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The Messinian–early Pliocene stratigraphic record in the southern Bajo Segura Basin (Betic Cordillera, Spain): Implications for the Mediterranean salinity crisis
Author(s)
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
2.2. Laboratorio di paleomagnetismo
Status
Published
JCR Journal
JCR Journal
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
3-4 / 203 (2008)
Publisher
Elsevier
Pages (printed)
267-288
Issued date
January 30, 2008
Alternative Location
Abstract
The analysis of the Messinian and Pliocene stratigraphy of the southern Bajo Segura Basin (Betic Cordillera, Spain) has revealed three highstand sedimentary phases (Messinian I, Messinian II, and Pliocene) bounded by two lowstand erosional surfaces (intra-Messinian and end-Messinian unconformities). The Messinian I highstand phase is characterized by the progradation of coastal and shallow marine sandstones (La Virgen Fm) over slope and pelagic-basin marls (Torremendo Fm). After this first phase, a fall in sea level brought about the intra-Messinian unconformity, a subaerial erosional surface with local accumulations of karstic breccias and caliche-like carbonate crusts. The Messinian II highstand phase is represented by sandy beaches and muddy lagoons (Garruchal Fm) correlative with shallow marine evaporites (San Miguel Fm);
this second phase records the intra-Messinian reflooding of the basin, which characterizes the salinity crisis in the marginal basins of the Mediterranean. A new sea-level fall resulted in the end-Messinian unconformity, of which the most significant feature is the presence of a broad palaeovalley, c. 200 m deep, which, along its course, completely eroded the deposits of the Messinian II phase and part of the deposits of the Messinian I phase. The Pliocene highstand phase begins with coastal and shallow marine conglomerates and sandstones (La Pedrera Fm) which fill the deep part of the above-mentioned palaeovalley. These bottom deposits evolved gradually upwards towards pelagic marls (Hurchillo Fm), over which shallow marine and coastal sandstones prograded (Rojales Fm). This third phase records the flooding of the basin at the beginning of the Pliocene, when the salinity crisis ended in the marginal basins of the Mediterranean.
The combination of calcareous nannoplankton biostratigraphy and magnetostratigraphy has confirmed that both the end of the sedimentation of the Messinian I phase, as well as the two lowstand erosional surfaces (intra- and end-Messinian unconformities) and also the onset of the Pliocene phase occurred in the chron C3r (c. 5.9–5.2 Ma). Under the assumption of the classical model of a desiccated deep basin, either of the two
aforementioned erosional surfaces, or even both, could be correlative with the evaporites deposited in the abyssal parts of the Mediterranean.
this second phase records the intra-Messinian reflooding of the basin, which characterizes the salinity crisis in the marginal basins of the Mediterranean. A new sea-level fall resulted in the end-Messinian unconformity, of which the most significant feature is the presence of a broad palaeovalley, c. 200 m deep, which, along its course, completely eroded the deposits of the Messinian II phase and part of the deposits of the Messinian I phase. The Pliocene highstand phase begins with coastal and shallow marine conglomerates and sandstones (La Pedrera Fm) which fill the deep part of the above-mentioned palaeovalley. These bottom deposits evolved gradually upwards towards pelagic marls (Hurchillo Fm), over which shallow marine and coastal sandstones prograded (Rojales Fm). This third phase records the flooding of the basin at the beginning of the Pliocene, when the salinity crisis ended in the marginal basins of the Mediterranean.
The combination of calcareous nannoplankton biostratigraphy and magnetostratigraphy has confirmed that both the end of the sedimentation of the Messinian I phase, as well as the two lowstand erosional surfaces (intra- and end-Messinian unconformities) and also the onset of the Pliocene phase occurred in the chron C3r (c. 5.9–5.2 Ma). Under the assumption of the classical model of a desiccated deep basin, either of the two
aforementioned erosional surfaces, or even both, could be correlative with the evaporites deposited in the abyssal parts of the Mediterranean.
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Chronology, causes and progression of the Messinian salinity crisis. Nature
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Krijgsman, W., Leewis, M.E., Garcés, M., Kouwenhoven, T.J., Kuiper, K.F.,
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Betics. Sedim. Geol. 188–189, 155–170.
