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Experimental simulation of magma–carbonate interaction beneath Mt. Vesuvius, Italy
Author(s)
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
Status
Published
JCR Journal
JCR Journal
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
/166(2013)
ISSN
0010-7999
Electronic ISSN
1432-0967
Publisher
Springer Verlag Germany
Pages (printed)
1335-1353
Issued date
2013
Abstract
We simulated the process of magma–carbonate
interaction beneath Mt. Vesuvius in short duration piston-cylinder experiments under controlled magmatic conditions (from 0 to 300 s at 0.5 GPa and 1,200 C), using a
Vesuvius shoshonite composition and upper crustal limestone and dolostone as starting materials. Backscattered
electron images and chemical analysis (major and trace elements and Sr isotopes) of sequential experimental products allow us to identify the textural and chemical
evolution of carbonated products during the assimilation process. We demonstrate that melt–carbonate interaction can be extremely fast (minutes), and results in dynamic
contamination of the host melt with respect to Ca, Mg and87Sr/86Sr, coupled with intense CO2 vesiculation at the melt–carbonate interface. Binary mixing between carbon-
ate and uncontaminated melt cannot explain the geochemical variations of the experimental charges in full and
convection and diffusion likely also operated in the charges. Physical mixing and mingling driven by exsolving
volatiles seems to be a key process to promote melt homogenisation. Our results reinforce hypotheses that
magma–carbonate interaction is a relevant and ongoing process at Mt. Vesuvius and one that may operate not only on a geological, but on a human timescale.
interaction beneath Mt. Vesuvius in short duration piston-cylinder experiments under controlled magmatic conditions (from 0 to 300 s at 0.5 GPa and 1,200 C), using a
Vesuvius shoshonite composition and upper crustal limestone and dolostone as starting materials. Backscattered
electron images and chemical analysis (major and trace elements and Sr isotopes) of sequential experimental products allow us to identify the textural and chemical
evolution of carbonated products during the assimilation process. We demonstrate that melt–carbonate interaction can be extremely fast (minutes), and results in dynamic
contamination of the host melt with respect to Ca, Mg and87Sr/86Sr, coupled with intense CO2 vesiculation at the melt–carbonate interface. Binary mixing between carbon-
ate and uncontaminated melt cannot explain the geochemical variations of the experimental charges in full and
convection and diffusion likely also operated in the charges. Physical mixing and mingling driven by exsolving
volatiles seems to be a key process to promote melt homogenisation. Our results reinforce hypotheses that
magma–carbonate interaction is a relevant and ongoing process at Mt. Vesuvius and one that may operate not only on a geological, but on a human timescale.
Sponsors
Swedish
Science Foundation (VR), the Centre for Natural Disaster Science
(CNDS), Uppsala University (UU), the Royal Swedish Academy of Science (KVA), the Irish Research Council for Science (IRCSET),
and the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
Science Foundation (VR), the Centre for Natural Disaster Science
(CNDS), Uppsala University (UU), the Royal Swedish Academy of Science (KVA), the Irish Research Council for Science (IRCSET),
and the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
References
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Geochemical and isotopic (Nd–Pb–Sr–O) variations bearing on
the genesis of volcanic rocks from Vesuvius, Italy. J Volcanol
Geotherm Res 82:53–78
Baker DR (1991) Interdiffusion of hydrous dacitic and rhyolitic melts
and the efficacy of rhyolite contamination of dacitic enclaves.
Contrib Mineral Petrol 106:462–473
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in silicate melts and its effects on melt inclusions. Ann Geophys
28:699–717
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Sbrana A (1981) The Somma-Vesuvius magma chamber: a
petrological and vulcanological approach. Bull Volcanol
44:295–315
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(2009) Solubility of H2O and CO2 in ultrapotassic melts at 1200
and 1250 C and pressure from 50 to 500 MPa. Am Mineral
94:105–120
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Naples: a contribution to delineating the structural pattern of the
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in silicate melts: solubility, speciation, and stable carbon isotope
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Deegan FM, Jolis EM (2012) Viscosity controlled magma-carbonate interaction: a comparison of Mt. Vesuvius (Italy) and
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C–O–H mixtures in natural melts: new experimental data and
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Quaternary evolution of the southern sector of the Campanian
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high-precision analysis of strontium and rubidium at single
crystal scale for petrological and geochronological applications.
