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Volcanomagnetic changes accompanying the onset of the 2002–2003 eruption of Mt. Etna (Italy)
Author(s)
Language
English
Status
Published
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
1-2/229
Publisher
Elsevier
Pages (printed)
1-14
Issued date
December 30, 2004
Abstract
Remarkable changes in the local magnetic field were associated with the onset of the 2002–2003 flank eruption at Mt. Etna. After differential magnetic field measurements were filtered from the external noise by using adaptive filters, we recognized two stages in the total intensity changes, which are closely related to different volcanic events: (a) rapid variations of about 4–5 nT associated with October 26 seismic swarm recorded beneath the summit craters; (b) step-like variations of 9–10 nT coincident with October 27 eruptive fissures opening up in the north flank. These observations are generally consistent with those calculated from simple magnetic models of these volcanic processes, in which the magnetic changes are generated by stress redistribution due to magmatic intrusions at different depth. The magnetic data not only allow the timing of the intrusive event to be described in greater detail but also, together with other volcanological and geophysical evidences, permit some constraints to be set on the characteristics of propagation of a shallow dike. Firstly, at around midnight on 26 October magma was rapidly injected to a depth of 3–4 km just below the summit craters. Secondly, after 1:00 on 27 October, continued intrusion magma occurred upward and culminated a few hundred meters below the free surface fractured along a N–E direction. Thirdly, at about 2:28, magma gave rise to an explosive fissural vent at the northern base of the NE crater near 3000 m a.s.l. Finally, at about 5:00, the first eruptive fissure became active along the eastern border of the NE rift at 2500 m a.s.l. The rate of growth of the magnetic anomalies, moreover, leads to the interpretation that the magmatic intrusion travelled northward from base of the NE crater to the NE rift at approximately 14 m/min.
References
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[2] Del Negro C., Ferrucci F., Magnetic history of a dyke on Mt. Etna, Geophys. J. Int., Volume: 133, (1998), pp. 451--458
[3] Del Negro C., Ferrucci F., Napoli R., The permanent network for magnetic surveillance of Mt. Etna: changes in the geomagnetic total intensity observed in 1995, Acta Vulcanol., Volume: 9, (1997), pp. 67--72
[4] Del Negro C., Napoli R., Sicali A., Automated system for magnetic monitoring of active volcanoes, Bull. Volcanol., Volume: 64, (2002), pp. 94--99 CrossRef
[5] INGV-CT , Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia-Sezione di Catania, Multidisciplinary approach yields insight Mt. Etna eruption, EOS Trans. Am. Geophys. Union, Volume: 82, (2001), pp. 653--656
[6] Del Negro C., Currenti G., Volcanomagnetic signals associated with the 2001 flank eruption of Mt. Etna (Italy), Geophys. Res. Lett., Volume: 30, Issue: 7 (2003), p. 1357
[7] Parkinson W.D., Introduction to Geomagnetism, (1983), Scottish Academic Press. (433 pp.)
[8] Davis P.M., Stacey F.D., Zablocki C.J., Olson J.V., Improved signal discrimination in tectonomagnetism: discovery of a volcanomagnetic effect at Kilauea, Hawaii, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., Volume: 19, (1979), pp. 331--336
[9] Zhou X.Y., Wei F.S., Prediction of recurrent geomagnetic disturbances by using adaptive filtering, Earth Planets Space, Volume: 50, (1998), pp. 839--845
[10] Steppe J.A., Reducing noise in tectonomagnetic experiments by linear regression, J. Geophys. Res., Volume: 84, (1979), pp. 3063--3067
[11] Davis P.M., Jackson D.D., Searls C.A., McPhernon R.L., Detection of tectonomagnetic events using multichannel predictive filtering, J. Geophys. Res., Volume: 86, (1981), pp. 1731--1737
[12] Hattingh M., A new data adaptive filtering program to remove noise from geophysical time or space series data, Comput. Geosci., Volume: 14, (1988), pp. 467--480
[13] Poehls K.A., Jackson D.D., Tectonomagnetic event detection using empirical transfer functions, J. Geophys. Res., Volume: 83, Issue: B10 (1978), pp. 4933--4940
