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Present day kinematics of Italy
Author(s)
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
Status
Published
JCR Journal
N/A or not JCR
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
/36 (2010)
Electronic ISSN
1441-8142
Pages (printed)
paper 2
Issued date
2010
Alternative Location
Abstract
We present the velocity field of Italy derived from the analysis of continuous GPS
observations collected during 1998-2009 from 287 sites. The GPS networks analyzed cover the whole
country with a mean inter-site distance of about 50 km. The processing is performed using two
software programs, BERNESE and GAMIT, adopting in both cases a distributed session approach
with more than 10 clusters, sharing common stations, each of them consisting of about 40 stations.
Daily loosely constrained solutions (saved as SINEX files) are routinely produced for each cluster by
two data analysis centres and the velocity field is obtained by stacking the daily normal equations.
The rigorous combination of independent solutions allows the cross-validation of the velocity field.
We have analyzed the time series of the entire area referenced to a common frame (ITRF2005 with
respect to Eurasian Plate) and have estimated the velocity field providing an updated detailed picture
of the kinematics (velocity map) and deformation pattern (strain rate map) of the Italian area.
Additionally, we have combined the two velocity fields obtained from the two software programs
obtaining the average velocity field of the Italian area. The two velocity fields agree at the level of
0.2-0.3 mm/yr consistent with their standard deviations. The deformation patterns (strain-rates) do
have significant features, showing a distinctive extension along the Apennines on the order of 50-80
10-9 yr-1 and less pronounced areas of compressive tectonic behaviour at the level of 30-50 10-9 yr-1.
The GPS kinematic description of the crustal deformation shows a high coherence with the
seismotectonic setting of the Italian area.
observations collected during 1998-2009 from 287 sites. The GPS networks analyzed cover the whole
country with a mean inter-site distance of about 50 km. The processing is performed using two
software programs, BERNESE and GAMIT, adopting in both cases a distributed session approach
with more than 10 clusters, sharing common stations, each of them consisting of about 40 stations.
Daily loosely constrained solutions (saved as SINEX files) are routinely produced for each cluster by
two data analysis centres and the velocity field is obtained by stacking the daily normal equations.
The rigorous combination of independent solutions allows the cross-validation of the velocity field.
We have analyzed the time series of the entire area referenced to a common frame (ITRF2005 with
respect to Eurasian Plate) and have estimated the velocity field providing an updated detailed picture
of the kinematics (velocity map) and deformation pattern (strain rate map) of the Italian area.
Additionally, we have combined the two velocity fields obtained from the two software programs
obtaining the average velocity field of the Italian area. The two velocity fields agree at the level of
0.2-0.3 mm/yr consistent with their standard deviations. The deformation patterns (strain-rates) do
have significant features, showing a distinctive extension along the Apennines on the order of 50-80
10-9 yr-1 and less pronounced areas of compressive tectonic behaviour at the level of 30-50 10-9 yr-1.
The GPS kinematic description of the crustal deformation shows a high coherence with the
seismotectonic setting of the Italian area.
Sponsors
This research has benefited from funding provided by
the Italian Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri - Dipartimento
della Protezione Civile (DPC) within the INGVDPC 2007-2009 agreement (project S1)
the Italian Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri - Dipartimento
della Protezione Civile (DPC) within the INGVDPC 2007-2009 agreement (project S1)
References
Altamimi, Z., Collilieux X., Legrand J., Garayt B., Boucher, C.,
2007. ITRF2005: A new release of the International
Terrestrial Reference Frame based on time series station
positions and Earth Orientation Parameters. Journal of
Geophysical Research 12 (B09401),
10.1029/2007JB004949.
Avallone, A., Selvaggi, G., D'Anastasio, E., D'Agostino, N.,
Pietrantonio, G., Riguzzi, F., Serpelloni, E., Anzidei, M.,
Casula, G., Cecere, G., D'Ambrosio, C., De Martino, P.,
Devoti, R., Falco, L., Mattia, M., Rossi, M., Obrizzo, F.,
Tammaro, U., Zarrilli, L., 2010. The RING network:
improvement of a GPS velocity field in the central
Mediterranean. Annals of Geophysics**, 53 (2), available at:
http://www.annalsofgeophysics.eu/index.php/annals/
article/view/4549.
Beutler, G. et al., 2007. Bernese GPS Software. In: Dach R.,
Hugentobler U., Fridez P., Meindl M. (Eds), Astronomical
Institute, University of Bern. (http://www.bernese.unibe.ch/)
Biagi, L., Sansò, F., 2003, 2004a, 2004b. Sistemi di riferimento
in Geodesia: algebra e geometria dei minimi quadrati per un
modello con deficienza di rango. Bollettino di. Geodesia e
Scienze Affini 4 (2003), 1-2 (2004), in Italian.
Bird, P., Kreemer, C., Holt, W. E., 2010. A long-term forecast of
shallow seismicity based on the Global Strain Rate Map.
Seismological Research Letters 81 (2), 184-194, 10.1785/
gssrl.81.2.184.
