Geological Mapping of Volcano Teide using multispectral and Hyperspectral Satellite Data

Abstract

This work is an evaluation, to which degree geological information can be obtained from modern remote sensing systems like the multispectral ASTER or the hyperspectral Hyperion sensor for a volcanic region like Teide Volcano (Tenerife, Canary Islands). The Canarian Arcipelago is made up of seven islands that represent different stages of geologic evolution. Tenerife is the central island of archipelago and has developed within the complex formed by the rifts associated with the Teide-Pico Viejo (T-PV-Lat 28° 16’ 30” Lon 16°38’ 42”) stratovolcanoes that reach a height of 3718 m, 7500 above the ocean floor. It is an active, though currently quiescent shield volcano, which last erupted in 1909. In the frame of the European Project FP6 PREVIEW-EURORISK (PREVention, Information and Early Warning pre-operational services to support the management of risks) (http://www.preview-risk.com/) a field campaign was carried out on Tenerife island to improve the retrieval algorithms and techniques, a field campaign has been realized on Pico de Teide (Tenerife island - Spain) from the 16th and 24th of September 2007. The validation campaign has been performed in order to acquire spectra used as ground truth data on the Pico de Teide in an area also know as Las Canadas Caldera (LCC). The time window was chosen taking into account different factor as: meteorological characterization, satellites scheduled passage, availability of both on Tenerife and INGV team. The measurements were localized on the summit area of the Tenerife Island and in particular within the Teide Caldera in order to identify suitable test sites both for cal/val activities and to study the geological setting of Pico the Teide volcano by image spectroscopy. Measurements in situ of reflectance and emissivity were realized very close/close the satellite passages. During the campaign atmospheric profiles and ground atmospheric measurements were acquired contemporaneously with the satellite acquisitions. A characterization of reflectance at summit crater surfaces was realised in order to complete the spectral characterization of different surfaces. The spectral measurements have been used as “ground truth” to realise the first classification map by satellite data of Teide volcano. In particular, the Support Vector Machine (SVM) supervised method has been applied to both ASTER and Hyperion data. The results are compared and discussed in this work.