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Characterization and location of infrasonic sources in active volcanoes: Mount Etna, September–November 2007
Author(s)
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
Status
Published
JCR Journal
JCR Journal
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
/114 (2009)
Publisher
American Geophysical Union
Pages (printed)
B08308
Issued date
August 25, 2009
Abstract
The period September–November 2007 was characterized at Mount Etna by explosive activity and intense degassing. During this time interval, infrasonic signals were recorded by an infrasonic network. By a triggering procedure, about 1000 infrasonic events were found, characterized by very high signal-to-noise ratio and grouped into nine families. Successively, the spectral analysis allowed subdividing these nine families into three clusters based on the peak frequency and the quality factor of the events. Finally, by the location analysis a cluster (cluster 1) was related to the degassing activity of the northeast crater (NEC), while the other two (clusters 2 and 3) to the explosive activity of the southeast crater (SEC). The comparison between the stacked infrasonic waveforms, interpreted as generated by the vibration of large gas bubbles, and the synthetic ones, permitted to calculate radius, length of the bubble, and initial overpressure, by a genetic algorithm method. The higher overpressure values of cluster 3 compared to the cluster 2 values were in good agreement with the stronger intensity of the explosions accompanying the infrasonic events of cluster 3. The variation of both intensities and waveforms is tentatively attributed to the occasional accumulation of lithic clasts (due to moderate landslides?) on the explosive vent. Indeed, events belonging to cluster 3 were no longer observed once the landslides had ended. Finally, the daily emitted gas volume, related to the active degassing, was estimated for NEC and SEC by using the infrasonic data during the studied period.
References
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A. J. S. McGonigle, G. Salerno, H. Shinohara, and M. Valenza (2008),
Total volatile flux from Mount Etna, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L24302,
doi:10.1029/2008GL035871.
Almendros, J., and B. Chouet (2003), Performance of the radial semblance
method for the location of very long period volcanic signals, Bull. Seismol.
Soc. Am., 93, 1890–1903, doi:10.1785/0120020143.
Behncke, B., and M. Neri (2003), Cycles and trends in the recent eruptive
behaviour of Mount Etna (Italy), Can. J. Earth Sci., 40, 1405 – 1411,
doi:10.1139/e03-052.
Buckingham, M. J., and M. A. Garces (1996), A canonical model of volcano
acoustics, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 8129 – 8151, doi:10.1029/
95JB01680.
Cannata, A., P. Montalto, E. Privitera, G. Russo, and S. Gresta (2009),
Tracking eruptive phenomena by infrasound: May 13, 2008 eruption at
Mt. Etna, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L05304, doi:10.1029/2008GL036738.
Cristofolini, R., S. Gresta, S. Imposa, and G. Patane` (1988), Feeding mechanism
of eruptive activity at Mt. Etna based on seismological and
petrological data, in Modelling of Volcanic Process, edited by C. Y. King
and R. Scarpa, pp. 73– 93, Springer, Berlin.
Firstov, P. P., and N. M. Kravchenko (1996), Estimation of the amount of
explosive gas released in volcanic eruptions using air waves, Volcanol.
Seismol., 17, 547– 560.
Garces, M. A., and S. R. McNutt (1997), Theory of the airborne sound field
generated in a resonant magma conduit, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 78,
155– 178, doi:10.1016/S0377-0273(97)00018-8.
Garces, M., A. Harris, C. Hetzer, J. Johnson, S. Rowland, E. Marchetti, and
P. Okubo (2003), Infrasonic tremor observed at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(20), 2023, doi:10.1029/2003GL018038.
Geller, R. J., and C. S. Mueller (1980), Four similar earthquakes in central
California, Geophys. Res. Lett., 7, 821 – 824, doi:10.1029/
GL007i010p00821.
Gordeev, E. I. (1993), Modelling of volcanic tremor as explosive point
sources in a singled-layer, elastic half-space, J. Geophys. Res., 98,
19,687– 19,703, doi:10.1029/93JB00348.
Green, D., and J. Neuberg (2006), Waveform classification of volcanic lowfrequency
earthquake swarms and its implication at Soufrie`re Hills Volcano,
Monserrat, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 153, 51–63, doi:10.1016/
j.jvolgeores.2005.08.003.
Gresta, S., M. Ripepe, E. Marchetti, S. D’Amico, M. Coltelli, A. J. L.
Harris, and E. Privitera (2004), Seismoacoustic measurements during
the July August 2001 eruption at Mt. Etna volcano, Italy, J. Volcanol.
Geotherm. Res., 137, 219– 230, doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.05.017.
