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Annals Geophysics (AG) is a international, peer-reviewed, open-access, online journal in the field of geophysics science. AG publishes original articles and short communications (letters) on research of seismology, geodesy, volcanology, physics and chemistry of the Earth, oceanography and climatology, geomagnetism and paleomagnetism, geodynamics and tectonophysics, ionosphere and aeronomy, physics and chemistry of the atmosphere. It provides: Open-access, freely accessible online (authors retain copyright) Fast publication times Peer review by expert, practicing researchers Free of charge publication Post-publication tools to indicate quality and impact Worldwide media coverage Annals of Geophysics is published by Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), nonprofit public research institution. This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. No Permission Required Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia applies the Creative Commons Attribution License (CCAL) to all works we publish. Under the CCAL, authors retain ownership of the copyright for their article, but authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy articles in Annals of Geophysics, so long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the publishers.