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Active hydrothermal discharge on the submarine Aeolian Arc
Author(s)
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
Status
Published
JCR Journal
JCR Journal
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
/116 (2011)
Publisher
AGU
Pages (printed)
B02102
Issued date
February 2011
Abstract
In November 2007 we conducted a water column and seafloor mapping study of the
submarine volcanoes of the Aeolian Arc in the southern Tyrrhenian Sea aboard the R/V
Urania. On 26 conductivity‐temperature‐depth casts and tows we measured temperature,
conductivity, pressure, and light scattering and also collected discrete samples for helium
isotopes, methane, and pH. The 3He/4He isotope ratio, an unambiguous indicator of
hydrothermal input, showed a clear excess above background at 6 of the 10 submarine
volcanoes surveyed. Marsili seamount had the highest anomaly, where the 3He/4He ratio
reached a d3He value of 23% at 610 m depth compared with background values of ∼5%.
Smaller but distinct d3He anomalies occurred over Palinuro, Enarete, Eolo, Sisifo, and Secca
del Capo. Although hydrothermal emissions are known to occur offshore of some Aeolian
subaerial volcanoes, and hydrothermal deposits have been sampled throughout the arc,
our results are the first to confirm active discharge on Marsili, Enarete, Eolo, Sisifo, and
Secca del Capo. Samples collected over Lametini, Filicudi North, Alicudi North, and
Alcione had d3He near the regional background values, suggesting either absence of, or very
weak, hydrothermal activity on these seamounts. Hydrocasts between the volcanoes
revealed a consistent d3He maximum between 11% and 13% at 2000mdepth throughout the
SE Tyrrhenian Sea. The volcanoes of the Aeolian arc and the Marsili back arc, all <1000 m
deep, cannot contribute directly to this maximum. This deep 3He excess may be a remnant
of tritium decay or may have been produced by an unknown deep hydrothermal source.
submarine volcanoes of the Aeolian Arc in the southern Tyrrhenian Sea aboard the R/V
Urania. On 26 conductivity‐temperature‐depth casts and tows we measured temperature,
conductivity, pressure, and light scattering and also collected discrete samples for helium
isotopes, methane, and pH. The 3He/4He isotope ratio, an unambiguous indicator of
hydrothermal input, showed a clear excess above background at 6 of the 10 submarine
volcanoes surveyed. Marsili seamount had the highest anomaly, where the 3He/4He ratio
reached a d3He value of 23% at 610 m depth compared with background values of ∼5%.
Smaller but distinct d3He anomalies occurred over Palinuro, Enarete, Eolo, Sisifo, and Secca
del Capo. Although hydrothermal emissions are known to occur offshore of some Aeolian
subaerial volcanoes, and hydrothermal deposits have been sampled throughout the arc,
our results are the first to confirm active discharge on Marsili, Enarete, Eolo, Sisifo, and
Secca del Capo. Samples collected over Lametini, Filicudi North, Alicudi North, and
Alcione had d3He near the regional background values, suggesting either absence of, or very
weak, hydrothermal activity on these seamounts. Hydrocasts between the volcanoes
revealed a consistent d3He maximum between 11% and 13% at 2000mdepth throughout the
SE Tyrrhenian Sea. The volcanoes of the Aeolian arc and the Marsili back arc, all <1000 m
deep, cannot contribute directly to this maximum. This deep 3He excess may be a remnant
of tritium decay or may have been produced by an unknown deep hydrothermal source.
References
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Astraldi, M., S. Balopoulos, J. Candela, J. Font, M. Gacic, B.P. Gasparini, B. Manca, A. Theocharis, and J. Tintore (1999), The role of straits and channels in understanding the characteristics of Mediterranean circulation, Prog. Oceanog. 44, 65-108.
Baker, E. T., R. W. Embley, S. L. Walker, J A. Resing, J. E. Lupton, K. Nakamura, C. E. J. de Ronde, and G. J. Massoth (2008), Hydrothermal activity and volcano distribution along the Mariana arc, J. Geophys. Res., 113, B08S09, doi:10.1029/2007JB005423.
Beccaluva, L., et al. (1990), Geochemistry and mineralogy of volcanic rocks from ODP sites 650, 651, 655 and 654 in the Tyrrhenian Sea, Proc. Ocean Drill. Program Sci. Results, 107, 49–74.