[14] Fedi M., La Manna M., Palmieri F., Nonstationary analysis of geomagnetic time sequences from Mount Etna and North Palm Springs earthquake, J. Geophys. Res., Volume: 108, (2003), p. 2493
[15] Haykin S.S., Adaptive Filter Theory, (1996), Prentice Hall. pp. 365--372
[16] Akaike H., A new look at the statistical model identification, IEEE Trans. AC, (1974), pp. 716--723 (AC-19) CrossRef
[17] Patanè D., Seismic activity preceding and accompanying the 2002–2003 Etna eruption, Etna Eruption in 2002, GNV General Assembly Proc. (2003), p. 72
[18] Barberi G., Cammarata L., Cocina O., Maiolino V., Musumeci C., Privitera E., Seismic activity related to the 2002–2003 Mt. Etna volcano eruption (Italy): fault plane solutions and stress tensor computation, Etna Eruption in 2002, GNV General Assembly Proc. (2003), p. 84
[19] Acocella V., Behncke B., Neri M., D'Amico S., Link between major flank slip and eruptions at Mt. Etna (Italy), Geophys. Res. Lett., Volume: 30, Issue: 24 (2003), p. 2286
[20] Branca S., Carbone D., Greco F., Intrusive mechanism of the 2002 NE-Rift eruption at Mt. Etna (Italy) inferred through continuous microgravity data and volcanological evidences, Geophys. Res. Lett., Volume: 30, Issue: 20 (2003), p. 2077
[21] Puglisi G., Aloisi M., Amore M., Bonaccorso A., Bonforte A., Cantarero M., Calvagna F., Campisi O., Consoli S., Consoli O., Falzone G., Ferro A., Gambino S., Gugliemino F., Laudani G., Mattia M., Puglisi B., Rossi M., Saraceno B., Velardita R., Geodetic monitoring of the strain field evolution before and during the 2002 Mt. Etna Eruption, Etna Eruption in 2002, GNV General Assembly Proc. (2003), p. 74
[22] Bonaccorso A., Campisi O., Falzone G., Ferro A., Gambino S., Laudani G., Saraceno B., Spatio-temporal constrains on 2002 eruption inferred from tilt data, Etna eruption in 2002, GNV General Assembly Proc. (2003), p. 71
[23] Fitterman D.V., Theory of Electrokinetic magnetic anomalies in a faulted half space, J. Geophys. Res., Volume: 84, (1979), pp. 6031--6040
[24] Adler P., Le Mouël J.L., Zlotnicki J., Electrokinetic and magnetic fields generated by flow through a fracture zone: a sensitivity study for La Fournaise Volcano, Geophys. Res. Lett., Volume: 26, (1999), p. 795 CrossRef
[25] Murakami H., Geomagnetic fields produced by electrokinetic sources, J. Geomagn. Geoelectr., Volume: 41, (1989), pp. 221--247
[26] Utsugi M., Nishida Y., Sasai Y., Piezomagnetic potentials due to an inclined rectangular fault in a semi-infinite medium, Geophys. J. Int., Volume: 140, (2000), pp. 479--492 CrossRef
[27] Sasai Y., Tectonomagnetic modeling on the basis of the linear piezomagnetic effect, Bull. Earthq. Res. Inst. Univ. Tokyo, Volume: 66, (1991), pp. 585--722
[28] D. Andronico, S. Branca, S. Calvari, M. Burton, T. Caltabiano, R.A. Corsaro, et al., A multi-disciplinary study of the 2002–03 Etna eruption: insights into a complex plumbing system, Bull. Volcanol., DOI:10.1007/s00445-004-0372-8 (in press).
[29] Neri M., Acocella V., Behncke B., The role of the Pernicana Fault System in the spreading of Mount Etna (Italy) during the 2002–2003 eruption, Bull. Volcanol., Volume: 66, (2003), pp. 417--430
[2] Del Negro C., Ferrucci F., Magnetic history of a dyke on Mt. Etna, Geophys. J. Int., Volume: 133, (1998), pp. 451--458
[3] Del Negro C., Ferrucci F., Napoli R., The permanent network for magnetic surveillance of Mt. Etna: changes in the geomagnetic total intensity observed in 1995, Acta Vulcanol., Volume: 9, (1997), pp. 67--72
[4] Del Negro C., Napoli R., Sicali A., Automated system for magnetic monitoring of active volcanoes, Bull. Volcanol., Volume: 64, (2002), pp. 94--99 CrossRef
[5] INGV-CT , Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia-Sezione di Catania, Multidisciplinary approach yields insight Mt. Etna eruption, EOS Trans. Am. Geophys. Union, Volume: 82, (2001), pp. 653--656
[6] Del Negro C., Currenti G., Volcanomagnetic signals associated with the 2001 flank eruption of Mt. Etna (Italy), Geophys. Res. Lett., Volume: 30, Issue: 7 (2003), p. 1357
[7] Parkinson W.D., Introduction to Geomagnetism, (1983), Scottish Academic Press. (433 pp.)