Hagerty, M. T., S. Y. Schwartz, M. A. Garces, and M. Protti (2000), Analysis
of seismic and acoustic observations at Arenal Volcano, Costa Rica,
1995 – 1997, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 101, 27 – 65, doi:10.1016/
S0377-0273(00)00162-1.
Johnson, J. B. (2003), Generation and propagation of infrasonic airwaves
from volcanic explosions, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 121, 1–14,
doi:10.1016/S0377-0273(02)00408-0.
Johnson, J. B. (2004), Source location variability and volcanic vent mapping
with a small-aperture infrasound array at Stromboli Volcano, Italy,
Bull. Volcanol., 67, 1 – 14, doi:10.1007/s00445-004-0356-8.
Johnson, J. B., and J. M. Lees (2000), Plugs and chugs: Seismic and
acoustic observations of degassing explosions at Karymsky, Russia and
Sangay, Ecuador, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 101, 67– 82, doi:10.1016/
S0377-0273(00)00164-5.
Johnson, J. B., J. M. Lees, and E. I. Gordeev (1998), Degassing explosions
at Karymsky Volcano, Kamchatka, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 3999– 4002,
doi:10.1029/1998GL900102.
Jones, K. R., J. Johnson, R. Aster, P. R. Kyle, and W. C. McIntosh (2008),
Infrasonic tracking of large bubble bursts and ash venting at Erebus
volcano, Antarctica, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 177, 661 – 672,
doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.02.001.
Kumazawa, M., Y. Imanishi, Y. Fukao, M. Furumoto, and A. Yamamoto
(1990), A theory of spectral analysis based on the characteristic property
of a linear dynamic system, Geophys. J. Int., 101, 613–630, doi:10.1111/
j.1365-246X.1990.tb05574.x.
Lesage, P. (2008), Automatic estimation of optimal autoregressive filters for
the analysis of volcanic seismic activity, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 8,
369–376.
Matoza, R. S., M. Hedlin, and M. Garces (2007), An infrasound array study
of Mount St. Helens, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 160, 249 – 262,
doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2006.10.006.
Mitchell, M. (1996), An Introduction to Genetic Algorithms, 205 pp., MIT
Press, Cambridge, Mass.
Nakahara, H. (2004), Correlation distance of waveforms for closely located
events—I. Implication of the heterogeneous structure around the source
region of the 1995 Hyogo-Ken Nanbu, Japan, earthquake (Mw = 6.9),
Geophys. J. Int., 157, 1255 – 1268, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.
02278.x.
Neidell, N., and M. T. Taner (1971), Semblance and other coherency measures
for multichannel data, Geophysics, 36, 482 – 497, doi:10.1190/
1.1440186.
Neuberg, J., and T. Pointer (2000), Effects of volcano-topography on seismic
broadband waveforms, Geophys. J. Int., 143, 239– 248, doi:10.1046/
j.1365-246x.2000.00251.x.
Parfitt, E. A. (2004), A discussion of the mechanism of explosive basaltic
eruption, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 134, 77 – 107, doi:10.1016/
j.jvolgeores.2004.01.002.
Patane`, D., G. Di Grazia, A. Cannata, P. Montalto, and E. Boschi (2008),
Shallow magma pathway geometry at Mt. Etna volcano, Geochem. Geophys.
Geosyst., 9, Q12021, doi:10.1029/2008GC002131.
Ripepe, M., and E. Marchetti (2002), Array tracking of infrasonic sources at
Stromboli volcano, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(22), 2076, doi:10.1029/
2002GL015452.
Ripepe, M., P. Poggi, T. Braun, and E. Gordeev (1996), Infrasonic waves
and volcanic tremor at Stromboli, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 181 – 184,
doi:10.1029/95GL03662.
Ripepe, M., S. Ciliberto, and M. Della Schiava (2001a), Time constraint for
modelling source dynamics of volcanic explosions at Stromboli, J. Geophys.
Res., 106, 8713– 8727, doi:10.1029/2000JB900374.
Ripepe, M., M. Coltelli, E. Privitera, S. Gresta, M. Moretti, and
D. Piccinini (2001b), Seismic and infrasonic evidences for an impulsive
source of the shallow volcanic tremor at Mt. Etna, Italy, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 28, 1071– 1074, doi:10.1029/2000GL011391.
Ripepe, M., P. Poggi, and E. Marchetti (2004), Small aperture infrasonic
array monitors activity of Stromboli volcano, Inframatics, 7, 1 –14.