Calanchi, N., C. Romagnoli, and P.L. Rossi (1995), Morphostructural features and some petrochemical data from the submerged area around Alicudi and Filicudi volcanic islands (Aeolian Aec, southern Tyrrhenian Sea), Mar. Geol. 123, 215-238.
Caracausi, A., M. Ditta, F. Italiano, M. Longo, P.M. Nuccio, and A. Paonita (2005), Massive submarine gas output during the volcanic unrest off Panarea Island (Aeolian arc, Italy): Inferences for explosive conditions, Geochem. J., 3, 459-467.
Cimini, G. B. (1999), P-wave velocity structure of the southern Tyrrhenian subduction zone from nonlinear teleseismic traveltime tomography, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 3709–3712.
Dando, P.R., D. Stuben, and S.P. Varnavas (1999), Hydrothermalism in the Mediterranean Sea, Prog. Oceanog., 44, 333-367.
Dekov, V.M., and C. Savelli (2004), Hydrothermal activity in the SE Tyrrhenian Sea: an overview of 30 years of research, Mar. Geol., 204, 161-185.
Dekov, V.M., G.D. Karnenov, C. Savelli, and J. Stummeyer (2006), Anthropogenic Pb component in hydrothennal ochres from Marsili Seamount (Tyrrhenian sea), Mar. Geol., 22, 199-208.
De Ritis R., I. Blanco-Montenegro, G. G. Ventura, and M. Chiappini (2005), Aeromagnetic data provide new insights on the volcanism and tectonics of Vulcano Island and offshore areas (southern Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy), Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, Art. No. L15305.
de Ronde, C.E.J., Baker, E.T., Massoth, G.J., Lupton, J.E., Wright, I.C., Feely, R.A. and Greene, R.G. (2001), Intra-oceanic subduction-related hydrothermal venting, Kermadec volcanic arc, New Zealand: Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.193, 359-369.
de Ronde, C.E.J., Baker, E.T., Massoth, G.J., Lupton, J.E., Wright, I.C., Sparks, R.J., Bannister, S.C., Reyners, M.E., Walker, S.L., Greene, R.R., Ishibashi, J., Faure, K., Resing, J.A. & Lebon, G.T. (2007), Submarine Hydrothermal Activity Along the mid-Kermadec Arc, New Zealand. Large-Scale Effects on Venting, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 8, Q07007, doi:10.1029/2006GC001495.
Eckhardt, J.-D., G.P. Glasby, H. Puchelt, and Z. Berner (1997), Hydrothermal manganese crusts from Enarete and Palinuro Seamounts in the Tyrrhenian Sea, Mar. Georesources & Geotechnol., 15, 175-208.
Embley, R.W., C.E.J. de Ronde, and J. Ishibashi (2008): Introduction to special section on Active magmatic, tectonic, and hydrothermal processes at intraoceanic arc submarine volcanoes, J. Geophys. Res., 113, B08S01, doi: 10.1029/2008JB00581.
Esposito, A., G. Giordano, and M. Anzidei (2006), The 2002-2003 submarine gas eruption at Panarea volcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy): Volcanology of the seafloor and implications for the hazard scenario, Mar. Geol., 227, 119-134.
Favali, P., A. De Santis, G. D’Anna, B. Di Sabatino, M, Sedita, and E. Rubino, (2005) A new active volcano in the Tyrrhenian Sea?, Ann. Geophys., 48, 1-6.
Favalli, M. M., D. Karatson, R. Mazzuoli, M.T. Pareschi, and G. Ventura (2005), Volcanic geomorphology and tectonics of the Aeolian archipelago (Southern Italy) based on integrated DEM data, Bull. Volcanol., 68, 157-170.
Gamberi F., and M.P. Marani (1997), Detailed bathymetric mapping of the eastern offshore slope of Lipari Island (Tyrrhenian Sea): Insight into the dark side of an arc volcano, Mar. Geophys. Res., 19, 363-377.
Gamberi, F., Marani, M., Landuzzi, V., Magagnoli, A., Penitenti, D., Rosi, M., Bertagnini, A., Di Roberto, A. (2006), Sedimentologic and volcanologic investigation of the deep Tyrrhenian sea: preliminary result of cruise VST02, Earth Prints,
http://hdl.handle.net/2122/1071
Granieri D., M.L. Carapezza, G. Chiodini, R. Avino, S. Caliro, M. Ranaldi, T. Ricci, and L. Tarchini (2006), Correlated increase in CO2 fumarolic content and diffuse emission from La Fossa crater (Vulcano, Italy): Evidence of volcanic unrest or increasing gas release from a stationary deep magma body?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, Art. No. L13316.
