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Possible electromagnetic earthquake precursors in two years of ELF-VLF monitoring in the atmosphere
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
1.8. Osservazioni di geofisica ambientale
Status
Published
JCR Journal
N/A or not JCR
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
2/48 (2007)
Publisher
Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale - OGS, Trieste, Italy.
Pages (printed)
205-212
Issued date
June 2007
Alternative Location
Abstract
In this study we show that ELF-VLF emissions, occurred during the fracturing of rocks in laboratory experiments and during rock extraction in a cave, have been recorded also before earthquakes by 3 ELF-VLF stations installed in the central Apennines. The electric field emission is composed by two types of signals which are related to the evolution of micro-fractures within the rocks. During two years of monitoring, from August 2003 to September 2005, we recorded three signals, which all have frequency band and characteristics similar to the signal recorded during the fracturing of rocks in the laboratory and during the extraction of rocks. All these signals occurred a few days before the occurrence of M ≥ 4.5 earthquakes in the surrounding region (100-300 km). May be EM precursors of the earthquakes ?
References
Akinaga Y., Hayakawa M., Liu J.Y., Yumoto K. e Hattori K., 2001: A precursory ULF segnature for the Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 1:33-36, 2001.
Asada T., Baba H., Kawazoe M., Sugiura M., 2001: An attempt to delineate very low frequency electromagnetic signals associated with earthquakes. Terrapub , EPS, Vol. 53, N. 1, pp. 55-62, 2001.
Bella F., Biagi P.F., Caputo M., Della Monica G., Ermini A., Pettinelli V. e Sgrigna V., 1993: Ground tilt variations detected in the Central Appennines in the period 1986-1989 and their correlation with seismicity, Nuovo Cimento C, 16, 303-311, 1993
Bella F., Biagi P.F., Caputo M., Cozzi E., Della Monica G., Ermini A., Plastino W., Sgrigna V., 1998: Field strength variations of LF radio waves prior to earthquakes in central Italy, Physics of the Planetari Interiors, 105, 279-286, 1998.
Caputo M., 1987: Sismologia e segnali precursori dei terremoti, Ed. Calderini, 1987, 184 pp..
Karakelian D., Klemperer S.R., Thompson J.A. e Fraser-Smith A.C., 2000: Results from Electromagnetic monitoring of the Mw 5.1 San Juan Bautista, California earthquake of 12 august 1998, Proc. 3rd conf. "Tectonic problems of the San Andreas Fault System," Eds. G. Bokelman and R.L. Kovach, Stanford University Publications, Geological Sciences XX1, 334-345.
Karakelian D., Beroza G.C., Klemperer S.L. e Fraser-smith, 2000: Analysis of ultra-low frequency electromagnetic field measurements associated with the 1999 M7.1 Hector Mine earthquake sequence, BSSA special section on the Hector Mine Earthquake in California.
Eftaxias K., Kapiris P., Polygiannakis J., Peratzakis a., Kopanas J., Antonopulos G. e Rigas D., 2003: Experience of short term earthquake precursors with VLF-VHF electromagnetic emissions, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 3:217-228, 2003.
Fraser-Smith A.C., Bernardi A., McGill P.R., Ladd M.E., Helliwell R.A., and Villard O.G. Jr., 1990: Low-frequency magnetic field measurements near the epicenter of the Ms 7.1 Loma Prieta earthquake, Geoph. Res. Letts., v.17, n.9, 1465-1468, 1990.
Galli I., 1910: Raccolta e classificazione di fenomeni luminosi osservati nei terremoti. Boll. Soc. Sismol. Ital., 14, 221-448.
Ismaguliov V.S., Kopytenko Y.A., Hattori K. e Mayakawa M., 2002: Variations of phase velocity and gradient values of ULF disturbances connected with the Izu strong earthquakes, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 3:211-215, 2002.
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia: [ http://www.ingv.it ], Bollettino sismico INGV: [ http://www.ingv.it/~roma/reti/rms/bollettino/boll.htm ].
Liu J.Y. et al., 2004: Pre-earthquake ionospheric anomalies registred by continuous GSP TEC measurements. Ann. Geophys. 22, 1585-1593, 2004.
Mognaschi E.R., 1998: Segnali radio che precedono eventi sismici, Radioonde 8, ottobre, 1997. (Web page: www.anisn.it/geologia2000/R_Mog.html).
Mognaschi E.R. & Zezza U., 2000: Detection of electromagnetic emission from fracture of rocks and building stones under stress, Atti del “5th International Congress on Restoration of Architectural Heritage”, Firenze, 17 settembre, 2000, 553-562.