[8] Davis P.M., Stacey F.D., Zablocki C.J., Olson J.V., Improved signal discrimination in tectonomagnetism: discovery of a volcanomagnetic effect at Kilauea, Hawaii, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., Volume: 19, (1979), pp. 331--336
[9] Zhou X.Y., Wei F.S., Prediction of recurrent geomagnetic disturbances by using adaptive filtering, Earth Planets Space, Volume: 50, (1998), pp. 839--845
[10] Steppe J.A., Reducing noise in tectonomagnetic experiments by linear regression, J. Geophys. Res., Volume: 84, (1979), pp. 3063--3067
[11] Davis P.M., Jackson D.D., Searls C.A., McPhernon R.L., Detection of tectonomagnetic events using multichannel predictive filtering, J. Geophys. Res., Volume: 86, (1981), pp. 1731--1737
[12] Hattingh M., A new data adaptive filtering program to remove noise from geophysical time or space series data, Comput. Geosci., Volume: 14, (1988), pp. 467--480
[13] Poehls K.A., Jackson D.D., Tectonomagnetic event detection using empirical transfer functions, J. Geophys. Res., Volume: 83, Issue: B10 (1978), pp. 4933--4940
[14] Fedi M., La Manna M., Palmieri F., Nonstationary analysis of geomagnetic time sequences from Mount Etna and North Palm Springs earthquake, J. Geophys. Res., Volume: 108, (2003), p. 2493
[15] Haykin S.S., Adaptive Filter Theory, (1996), Prentice Hall. pp. 365--372
[16] Akaike H., A new look at the statistical model identification, IEEE Trans. AC, (1974), pp. 716--723 (AC-19) CrossRef
[17] Patanè D., Seismic activity preceding and accompanying the 2002–2003 Etna eruption, Etna Eruption in 2002, GNV General Assembly Proc. (2003), p. 72
[18] Barberi G., Cammarata L., Cocina O., Maiolino V., Musumeci C., Privitera E., Seismic activity related to the 2002–2003 Mt. Etna volcano eruption (Italy): fault plane solutions and stress tensor computation, Etna Eruption in 2002, GNV General Assembly Proc. (2003), p. 84
[19] Acocella V., Behncke B., Neri M., D'Amico S., Link between major flank slip and eruptions at Mt. Etna (Italy), Geophys. Res. Lett., Volume: 30, Issue: 24 (2003), p. 2286
[20] Branca S., Carbone D., Greco F., Intrusive mechanism of the 2002 NE-Rift eruption at Mt. Etna (Italy) inferred through continuous microgravity data and volcanological evidences, Geophys. Res. Lett., Volume: 30, Issue: 20 (2003), p. 2077
[21] Puglisi G., Aloisi M., Amore M., Bonaccorso A., Bonforte A., Cantarero M., Calvagna F., Campisi O., Consoli S., Consoli O., Falzone G., Ferro A., Gambino S., Gugliemino F., Laudani G., Mattia M., Puglisi B., Rossi M., Saraceno B., Velardita R., Geodetic monitoring of the strain field evolution before and during the 2002 Mt. Etna Eruption, Etna Eruption in 2002, GNV General Assembly Proc. (2003), p. 74
[22] Bonaccorso A., Campisi O., Falzone G., Ferro A., Gambino S., Laudani G., Saraceno B., Spatio-temporal constrains on 2002 eruption inferred from tilt data, Etna eruption in 2002, GNV General Assembly Proc. (2003), p. 71
[23] Fitterman D.V., Theory of Electrokinetic magnetic anomalies in a faulted half space, J. Geophys. Res., Volume: 84, (1979), pp. 6031--6040
[24] Adler P., Le Mouël J.L., Zlotnicki J., Electrokinetic and magnetic fields generated by flow through a fracture zone: a sensitivity study for La Fournaise Volcano, Geophys. Res. Lett., Volume: 26, (1999), p. 795 CrossRef
[25] Murakami H., Geomagnetic fields produced by electrokinetic sources, J. Geomagn. Geoelectr., Volume: 41, (1989), pp. 221--247
[26] Utsugi M., Nishida Y., Sasai Y., Piezomagnetic potentials due to an inclined rectangular fault in a semi-infinite medium, Geophys. J. Int., Volume: 140, (2000), pp. 479--492 CrossRef
[27] Sasai Y., Tectonomagnetic modeling on the basis of the linear piezomagnetic effect, Bull. Earthq. Res. Inst. Univ. Tokyo, Volume: 66, (1991), pp. 585--722
[28] D. Andronico, S. Branca, S. Calvari, M. Burton, T. Caltabiano, R.A. Corsaro, et al., A multi-disciplinary study of the 2002–03 Etna eruption: insights into a complex plumbing system, Bull. Volcanol., DOI:10.1007/s00445-004-0372-8 (in press).
[29] Neri M., Acocella V., Behncke B., The role of the Pernicana Fault System in the spreading of Mount Etna (Italy) during the 2002–2003 eruption, Bull. Volcanol., Volume: 66, (2003), pp. 417--430
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