Gasparini, G.P., A. Ortona, B. Budillon, M. Astraldi, and E. Sansone (2005), The effect of the Eastern Mediterranean Transient on the hydrographic characteristics in the Strait of Sicily and in the Tyrrhenian Sea, Deep-Sea Res. I, 52, 915-935.
Hawkins, J. W., P. F. Lonsdale, J. D. Macdougall, and A. M. Volpe (1990), Petrology of the axial ridge of the Mariana Trough backarc spreading center, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.,100, 226–250.
Kastens, K. A., et al. (1988), ODP Leg 107 in the Tyrrhenian Sea: Insight into passive margin and backarc basin evolution, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 100, 1140–1156.
Kastens, K. A., et al. (1990), The geological evolution of the Tyrrhenian Sea: An introduction to the scientific results of ODP Leg 107, Proc. Ocean Drill. Program Sci. Results, 107, 3– 26.
Lascaratos, A., W. Roether, K. Nittis, and B. Klein (1999), Recent changes in deep water formation and spreading in the eastern Mediterranean Sea: a review, Prog. Oceanog. 44, 5-36.
Livermore, R., A. Cunningham, L. Vanneste, and R. Larter (1997), Subduction influence on magma supply at the East Scotia Ridge, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 150, 261–275.
Lupton, J.E. (1990), Water-column hydrothermal plumes on the Juande Fuca Ridge, J. Geophys. Res. 95, 12,829-12,842.
Marani, M. P., and T. Trua (2002), Thermal constriction and slab tearing at the origin of a superinflated spreading ridge: Marsili volcano (Tyrrhenian Sea), J. Geophys. Res.,107(B9), 2188, doi:10.1029/2001JB000285.
Petersen, S. and T. Monecke (2008), Tyrrhenian Sea massive sulfides, R/V Poseidon Cruise Report P340, July 6-17, 2006, IFM-GEOMAR Report 21, Kiel, 77 pp.
Petersen, S., et al. (2008), Drilling submarine hydrothermal systems in the Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy, InterRidge News 17, 21-23.
Resing, J.A., E.T. Baker, J.E. Lupton, S.L. Walker, D.A. Butterfield, G.J. Massoth, and K.-I. Nakamura (2009), Chemistry of hydrothermal plumes above submarine volcanoes of the Mariana Arc, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 10, Q02009, doi: 10.1029/2008GC002141.
Roether, W., B.B. Manca, B. Klein, D. Bregant, D. Georgopoulos, V. Beitzel, V. Kovačević, and A. Luchetta (1996), Recent changes in Eastern Mediterranean deep waters, Science 271, 333-335.
Roether, W., B. Klein, B.B. Manca, A. Theocharis, and S. Kioroglou (2007), Transient Eastern Mediterranean deep waters in response to the massive dense-water output of the Aegean Sea in the 1990s, Prog. Oceanog. 74, 540-571.
Sedwick P., and D. Stuben (1996), Chemistry of shallow submarine warm springs in an arc-volcanic setting: Vulcano Island, Aeolian Archipelago, Italy, Mar. Chem., 53, 147-161.
Stuben, D., P. Sedwick, C. Savelli, E. Ferretti, and Wolfson Sensor Group and Geomar Technologie GmbH (1993), Cruise report Poseidon 200-4 MIPAMEHR=MAST 1—Investigations on hydrothermalism in the Tyrrhenian and Aeolian Sea, Berichte Rpts.,
Geol.-Pala Ontolog. Institut Univ. Kiel 59.
Uchupi E. and R.D. Ballard (1989), Evidence of hydrothermal activity on Marsili Seamount, Tyrrhenian Basin, Deep Sea Res. 36, 1443-1448.
Young, C., and J. E. Lupton (1983), An ultratight fluid sampling system using cold-welded copper tubing, Eos Trans. AGU 64, 735.
Astraldi, M., S. Balopoulos, J. Candela, J. Font, M. Gacic, B.P. Gasparini, B. Manca, A. Theocharis, and J. Tintore (1999), The role of straits and channels in understanding the characteristics of Mediterranean circulation, Prog. Oceanog. 44, 65-108.
Baker, E. T., R. W. Embley, S. L. Walker, J A. Resing, J. E. Lupton, K. Nakamura, C. E. J. de Ronde, and G. J. Massoth (2008), Hydrothermal activity and volcano distribution along the Mariana arc, J. Geophys. Res., 113, B08S09, doi:10.1029/2007JB005423.