Blewitt, G., Lavallée, D., 2002. Effect of annual signals on
geodetic velocity. Journal of Geophysical Research 107
(B7), 10.1029/2001JB000570.
Caporali, A., Martin, A., Massironi, M., 2003. Average strain
rate in the Italian crust inferred from a permanent GPS
network – II Strain rate versus seismicity and structural
geology. Geophysical Journal International 155, 254-268.
D'Agostino, N., Mantenuto, S., D'Anastasio, E., Avallone, A.,
Barchi, M., Collettini, C., Radicioni, F., Stoppini, A.,
Fastellini, G., 2009. Contemporary crustal extension in the
Umbria Marche Apennines from regional CGPS networks
and comparison between geodetic and seismic
deformation. Tectonophysics 476, 3-12, 10.1016/j.tecto.
2008.09.033.
Davies, P., Blewitt, G., 2000. Methodology for global geodetic
timeseries estimation: a new tool for geodynamics. Journal
of Geophysical Research 105 (B5), 11083–11100.
Devoti, R., Riguzzi, F., Cuffaro, M., Doglioni, C., 2008. New
GPS constraints on the kinematics of the Apennine
subduction. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 273, 1-2,
163-174.
Dong, D., Bock, R. W.,1989. GPS network analysis with phase
ambiguity resolution applied to crustal deformation studies
in California. Journal of Geophysical Research 94,
3949-3966.
Dong, D., Herring T. A., King R. W.,1998. Estimating regional
deformation from a combination of space and terrestrial
geodetic data. Journal of Geodesy 72, 200-214.
Heflin, M. B. et al., 1992. Global geodesy using GPS without
fiducial sites. Geophysical Research Letters 19 (2),
131-134.
Herring, T., King, R.W., McClusky, S., 2006. GAMIT Reference
Manual, Release 10.3. Department of Earth, Atmospheric,
and Planetary Sciences, Massachussetts Institute of
Technology. (http://www-gpsg.mit.edu/~simon/gtgk/)
IERS Technical Note 30, 2003. Proceedings of the IERS
Workshop on Combination Research and Global
Geophysical Fluids. Bavarian Academy of Sciences,
Munich, Germany, 18 - 21 November 2002. Edited by
Bernd Richter, Wolfgang Schwegmann, and Wolfgang R.
Dick, Frankfurt am Main: Verlag des Bundesamts für
Kartographie und Geodäsie, pp. 235, ISBN 3-89888-877-0.
Jenny, S., Goes, S., Giardini, D., Kahle, H.-G., 2006. Seismic
potential of Southern Italy. Tectonophysics 415,1-4,
81-101.
Kreemer, C., Holt, W.E., Haines, A.J., 2002. The global moment
rate distribution within plate boundary zones. Geodyn. Ser.
30, 173–189.
McCarthy, D. D., Petit, G., 2004. IERS Conventions (2003).
IERS Technical Note 32, Verlag des Budesamts fur
Kartographie und Geodasie, Frankfurt.
McClusky, S. et al., 2000. Global Positioning System
constraints on plate kinematics and dynamics in the
eastern Mediterranean and Caucasus. Journal of
Geophysical Research 105(B3), 5695–5719.
Pondrelli, S., Salimbeni, S., Morelli, A., Ekström, G., Olivieri, M.,
and Boschi, E., 2010, Seismic moment tensors of the April,
2009, L'Aquila (central Italy) earthquake sequence.
Geophysical Journal International 180, 238-242.
Schaffrin, B., Bock, Y., 1988. A unified scheme for processing
GPS phase observations. Bulletin Geodesique 62, 142–160.
Shen, Z. K., Jackson, D. D., Ge, B. X., 1996. Crustal
deformation across and beyond the Los Angeles basin from
geodetic measurements. Journal of Geophysical Research
101, 27, 957-27,980.
Serpelloni, E., Anzidei, M., Baldi., P., Casula, G., Galvani, A.,
2005. Crustal velocity and strain-rate fields in Italy and
surrounding regions: new results from the analysis of
permanent and non-permanent GPS networks.
Geophysical Journal International 161, 861-880.
Serpelloni, E., Casula, G., Galvani, A., Anzidei, M., Baldi, P.,
2006. Data analysis of permanent GPS networks in Italy
and surrounding regions: application of a distributed
processing approach. Annals of Geophysics 49, 897-928.
2007. ITRF2005: A new release of the International
Terrestrial Reference Frame based on time series station
positions and Earth Orientation Parameters. Journal of
Geophysical Research 12 (B09401),
10.1029/2007JB004949.
Avallone, A., Selvaggi, G., D'Anastasio, E., D'Agostino, N.,
Pietrantonio, G., Riguzzi, F., Serpelloni, E., Anzidei, M.,
Casula, G., Cecere, G., D'Ambrosio, C., De Martino, P.,
Devoti, R., Falco, L., Mattia, M., Rossi, M., Obrizzo, F.,
Tammaro, U., Zarrilli, L., 2010. The RING network:
improvement of a GPS velocity field in the central
Mediterranean. Annals of Geophysics**, 53 (2), available at:
http://www.annalsofgeophysics.eu/index.php/annals/
article/view/4549.