Rowe, C. A., R. C. Aster, P. R. Kyle, R. R. Dibble, and J.W. Schlue (2000),
Seismic and acoustic observations at Mount Erebus Volcano, Ross Island,
Antarctica, 1994 – 1998, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 101, 105–128,
doi:10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00170-0.
Ruiz, M. C., J. M. Lees, and J. B. Johnson (2006), Source constraints of
Tungurahua volcano explosion events, Bull. Volcanol., 68, 480 –490,
doi:10.1007/s00445-005-0023-8.
Tanguy, J. C., G. Kieffer, and G. Patane` (1996), Dynamics, lava volume and
effusion rate during the 1991– 1993 eruption of Mount Etna, J. Volcanol.
Geotherm. Res., 71, 259– 265, doi:10.1016/0377-0273(95)00081-X.
Vergniolle, S. (2003), Listening to volcanoes as a tool to understand eruption
dynamics: Etna (Italy), Shishaldin (Alaska), paper presented at
IUGG XXIII General Assembly State of the Planet: Frontiers and Challenges,
Sapporo, Japan.
Vergniolle, S. (2008), From sound waves to bubbling within a magma
reservoir: Comparison between eruptions at Etna (2001, Italy) and
Kilauea (Hawai’i), in Fluid Motions in Volcanic Conduits: A Source of
Seismic and Acoustic Signals, edited by S. J. Lane and J. S. Gilbert, Geol.
Soc. Spec. Publ., 307, 125– 146.
Vergniolle, S., and G. Brandeis (1994), Origin of the sound generated by
Strombolian explosions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 1959 – 1962,
doi:10.1029/94GL01286.
Vergniolle, S., and G. Brandeis (1996), Strombolian explosions: A large
bubble breaking at the surface of a lava column as a source of sound,
J. Geophys. Res., 101, 20,433– 20,448, doi:10.1029/96JB01178.
Vergniolle, S., and J. Caplan-Auerbach (2004), Acoustic measurements of
the 1999 basaltic eruption of Shishaldin volcano, Alaska: 2. Precursor to
the Subplinian activity, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 137, 135– 151.
Vergniolle, S., and M. Ripepe (2008), From Strombolian explosions to fire
fountains at Etna Volcano (Italy): What do we learn by acoustic measurement?,
in Fluid Motions in Volcanic Conduits: A Source of Seismic and
Acoustic Signals, edited by S. J. Lane and J. S. Gilbert, Geol. Soc. Spec.
Publ., 307, 103– 124.
Vergniolle, S., G. Brandeis, and J. C. Mareschal (1996), Strombolian explosions:
Eruption dynamics determined from acoustic measurements,
J. Geophys. Res., 101, 20,449– 20,466, doi:10.1029/96JB01925.
Vergniolle, S., M. Boichu, and J. Caplan-Auerbach (2004), Acoustic measurements
of the 1999 basaltic eruption of Shishaldinvolcano, Alaska:
1. Origin of Strombolian activity, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 137,
109– 134, doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.05.003.
Wilson, L., and J. W. Head (1981), Ascent and eruption of basaltic magma
on the Earth and Moon, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 2971– 3001, doi:10.1029/
JB086iB04p02971.
A. J. S. McGonigle, G. Salerno, H. Shinohara, and M. Valenza (2008),
Total volatile flux from Mount Etna, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L24302,
doi:10.1029/2008GL035871.
Almendros, J., and B. Chouet (2003), Performance of the radial semblance
method for the location of very long period volcanic signals, Bull. Seismol.
Soc. Am., 93, 1890–1903, doi:10.1785/0120020143.
Behncke, B., and M. Neri (2003), Cycles and trends in the recent eruptive
behaviour of Mount Etna (Italy), Can. J. Earth Sci., 40, 1405 – 1411,
doi:10.1139/e03-052.
Buckingham, M. J., and M. A. Garces (1996), A canonical model of volcano
acoustics, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 8129 – 8151, doi:10.1029/
95JB01680.
Cannata, A., P. Montalto, E. Privitera, G. Russo, and S. Gresta (2009),
Tracking eruptive phenomena by infrasound: May 13, 2008 eruption at
Mt. Etna, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L05304, doi:10.1029/2008GL036738.
Cristofolini, R., S. Gresta, S. Imposa, and G. Patane` (1988), Feeding mechanism
of eruptive activity at Mt. Etna based on seismological and
petrological data, in Modelling of Volcanic Process, edited by C. Y. King
and R. Scarpa, pp. 73– 93, Springer, Berlin.
Firstov, P. P., and N. M. Kravchenko (1996), Estimation of the amount of
explosive gas released in volcanic eruptions using air waves, Volcanol.
Seismol., 17, 547– 560.