Martín, J.M., Braga, J.C., 1994. Messinian events in the Sorbas Basin in
southeastern Spain and their implications in the recent history of the
Mediterranean. Sedim. Geol. 90, 257–268.
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Tertiary Basin. In: Friend, P.F., Dabrio, C.J. (Eds.), Tertiary Basins of Spain:
The Stratigraphic Record of Crustal Kinematics. World and Regional
Geology, vol. 6. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 55–67.
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Neógeno de la Cuenca del Mar Menor (Alicante – Murcia, SE de España).
Geotemas 1, 243–246.
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upper Miocene of Crevillente (Alicante, SE Spain). Geobios 31, 839–847.
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P. (Eds.), European Mammal Chronology. NATO ASI Series A, vol. 180,
pp. 73–90.
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Messinian (Late Miocene) evaporites in SE Spain. Sedim. Geol. 106,
203–222.
Michalzik, D., Elbracht, J., Mauthe, F., Reinhold, C., Schneider, B., 1993.
Messinian facies relations in the San Miguel de Salinas Basin, SE-Spain. Z.
dt. geol. Ges., 144, 356–369.
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Premiere partie: étude régionale. Doc. et Trav. I.G.A.L. 12–13, 1–392.
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the Messinian Mediterranean evaporites. Init. Rep. D.S.D.P. 13 (II),
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(San Miguel de Salinas Basin, SE Spain). Sedim. Geol. 97, 157–175.
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desiccation: topography and significance of the Salinity Crisis erosion
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desiccation: topography and significance of the Salinity Crisis erosion
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Mediterranean basin: a reassessment of the data and an integrated scenario.
Sedim. Geol. 188–189, 35–67.
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Messinian salinity crisis: an apennine foredeep perspective. Sedim. Geol.
140, 201–214.
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Mediterranean before, during and after the Late Miocene salinity crisis.
Sedimentology 23, 791–813.
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of the Gafares area (Almería-Níjar basin, SE Spain). A new view of the
“Lago-Mare” facies. Sedim. Geol. 168, 71–95.
Alfaro, P., Soria, J.M., Ruiz Bustos, A., 1995. Precisiones biostratigráficas y
paleoecológicas en el Neógeno de la Cuenca del Bajo Segura (Cordillera
Bética Oriental). Est. Geol. 51, 57–63.
Berggren, W.A., Kent, D.V., Swisher III, C.C., Aubry, M.-P., 1995. A revised
cenozoic geochronology and chronostratigraphy. In: Berggren, W.A., Kent,
D.V., Aubry, M.-P., Hardenbol, J. (Eds.), Geochronology, time scales and
global stratigraphic correlation. Soc. Econ. Paleontol. Mineral., Special
Publication, vol. 54, pp. 129–212.
Braga, J.C., Martín, J.M., Riding, R., Aguirre, J., Sánchez-Almazo, I.M.,
Dinarès-Turell, J., 2006. Testing models for the Messinian salinity crisis:
the Messinian record in Almería, SE Spain. Sedim. Geol. 188–189,
131–154.
Brenchley, P.J., Pickerill, R.K., Stromberg, S.G., 1993. The role of wave
reworking on the architecture of storm sandstone facies, Bell Island Group
(Lower Ordovician), eastern Newfoundland. Sedimentology 40, 359–382.
Calaforra, J.M., Pulido-Bosch, A., 2003. Evolution of the gypsum Karst of
Sorbas (SE Spain). Geomorphology 50, 173–180.
Calvet, F., Zamarreño, I., Vallés, D., 1996. Late Miocene reefs of the Alicante-
Elche Basin, southeast Spain. In: Franseen, E.K., Esteban, M., Ward, W.C.,
Rouchy, J.M. (Eds.), Models for carbonate stratigraphy from Miocene reef
complexes of Mediterranean regions. Soc. Econ. Paleontol. Mineral.
Concepts in Sedimentology and Paleontology, vol. 5, pp. 177–190.
Cande, S.C., Kent, D.V., 1995. Revised calibration of the geomagnetic polarity
timescale for the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic. J. Geophys. Res. 100,
6093–6095.
Caracuel, J.E., Soria, J.M., Yébenes, A., 2004. Early Pliocene transgressive
coastal lags (Bajo Segura Basin, Spain): a marker of the flooding after the
Messinian salinity crisis. Sedim. Geol. 169, 121–128.
