Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/2122/6320
Authors: Dellino, P.* 
Dioguardi, F.* 
Zimanowski, B.* 
Buttner, R.* 
Mele, D.* 
La Volpe, L.* 
Sulpizio, R.* 
Doronzo, D.M.* 
Sonder, I.* 
Bonasia, R.* 
Calvari, S.* 
Marotta, E.* 
Title: Conduit flow experiments help constraining the regime of explosive eruptions
Journal: Journal of Geophysical Research, Solid Earth 
Series/Report no.: /115 (2010)
Publisher: American Geophysical Union
Issue Date: 2010
DOI: 10.1029/2009JB006781
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/2122/5336
Keywords: explosive volcanic regimes
Stromboli
Subject Classification04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.02. Experimental volcanism 
Abstract: It is currently impractical to measure what happens in a volcano during an explosive eruption, and up to now much of our knowledge depends on theoretical models. Here we show, by means of large‐scale experiments, that the regime of explosive events can be constrained on the basis of the characteristics of magma at the point of fragmentation and conduit geometry. Our model, whose results are consistent with the literature, is a simple tool for defining the conditions at conduit exit that control the most hazardous volcanic regimes. Besides the well‐known convective plume regime, which generates pyroclastic fallout, and the vertically collapsing column regime, which leads to pyroclastic flows, we introduce an additional regime of radially expanding columns, which form when the eruptive gas‐particle mixture exits from the vent at overpressure with respect to atmosphere. As a consequence of the radial expansion, a dilute collapse occurs, which favors the formation of density currents resembling natural base surges. We conclude that a quantitative knowledge of magma fragmentation, i.e., particle size, fragmentation energy, and fragmentation speed, is critical for determining the eruption regime.
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