Garces, M. A., and S. R. McNutt (1997), Theory of the airborne sound field
generated in a resonant magma conduit, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 78,
155– 178, doi:10.1016/S0377-0273(97)00018-8.
Garces, M., A. Harris, C. Hetzer, J. Johnson, S. Rowland, E. Marchetti, and
P. Okubo (2003), Infrasonic tremor observed at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(20), 2023, doi:10.1029/2003GL018038.
Geller, R. J., and C. S. Mueller (1980), Four similar earthquakes in central
California, Geophys. Res. Lett., 7, 821 – 824, doi:10.1029/
GL007i010p00821.
Gordeev, E. I. (1993), Modelling of volcanic tremor as explosive point
sources in a singled-layer, elastic half-space, J. Geophys. Res., 98,
19,687– 19,703, doi:10.1029/93JB00348.
Green, D., and J. Neuberg (2006), Waveform classification of volcanic lowfrequency
earthquake swarms and its implication at Soufrie`re Hills Volcano,
Monserrat, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 153, 51–63, doi:10.1016/
j.jvolgeores.2005.08.003.
Gresta, S., M. Ripepe, E. Marchetti, S. D’Amico, M. Coltelli, A. J. L.
Harris, and E. Privitera (2004), Seismoacoustic measurements during
the July August 2001 eruption at Mt. Etna volcano, Italy, J. Volcanol.
Geotherm. Res., 137, 219– 230, doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.05.017.
Hagerty, M. T., S. Y. Schwartz, M. A. Garces, and M. Protti (2000), Analysis
of seismic and acoustic observations at Arenal Volcano, Costa Rica,
1995 – 1997, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 101, 27 – 65, doi:10.1016/
S0377-0273(00)00162-1.
Johnson, J. B. (2003), Generation and propagation of infrasonic airwaves
from volcanic explosions, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 121, 1–14,
doi:10.1016/S0377-0273(02)00408-0.
Johnson, J. B. (2004), Source location variability and volcanic vent mapping
with a small-aperture infrasound array at Stromboli Volcano, Italy,
Bull. Volcanol., 67, 1 – 14, doi:10.1007/s00445-004-0356-8.
Johnson, J. B., and J. M. Lees (2000), Plugs and chugs: Seismic and
acoustic observations of degassing explosions at Karymsky, Russia and
Sangay, Ecuador, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 101, 67– 82, doi:10.1016/
S0377-0273(00)00164-5.
Johnson, J. B., J. M. Lees, and E. I. Gordeev (1998), Degassing explosions
at Karymsky Volcano, Kamchatka, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 3999– 4002,
doi:10.1029/1998GL900102.
Jones, K. R., J. Johnson, R. Aster, P. R. Kyle, and W. C. McIntosh (2008),
Infrasonic tracking of large bubble bursts and ash venting at Erebus
volcano, Antarctica, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 177, 661 – 672,
doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.02.001.
Kumazawa, M., Y. Imanishi, Y. Fukao, M. Furumoto, and A. Yamamoto
(1990), A theory of spectral analysis based on the characteristic property
of a linear dynamic system, Geophys. J. Int., 101, 613–630, doi:10.1111/
j.1365-246X.1990.tb05574.x.
Lesage, P. (2008), Automatic estimation of optimal autoregressive filters for
the analysis of volcanic seismic activity, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 8,
369–376.
Matoza, R. S., M. Hedlin, and M. Garces (2007), An infrasound array study
of Mount St. Helens, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 160, 249 – 262,
doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2006.10.006.
Mitchell, M. (1996), An Introduction to Genetic Algorithms, 205 pp., MIT
Press, Cambridge, Mass.
Nakahara, H. (2004), Correlation distance of waveforms for closely located
events—I. Implication of the heterogeneous structure around the source
region of the 1995 Hyogo-Ken Nanbu, Japan, earthquake (Mw = 6.9),
Geophys. J. Int., 157, 1255 – 1268, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2004.
02278.x.
Neidell, N., and M. T. Taner (1971), Semblance and other coherency measures
for multichannel data, Geophysics, 36, 482 – 497, doi:10.1190/
1.1440186.
Neuberg, J., and T. Pointer (2000), Effects of volcano-topography on seismic
broadband waveforms, Geophys. J. Int., 143, 239– 248, doi:10.1046/
j.1365-246x.2000.00251.x.
Parfitt, E. A. (2004), A discussion of the mechanism of explosive basaltic
eruption, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 134, 77 – 107, doi:10.1016/
j.jvolgeores.2004.01.002.