Cheel, R.J., 1991. Grain fabric in hummocky cross-stratified storm beds: genetic
implications. J. Sed. Petrol. 61, 102–110.
Clauzon, G., 1982. Le canyon messinien du Rhône: Une preuve décisive du
desiccated deep-basin model (Hsü, Cita et Ryan, 1973). Soc. géol. France
Bull. 7, 24, 597–610.
Clauzon, G., Suc, J.P., Gautier, F., Berger, A., Loutre, M.F., 1996. Alternate
interpretation of the Messinian salinity crisis: controversy resoved? Geology
24, 363–366.
Dronkert, H., 1976. Late Miocene evaporites in the Sorbas basin and adjoining
areas. Mem. Soc. Geol. Ital. 16, 203–243.
Esteban, M., 1979. Significance of the Upper Miocene coral reefs of the western
Mediterranean. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoecol. Palaeoclim. 29, 169–188.
Esteban, M., 1996. An overview of Miocene reefs from Mediterranean areas:
general trends and faciesmodels. In: Franseen, E.K., Esteban, M.,Ward,W.C.,
Rouchy, J.M. (Eds.), Models for carbonate stratigraphy from Miocene reef
complexes ofMediterranean regions. Soc. Econ. Paleontol.Mineral. Concepts
in Sedimentology and Paleontology, vol. 5, pp. 3–53.
Feldmann, M., McKenzie, J.A., 1997. Messinian stromatolite-thrombolite
associations, Santa Pola, SE Spain: an analogue for the Palaeozoic?
Sedimentology 44, 893–914.
Fortuin, A.R., Kelling, J.M.D., Roep, T.B., 1995. The enigmatic Messinian–
Pliocene section of Cuevas del Almanzora (Vera basin, SE Spain) revisited –
erosional features and strontium isotope ages. Sedim. Geol. 97, 177–201.
Friedman, G.M., 1973. Thin-section petrography of the Mediterranean
evaporites. Init. Rep. D.S.D.P. 13 (II), 695–713.
Garcin, M., 1987. Le bassin de San Miguel de Salinas (Alicante, Espagne),
relations entre contexte structuro-sédimentaire et depôts évaporitiques et
carbonatés au Messinien. PhD Thesis, University of Paris-Sud, Orsay, 297 pp.
Hsü, K.J., 1983. The Mediterranean was a Desert. Princeton Univ. Press.
Hsü, K.J., Cita, M.B., Ryan, W.B.F., 1973a. The origin of the Mediterranean
evaporites. Init. Rep. D.S.D.P. 13 (II), 1203–1221.
Hsü, K.J., Cita, M.B., Schreiber, B.C., 1973b. Petrography of a halite sample
from hole 134 – balearic abyssal plain. Init. Rep. D.S.D.P. 13 (II), 708–711.
Hsü, K.J., Montadert, L., Bernouilli, D., Cita, M.B., Erickson, A., Garrison, R.E.,
Kidd, R.B., Melières, F., Müller, C., Wright, R., 1977. History of the
Mediterranean salinity crisis. Nature 267, 399–403.
Krijgsman, W., Hilgen, F.J., Raffi, I., Sierro, F.J., Wilson, D.S., 1999.
Chronology, causes and progression of the Messinian salinity crisis. Nature
400, 652–655.
Krijgsman, W., Garcés, M., Agustí, J., Raffi, I., Taberner, C., Zachariasse, W.J.,
2000. The 'Tortonian salinity crisis' of the eastern Betics (Spain). Earth
Planet. Sci. Lett. 181, 497–511.
Krijgsman, W., Fortuin, A.R., Hilgen, F.J., Sierro, F.J., 2001. Astrochronology
for the Messinian Sorbas basin (SE Spain) and orbital (Precessional) forcing
for evaporite cyclicity. Sedim. Geol. 140, 43–60.
Krijgsman, W., Leewis, M.E., Garcés, M., Kouwenhoven, T.J., Kuiper, K.F.,
Sierro, F.J., 2006. Tectonic control for evaporite formation in the Eastern
Betics. Sedim. Geol. 188–189, 155–170.
