Hydrothermal gas equilibria: The H2O-H2-CO2-CO-CH4
system. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 62, 2673–2687.
Chiodini, G., Cioni, R., Marini, L., 1993. Reactions governing the chemistry of crater fumaroles
from Vulcano Island, Italy, and implications for volcanic surveillance. Applied
Geochemistry 8 (4), 357–371.
Chiodini, G., Brombach, T., Caliro, S., Cardellini, C., Marini, L., Dietrich, V., 2002. Geochemical
indicators of possible ongoing volcanic unrest at Nisyros Island (Greece).
Geophysical Research Letters 29 (16). http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001GL01435.
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