Patane`, D., G. Di Grazia, A. Cannata, P. Montalto, and E. Boschi (2008),
Shallow magma pathway geometry at Mt. Etna volcano, Geochem. Geophys.
Geosyst., 9, Q12021, doi:10.1029/2008GC002131.
Ripepe, M., and E. Marchetti (2002), Array tracking of infrasonic sources at
Stromboli volcano, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(22), 2076, doi:10.1029/
2002GL015452.
Ripepe, M., P. Poggi, T. Braun, and E. Gordeev (1996), Infrasonic waves
and volcanic tremor at Stromboli, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 181 – 184,
doi:10.1029/95GL03662.
Ripepe, M., S. Ciliberto, and M. Della Schiava (2001a), Time constraint for
modelling source dynamics of volcanic explosions at Stromboli, J. Geophys.
Res., 106, 8713– 8727, doi:10.1029/2000JB900374.
Ripepe, M., M. Coltelli, E. Privitera, S. Gresta, M. Moretti, and
D. Piccinini (2001b), Seismic and infrasonic evidences for an impulsive
source of the shallow volcanic tremor at Mt. Etna, Italy, Geophys. Res.
Lett., 28, 1071– 1074, doi:10.1029/2000GL011391.
Ripepe, M., P. Poggi, and E. Marchetti (2004), Small aperture infrasonic
array monitors activity of Stromboli volcano, Inframatics, 7, 1 –14.
Rowe, C. A., R. C. Aster, P. R. Kyle, R. R. Dibble, and J.W. Schlue (2000),
Seismic and acoustic observations at Mount Erebus Volcano, Ross Island,
Antarctica, 1994 – 1998, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 101, 105–128,
doi:10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00170-0.
Ruiz, M. C., J. M. Lees, and J. B. Johnson (2006), Source constraints of
Tungurahua volcano explosion events, Bull. Volcanol., 68, 480 –490,
doi:10.1007/s00445-005-0023-8.
Tanguy, J. C., G. Kieffer, and G. Patane` (1996), Dynamics, lava volume and
effusion rate during the 1991– 1993 eruption of Mount Etna, J. Volcanol.
Geotherm. Res., 71, 259– 265, doi:10.1016/0377-0273(95)00081-X.
Vergniolle, S. (2003), Listening to volcanoes as a tool to understand eruption
dynamics: Etna (Italy), Shishaldin (Alaska), paper presented at
IUGG XXIII General Assembly State of the Planet: Frontiers and Challenges,
Sapporo, Japan.
Vergniolle, S. (2008), From sound waves to bubbling within a magma
reservoir: Comparison between eruptions at Etna (2001, Italy) and
Kilauea (Hawai’i), in Fluid Motions in Volcanic Conduits: A Source of
Seismic and Acoustic Signals, edited by S. J. Lane and J. S. Gilbert, Geol.
Soc. Spec. Publ., 307, 125– 146.
Vergniolle, S., and G. Brandeis (1994), Origin of the sound generated by
Strombolian explosions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 21, 1959 – 1962,
doi:10.1029/94GL01286.
Vergniolle, S., and G. Brandeis (1996), Strombolian explosions: A large
bubble breaking at the surface of a lava column as a source of sound,
J. Geophys. Res., 101, 20,433– 20,448, doi:10.1029/96JB01178.
Vergniolle, S., and J. Caplan-Auerbach (2004), Acoustic measurements of
the 1999 basaltic eruption of Shishaldin volcano, Alaska: 2. Precursor to
the Subplinian activity, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 137, 135– 151.
Vergniolle, S., and M. Ripepe (2008), From Strombolian explosions to fire
fountains at Etna Volcano (Italy): What do we learn by acoustic measurement?,
in Fluid Motions in Volcanic Conduits: A Source of Seismic and
Acoustic Signals, edited by S. J. Lane and J. S. Gilbert, Geol. Soc. Spec.
Publ., 307, 103– 124.
Vergniolle, S., G. Brandeis, and J. C. Mareschal (1996), Strombolian explosions:
Eruption dynamics determined from acoustic measurements,
J. Geophys. Res., 101, 20,449– 20,466, doi:10.1029/96JB01925.
Vergniolle, S., M. Boichu, and J. Caplan-Auerbach (2004), Acoustic measurements
of the 1999 basaltic eruption of Shishaldinvolcano, Alaska:
1. Origin of Strombolian activity, J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 137,
109– 134, doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.05.003.
Wilson, L., and J. W. Head (1981), Ascent and eruption of basaltic magma
on the Earth and Moon, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 2971– 3001, doi:10.1029/
JB086iB04p02971.
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