Beutler, G. et al., 2007. Bernese GPS Software. In: Dach R.,
Hugentobler U., Fridez P., Meindl M. (Eds), Astronomical
Institute, University of Bern. (http://www.bernese.unibe.ch/)
Biagi, L., Sansò, F., 2003, 2004a, 2004b. Sistemi di riferimento
in Geodesia: algebra e geometria dei minimi quadrati per un
modello con deficienza di rango. Bollettino di. Geodesia e
Scienze Affini 4 (2003), 1-2 (2004), in Italian.
Bird, P., Kreemer, C., Holt, W. E., 2010. A long-term forecast of
shallow seismicity based on the Global Strain Rate Map.
Seismological Research Letters 81 (2), 184-194, 10.1785/
gssrl.81.2.184.
Blewitt, G., Lavallée, D., 2002. Effect of annual signals on
geodetic velocity. Journal of Geophysical Research 107
(B7), 10.1029/2001JB000570.
Caporali, A., Martin, A., Massironi, M., 2003. Average strain
rate in the Italian crust inferred from a permanent GPS
network – II Strain rate versus seismicity and structural
geology. Geophysical Journal International 155, 254-268.
D'Agostino, N., Mantenuto, S., D'Anastasio, E., Avallone, A.,
Barchi, M., Collettini, C., Radicioni, F., Stoppini, A.,
Fastellini, G., 2009. Contemporary crustal extension in the
Umbria Marche Apennines from regional CGPS networks
and comparison between geodetic and seismic
deformation. Tectonophysics 476, 3-12, 10.1016/j.tecto.
2008.09.033.
Davies, P., Blewitt, G., 2000. Methodology for global geodetic
timeseries estimation: a new tool for geodynamics. Journal
of Geophysical Research 105 (B5), 11083–11100.
Devoti, R., Riguzzi, F., Cuffaro, M., Doglioni, C., 2008. New
GPS constraints on the kinematics of the Apennine
subduction. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 273, 1-2,
163-174.
Dong, D., Bock, R. W.,1989. GPS network analysis with phase
ambiguity resolution applied to crustal deformation studies
in California. Journal of Geophysical Research 94,
3949-3966.
Dong, D., Herring T. A., King R. W.,1998. Estimating regional
deformation from a combination of space and terrestrial
geodetic data. Journal of Geodesy 72, 200-214.
Heflin, M. B. et al., 1992. Global geodesy using GPS without
fiducial sites. Geophysical Research Letters 19 (2),
131-134.
Herring, T., King, R.W., McClusky, S., 2006. GAMIT Reference
Manual, Release 10.3. Department of Earth, Atmospheric,
and Planetary Sciences, Massachussetts Institute of
Technology. (http://www-gpsg.mit.edu/~simon/gtgk/)
IERS Technical Note 30, 2003. Proceedings of the IERS
Workshop on Combination Research and Global
Geophysical Fluids. Bavarian Academy of Sciences,
Munich, Germany, 18 - 21 November 2002. Edited by
Bernd Richter, Wolfgang Schwegmann, and Wolfgang R.
Dick, Frankfurt am Main: Verlag des Bundesamts für
Kartographie und Geodäsie, pp. 235, ISBN 3-89888-877-0.
Jenny, S., Goes, S., Giardini, D., Kahle, H.-G., 2006. Seismic
potential of Southern Italy. Tectonophysics 415,1-4,
81-101.
Kreemer, C., Holt, W.E., Haines, A.J., 2002. The global moment
rate distribution within plate boundary zones. Geodyn. Ser.
30, 173–189.
McCarthy, D. D., Petit, G., 2004. IERS Conventions (2003).
IERS Technical Note 32, Verlag des Budesamts fur
Kartographie und Geodasie, Frankfurt.
McClusky, S. et al., 2000. Global Positioning System
constraints on plate kinematics and dynamics in the
eastern Mediterranean and Caucasus. Journal of
Geophysical Research 105(B3), 5695–5719.
Pondrelli, S., Salimbeni, S., Morelli, A., Ekström, G., Olivieri, M.,
and Boschi, E., 2010, Seismic moment tensors of the April,
2009, L'Aquila (central Italy) earthquake sequence.
Geophysical Journal International 180, 238-242.
Schaffrin, B., Bock, Y., 1988. A unified scheme for processing
GPS phase observations. Bulletin Geodesique 62, 142–160.
Shen, Z. K., Jackson, D. D., Ge, B. X., 1996. Crustal
deformation across and beyond the Los Angeles basin from
geodetic measurements. Journal of Geophysical Research
101, 27, 957-27,980.
Serpelloni, E., Anzidei, M., Baldi., P., Casula, G., Galvani, A.,
2005. Crustal velocity and strain-rate fields in Italy and
surrounding regions: new results from the analysis of
permanent and non-permanent GPS networks.
Geophysical Journal International 161, 861-880.
Serpelloni, E., Casula, G., Galvani, A., Anzidei, M., Baldi, P.,
2006. Data analysis of permanent GPS networks in Italy
and surrounding regions: application of a distributed
processing approach. Annals of Geophysics 49, 897-928.
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