Martín, J.M., Braga, J.C., 1994. Messinian events in the Sorbas Basin in
southeastern Spain and their implications in the recent history of the
Mediterranean. Sedim. Geol. 90, 257–268.
Martínez del Olmo, W., 1996. Depositional Sequences in the Gulf of Valencia
Tertiary Basin. In: Friend, P.F., Dabrio, C.J. (Eds.), Tertiary Basins of Spain:
The Stratigraphic Record of Crustal Kinematics. World and Regional
Geology, vol. 6. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 55–67.
Martínez del Olmo, W., Serrano-Oñate, A., 2000. Secuencias de depósito en el
Neógeno de la Cuenca del Mar Menor (Alicante – Murcia, SE de España).
Geotemas 1, 243–246.
Martín-Suárez, E., Freudenthal, M., 1998. Biostratigraphy of the continental
upper Miocene of Crevillente (Alicante, SE Spain). Geobios 31, 839–847.
Mein, P., 1990. Updating ofMN zones. In: Lindsay, E.H., Fahlbusch, V.,Mein,
P. (Eds.), European Mammal Chronology. NATO ASI Series A, vol. 180,
pp. 73–90.
Michalzik, D., 1996. Lithofacies, diagenetic spectra and sedimentary cycles of
Messinian (Late Miocene) evaporites in SE Spain. Sedim. Geol. 106,
203–222.
Michalzik, D., Elbracht, J., Mauthe, F., Reinhold, C., Schneider, B., 1993.
Messinian facies relations in the San Miguel de Salinas Basin, SE-Spain. Z.
dt. geol. Ges., 144, 356–369.
Montenat, C., 1990. Les bassins néogènes du domaine bétique oriental
(Espagne). Tectonique et sédimentation dans un couloir de décrochement.
Premiere partie: étude régionale. Doc. et Trav. I.G.A.L. 12–13, 1–392.
Montenat, C., Ott d'Estevou, P., Coppier, G., 1990. Les bassins neógènes entre
Alicante et Cartagena. Doc. et Trav. I.G.A.L. 12–13, 313–368.
Nesteroff, W.D., 1973. Mineralogy, petrography, distribution, and origin of
the Messinian Mediterranean evaporites. Init. Rep. D.S.D.P. 13 (II),
673–693.
Nijenhuis, I.A., 1999. Geochemistry of eastern Mediterranean sedimentary
cycles: on the origin of Miocene to Pleistocene sapropels, laminites and
diatomites. Ph.D. Thesis dissertation, Universiteit Utrecht, 162 pp.
Reinhold, C., 1995. Guild structure and aggradation pattern of Messinian Porites
patch reefs: ecological successions and external environmental control
(San Miguel de Salinas Basin, SE Spain). Sedim. Geol. 97, 157–175.
Riding, R., Braga, J.C., Martín, J.M., Sánchez-Almazo, I.M., 1998. Mediterranean
Messinian Salinity Crisis: constraints from a coeval marginal basin,
Sorbas, southeastern Spain. Mar. Geol. 146, 1–20.
Riding, R., Braga, J.C., Martín, J.M., 1999. Late Miocene Mediterranean
desiccation: topography and significance of the Salinity Crisis erosion
surface on-land in southeast Spain. Sedim. Geol. 123, 1–7.
Riding, R., Braga, J.C., Martín, J.M., 2000. Late Miocene Mediterranean
desiccation: topography and significance of the Salinity Crisis erosion
surface on-land in southeast Spain: Reply. Sedim. Geol. 133, 175–184.
Rouchy, J.M., Caruso, A., 2006. The Messinian salinity crisis in the
Mediterranean basin: a reassessment of the data and an integrated scenario.
Sedim. Geol. 188–189, 35–67.
Roveri, M., Bassetti, M.A., Ricci Lucchi, F., 2001. The Mediterranean
Messinian salinity crisis: an apennine foredeep perspective. Sedim. Geol.
140, 201–214.
Ryan, W.B.F., 1976. Quantitative evaluation of the deep of Western
Mediterranean before, during and after the Late Miocene salinity crisis.
Sedimentology 23, 791–813.
Ryan, W.B.F., Cita, M.B., 1978. The nature and distribution of Messinian
erosional surfaces – indicators of a several-kilometer-deep Mediterranean in
the Miocene. Mar. Geol. 27, 193–230.
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