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convective compositional layering within the Vesuvius magma
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(2004) Thermal and geochemical constraints on the ‘deep’
magmatic structure of Mt. Vesuvius. J Volcanol Geotherm Res
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pyroclastic clinopyroxene monitors carbonate contributions to
Roman-type ultrapotassic magmas. Contrib Mineral Petrol
148:247–263
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CO2 purging magma at depth: influence on the eruptive activity
of Somma-Vesuvius, Italy. Earth Planet Sci Lett 310:84–95
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Heterogeneities in Magma Chambers: insights from the behavior
of major and minor elements during mixing experiments with
natural alkaline melts. Chem Geol 256:130–144
Deegan FM, Troll VR, Freda C, Misiti V, Chadwick JP, McLeod CL,
Davidson JP (2010) Magma-carbonate interaction processes and
associated CO2 release at Merapi volcano, Indonesia: insights
from experimental petrology. J Petrol 51:1027–1051
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and furious: crustal CO2 release at Merapi volcano, Indonesia.
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Magma-carbonate interaction: an experimental study on ultrapot-assic rocks from Alban Hills (Central Italy). Lithos 101:397–415
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thermometamorphic-metasomatic magma chamber shell of the
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the genesis of volcanic rocks from Vesuvius, Italy. J Volcanol
Geotherm Res 82:53–78
Baker DR (1991) Interdiffusion of hydrous dacitic and rhyolitic melts
and the efficacy of rhyolite contamination of dacitic enclaves.
Contrib Mineral Petrol 106:462–473
Baker DR, Freda C, Brooker RA, Scarlato P (2005) Volatile diffusion
in silicate melts and its effects on melt inclusions. Ann Geophys
28:699–717
Barberi F, Bizouard H, Clocchiatti R, Metrich N, Santacroce R,
Sbrana A (1981) The Somma-Vesuvius magma chamber: a
petrological and vulcanological approach. Bull Volcanol
44:295–315
Behrens H, Misiti V, Freda C, Vetere F, Botcharnikov RE, Scarlato P
(2009) Solubility of H2O and CO2 in ultrapotassic melts at 1200
and 1250 C and pressure from 50 to 500 MPa. Am Mineral
94:105–120
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Vesuvian a´rea. J Volcanol Geotherm Res 82:139–150Blank JG, Brooker RA (1994) Experimental studies of carbon dioxide
in silicate melts: solubility, speciation, and stable carbon isotope
behaviour. In: Carroll MR, Holloway JR (ed) Volatiles in
magmas. Rev Mineral 20:157–186
Blythe L, Misiti V, Masotta M, Taddeucci J, Freda C, Troll VR,
Deegan FM, Jolis EM (2012) Viscosity controlled magma-carbonate interaction: a comparison of Mt. Vesuvius (Italy) and
Mt. Merapi (Indonesia). Geophys Res Abstracts 14, EGU2012-4779-1
Botcharnikov R, Freise M, Holtz F, Behrens H (2005) Solubility of
C–O–H mixtures in natural melts: new experimental data and
implication range of recent models. Ann Geophys 48:633–646
Brocchini D, Principe C, Castradori D, Laurenzi MA, Gorla L (2001)
Quaternary evolution of the southern sector of the Campanian
Plain and early Somma-Vesuvius activity: insights from the
Trecase 1 well. Mineral Petrol 73:67–91
Chadwick JP, Troll VR, Ginibre C, Morgan D, Gertisser R, Waight
TE, Davidson JP (2007) Carbonate assimilation at Merapi
volcano, Java, Indonesia: insights from crystal isotope stratig-raphy. J Petrol 48:1793–1812
Charlier BLA, Ginibre C, Morgan D, Nowell GM, Pearson DG,
Davidson JP, Ottley CJ (2006) Methods for microsampling and
high-precision analysis of strontium and rubidium at single
crystal scale for petrological and geochronological applications.
Chem Geol 232:114–133
Civetta L, Galati R, Santacroce R (1991) Magma mixing and
convective compositional layering within the Vesuvius magma
chamber. Bull Volcanol 53:287–300
Civetta L, D’Antonio M, De Lorenzo S, Di Renzo V, Gasparini P
(2004) Thermal and geochemical constraints on the ‘deep’
magmatic structure of Mt. Vesuvius. J Volcanol Geotherm Res
133:1–12
D’Antonio M, Civetta L, Orsi G, Pappalardo L, Piochi M, Carandente
A, De Vita S, Di Vito MA, Isaia R, Southon J (1999) The present
state of the magmatic system of the Campi Flegrei caldera based
on the reconstruction of its behaviour in the past 12 ka.