Beccaluva, L., et al. (1990), Geochemistry and mineralogy of volcanic rocks from ODP sites 650, 651, 655 and 654 in the Tyrrhenian Sea, Proc. Ocean Drill. Program Sci. Results, 107, 49–74.
Calanchi, N., C. Romagnoli, and P.L. Rossi (1995), Morphostructural features and some petrochemical data from the submerged area around Alicudi and Filicudi volcanic islands (Aeolian Aec, southern Tyrrhenian Sea), Mar. Geol. 123, 215-238.
Caracausi, A., M. Ditta, F. Italiano, M. Longo, P.M. Nuccio, and A. Paonita (2005), Massive submarine gas output during the volcanic unrest off Panarea Island (Aeolian arc, Italy): Inferences for explosive conditions, Geochem. J., 3, 459-467.
Cimini, G. B. (1999), P-wave velocity structure of the southern Tyrrhenian subduction zone from nonlinear teleseismic traveltime tomography, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 3709–3712.
Dando, P.R., D. Stuben, and S.P. Varnavas (1999), Hydrothermalism in the Mediterranean Sea, Prog. Oceanog., 44, 333-367.
Dekov, V.M., and C. Savelli (2004), Hydrothermal activity in the SE Tyrrhenian Sea: an overview of 30 years of research, Mar. Geol., 204, 161-185.
Dekov, V.M., G.D. Karnenov, C. Savelli, and J. Stummeyer (2006), Anthropogenic Pb component in hydrothennal ochres from Marsili Seamount (Tyrrhenian sea), Mar. Geol., 22, 199-208.
De Ritis R., I. Blanco-Montenegro, G. G. Ventura, and M. Chiappini (2005), Aeromagnetic data provide new insights on the volcanism and tectonics of Vulcano Island and offshore areas (southern Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy), Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, Art. No. L15305.
de Ronde, C.E.J., Baker, E.T., Massoth, G.J., Lupton, J.E., Wright, I.C., Feely, R.A. and Greene, R.G. (2001), Intra-oceanic subduction-related hydrothermal venting, Kermadec volcanic arc, New Zealand: Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.193, 359-369.
de Ronde, C.E.J., Baker, E.T., Massoth, G.J., Lupton, J.E., Wright, I.C., Sparks, R.J., Bannister, S.C., Reyners, M.E., Walker, S.L., Greene, R.R., Ishibashi, J., Faure, K., Resing, J.A. & Lebon, G.T. (2007), Submarine Hydrothermal Activity Along the mid-Kermadec Arc, New Zealand. Large-Scale Effects on Venting, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 8, Q07007, doi:10.1029/2006GC001495.
Eckhardt, J.-D., G.P. Glasby, H. Puchelt, and Z. Berner (1997), Hydrothermal manganese crusts from Enarete and Palinuro Seamounts in the Tyrrhenian Sea, Mar. Georesources & Geotechnol., 15, 175-208.
Embley, R.W., C.E.J. de Ronde, and J. Ishibashi (2008): Introduction to special section on Active magmatic, tectonic, and hydrothermal processes at intraoceanic arc submarine volcanoes, J. Geophys. Res., 113, B08S01, doi: 10.1029/2008JB00581.
Esposito, A., G. Giordano, and M. Anzidei (2006), The 2002-2003 submarine gas eruption at Panarea volcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy): Volcanology of the seafloor and implications for the hazard scenario, Mar. Geol., 227, 119-134.
Favali, P., A. De Santis, G. D’Anna, B. Di Sabatino, M, Sedita, and E. Rubino, (2005) A new active volcano in the Tyrrhenian Sea?, Ann. Geophys., 48, 1-6.
Favalli, M. M., D. Karatson, R. Mazzuoli, M.T. Pareschi, and G. Ventura (2005), Volcanic geomorphology and tectonics of the Aeolian archipelago (Southern Italy) based on integrated DEM data, Bull. Volcanol., 68, 157-170.
Gamberi F., and M.P. Marani (1997), Detailed bathymetric mapping of the eastern offshore slope of Lipari Island (Tyrrhenian Sea): Insight into the dark side of an arc volcano, Mar. Geophys. Res., 19, 363-377.