J Volcanol Geotherm Res 91:247–268
Dallai L, Freda C, Gaeta M (2004) Oxygen isotope geochemistry of
pyroclastic clinopyroxene monitors carbonate contributions to
Roman-type ultrapotassic magmas. Contrib Mineral Petrol
148:247–263
Dallai L, Cioni R, Boschi C, D’Oriano C (2011) Carbonate-derived
CO2 purging magma at depth: influence on the eruptive activity
of Somma-Vesuvius, Italy. Earth Planet Sci Lett 310:84–95
De Campos CP, Dingwell DB, Perugini D, Civetta L, Fehr TK (2008)
Heterogeneities in Magma Chambers: insights from the behavior
of major and minor elements during mixing experiments with
natural alkaline melts. Chem Geol 256:130–144
Deegan FM, Troll VR, Freda C, Misiti V, Chadwick JP, McLeod CL,
Davidson JP (2010) Magma-carbonate interaction processes and
associated CO2 release at Merapi volcano, Indonesia: insights
from experimental petrology. J Petrol 51:1027–1051
Deegan FM, Troll VR, Freda C, Misiti V, Chadwick JP (2011) Fast
and furious: crustal CO2 release at Merapi volcano, Indonesia.
Geol Today 27:57–58
Del Moro A, Fulignati P, Marianelli P, Sbrana A (2001) Magma
contamination by direct wall rock interaction: constraints from
xenoliths from the wall of carbonate-hosted magma chamber
(Vesuvius 1944 eruption). J Volc Geotherm Res 112:15–24
Del Pezzo E, Bianco F, De Siena L, Zollo A (2006) Small scale
shallow attenuation structure at Mt. Vesuvius, Italy. Phys Earth
Planet Inter 157:257–268
Di Matteo V, Mangiacapra A, Dingwell DB, Orsi G (2006) Water
solubility and speciation in shoshonitic and latitic composition
from Campi Flegrei Caldera (Italy). Chem Geol 229:113–12 Di Renzo V, Di Vito MA, Arienzo I, Carandente A, Civetta L,
D’Antonio M, Giordano F, Orsi G, Tonarini S (2007) Magmatic
History of Somma-Vesuvius on the basis of new geochemical
and isotopic data from a deep borehole (Camaldoli della Torre).
J Petrol 48:753–784
Dingwell DB (1996) Volcanic dilemma: flow or blow? Science
273:1054–1055
Dixon JE (1997) Degassing of alkali basalts. Am Mineral 82:368–378
Font L, Davidson JP, Pearson DG, Nowell GM, Jerram DA, Ottley CJ
(2008) Sr and Pb isotope micro-analysis of plagioclase crystals
from Skye lavas: an insight into open-system processes in a flood
basalt province. J Petrol 49:1449–1471
Freda C, Gaeta M, Palladino DM, Trigila R (1997) The Villa Senni
Eruption (Alban Hills, central Italy): the role of H2O and CO2 on
the magma chamber evolution and on the eruptive scenario.
J Volcanol Geotherm Res 78:103–120
Freda C, Baker D, Ottolini L (2001) Reduction of water loss from
gold-palladium capsules during piston cylinder experiments by
use of pyrophyllite powder. Am Mineral 86:234–237
Freda C, Gaeta M, Misiti V, Mollo S, Dolfi D, Scarlato P (2008)
Magma-carbonate interaction: an experimental study on ultrapot-assic rocks from Alban Hills (Central Italy). Lithos 101:397–415
Freda C, Gaeta M, Giaccio B, Marra F, Palladino DM, Scarlato P,
Sottili G (2011) CO2-driven large mafic explosive eruptions: the
Pozzolane Rosse case study from the Colli Albani Volcanic
District (Italy). Bull Volcanol 73:241–256
Fulignati P, Gioncada A, Sbrana A (1995) The magma chamber related
hydrothermal system of Vesuvius, first mineralogical and fluid
inclusion data on hydrothermalized subvolcanic and lavic samples
from phreatomagmatic eruptions. Per Mineral 64:185–187
Fulignati P, Marianelli P, Sbrana A (1998) New insights on the
thermometamorphic-metasomatic magma chamber shell of the
1944 eruption of Vesuvius. Acta Vulcanol 10:47–54
Fulignati P, Marianelli P, Santacroce R, Sbrana A (2004) Probing the
Vesuvius magma chamber-host rock interface through xenoliths.
Geol Mag 141:417–428
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