Gamberi, F., Marani, M., Landuzzi, V., Magagnoli, A., Penitenti, D., Rosi, M., Bertagnini, A., Di Roberto, A. (2006), Sedimentologic and volcanologic investigation of the deep Tyrrhenian sea: preliminary result of cruise VST02, Earth Prints,
http://hdl.handle.net/2122/1071
Granieri D., M.L. Carapezza, G. Chiodini, R. Avino, S. Caliro, M. Ranaldi, T. Ricci, and L. Tarchini (2006), Correlated increase in CO2 fumarolic content and diffuse emission from La Fossa crater (Vulcano, Italy): Evidence of volcanic unrest or increasing gas release from a stationary deep magma body?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, Art. No. L13316.
Gasparini, G.P., A. Ortona, B. Budillon, M. Astraldi, and E. Sansone (2005), The effect of the Eastern Mediterranean Transient on the hydrographic characteristics in the Strait of Sicily and in the Tyrrhenian Sea, Deep-Sea Res. I, 52, 915-935.
Hawkins, J. W., P. F. Lonsdale, J. D. Macdougall, and A. M. Volpe (1990), Petrology of the axial ridge of the Mariana Trough backarc spreading center, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.,100, 226–250.
Kastens, K. A., et al. (1988), ODP Leg 107 in the Tyrrhenian Sea: Insight into passive margin and backarc basin evolution, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 100, 1140–1156.
Kastens, K. A., et al. (1990), The geological evolution of the Tyrrhenian Sea: An introduction to the scientific results of ODP Leg 107, Proc. Ocean Drill. Program Sci. Results, 107, 3– 26.
Lascaratos, A., W. Roether, K. Nittis, and B. Klein (1999), Recent changes in deep water formation and spreading in the eastern Mediterranean Sea: a review, Prog. Oceanog. 44, 5-36.
Livermore, R., A. Cunningham, L. Vanneste, and R. Larter (1997), Subduction influence on magma supply at the East Scotia Ridge, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 150, 261–275.
Lupton, J.E. (1990), Water-column hydrothermal plumes on the Juande Fuca Ridge, J. Geophys. Res. 95, 12,829-12,842.
Marani, M. P., and T. Trua (2002), Thermal constriction and slab tearing at the origin of a superinflated spreading ridge: Marsili volcano (Tyrrhenian Sea), J. Geophys. Res.,107(B9), 2188, doi:10.1029/2001JB000285.
Petersen, S. and T. Monecke (2008), Tyrrhenian Sea massive sulfides, R/V Poseidon Cruise Report P340, July 6-17, 2006, IFM-GEOMAR Report 21, Kiel, 77 pp.
Petersen, S., et al. (2008), Drilling submarine hydrothermal systems in the Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy, InterRidge News 17, 21-23.
Resing, J.A., E.T. Baker, J.E. Lupton, S.L. Walker, D.A. Butterfield, G.J. Massoth, and K.-I. Nakamura (2009), Chemistry of hydrothermal plumes above submarine volcanoes of the Mariana Arc, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 10, Q02009, doi: 10.1029/2008GC002141.
Roether, W., B.B. Manca, B. Klein, D. Bregant, D. Georgopoulos, V. Beitzel, V. Kovačević, and A. Luchetta (1996), Recent changes in Eastern Mediterranean deep waters, Science 271, 333-335.
Roether, W., B. Klein, B.B. Manca, A. Theocharis, and S. Kioroglou (2007), Transient Eastern Mediterranean deep waters in response to the massive dense-water output of the Aegean Sea in the 1990s, Prog. Oceanog. 74, 540-571.
Sedwick P., and D. Stuben (1996), Chemistry of shallow submarine warm springs in an arc-volcanic setting: Vulcano Island, Aeolian Archipelago, Italy, Mar. Chem., 53, 147-161.
Stuben, D., P. Sedwick, C. Savelli, E. Ferretti, and Wolfson Sensor Group and Geomar Technologie GmbH (1993), Cruise report Poseidon 200-4 MIPAMEHR=MAST 1—Investigations on hydrothermalism in the Tyrrhenian and Aeolian Sea, Berichte Rpts.,
Geol.-Pala Ontolog. Institut Univ. Kiel 59.
Uchupi E. and R.D. Ballard (1989), Evidence of hydrothermal activity on Marsili Seamount, Tyrrhenian Basin, Deep Sea Res. 36, 1443-1448.
Young, C., and J. E. Lupton (1983), An ultratight fluid sampling system using cold-welded copper tubing, Eos Trans. AGU 64, 735.
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