Molchanov O., Schekotov A., Fetorov E., Belyaev G. e Gordeev E., 2002: Presismic ULF electromagnetic effect from observation at Kamchatka, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 3:203-209, 2002.
Nagao T., Enomoto Y., Fujinawa Y., Hata M., Hayakawa M., Huang Q., Izutsu J., Kushida Y., Maeda, K., Oike K., Uyeda S., e Yoshino T., 2002: Electromagnetic anomalies associated with 1995 Kobe earthquake, J. geodynamics, 33, 4-5, 349-359, 2002.
Nardi A., 2001: Evideze di emissioni elettromagnetiche in rocce sottoposte a sollecitazione meccanica. Tesi di laurea in Scienze Geologiche, Università degli studi di Roma “La Sapienza”, 195 pp..
Nardi A., Caputo M., De Natale G. and Scarascia Mugnozza G., 2003: Evidence for electromagnetic emissions during rock loading and fracture: a way towards earthquake forecast. In home page of International Center of Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Trieste, Agenda 2003, 29 September - 11 October, Seventh Workshop on Non-linear Dynamics and Earthquake Prediction. Also in Proceedings: 22° Convegno Nazionale Gruppo Nazionale Geofisica Terra Solida 18-20 November 2003.
Nardi A. and Caputo M., 2003: A perspective electric earthquake precursor observed in the Apennines. Proceedings: 23° Convegno Nazionale Gruppo Nazionale Geofisica Terra Solida 16-18 Dicembre 2004.(in press) Boll. Geof. Teor. Appl. (2006).
Nardi A. and Caputo M., 2005: Electromagnetic Emissions During Rock Loading and Fracture, First Precursors Recorded. In home page of International Center of Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Trieste, Agenda 2005, 3 October –17 October 2005, Eighth Workshop on Non-linear Dynamics and Earthquake Prediction.
Ohta k., Umeda K., Watanabe N. e Hayakawa M., 2001: ULF/ELF emissions observed in Japan, possibly associated with the Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 1:37-42, 2001.
Pulinets S.A., Boyarchuk, K.A., 2004: Ionospheric precursors of earthquakes. Sprinter, Berlin, Germany, p. 315, 2004.
Smirnova N., Hayakawa M., Gotoh K. e Volobuev B., 2001: Scaling characteristics of geomagnetic ULF fields at the Guam sismoactive area and their yinamics in relation to the earthquakes, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 1:119-126, 2001.
Yoshino T., 1997: Case 26 – Increase VLF Background Noise Level. Pure Appl. Geophys, 149 (1997), 147-157.
Asada T., Baba H., Kawazoe M., Sugiura M., 2001: An attempt to delineate very low frequency electromagnetic signals associated with earthquakes. Terrapub , EPS, Vol. 53, N. 1, pp. 55-62, 2001.
Bella F., Biagi P.F., Caputo M., Della Monica G., Ermini A., Pettinelli V. e Sgrigna V., 1993: Ground tilt variations detected in the Central Appennines in the period 1986-1989 and their correlation with seismicity, Nuovo Cimento C, 16, 303-311, 1993
Bella F., Biagi P.F., Caputo M., Cozzi E., Della Monica G., Ermini A., Plastino W., Sgrigna V., 1998: Field strength variations of LF radio waves prior to earthquakes in central Italy, Physics of the Planetari Interiors, 105, 279-286, 1998.
Caputo M., 1987: Sismologia e segnali precursori dei terremoti, Ed. Calderini, 1987, 184 pp..
Karakelian D., Klemperer S.R., Thompson J.A. e Fraser-Smith A.C., 2000: Results from Electromagnetic monitoring of the Mw 5.1 San Juan Bautista, California earthquake of 12 august 1998, Proc. 3rd conf. "Tectonic problems of the San Andreas Fault System," Eds. G. Bokelman and R.L. Kovach, Stanford University Publications, Geological Sciences XX1, 334-345.
Karakelian D., Beroza G.C., Klemperer S.L. e Fraser-smith, 2000: Analysis of ultra-low frequency electromagnetic field measurements associated with the 1999 M7.1 Hector Mine earthquake sequence, BSSA special section on the Hector Mine Earthquake in California.
Eftaxias K., Kapiris P., Polygiannakis J., Peratzakis a., Kopanas J., Antonopulos G. e Rigas D., 2003: Experience of short term earthquake precursors with VLF-VHF electromagnetic emissions, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 3:217-228, 2003.
Fraser-Smith A.C., Bernardi A., McGill P.R., Ladd M.E., Helliwell R.A., and Villard O.G. Jr., 1990: Low-frequency magnetic field measurements near the epicenter of the Ms 7.1 Loma Prieta earthquake, Geoph. Res. Letts., v.17, n.9, 1465-1468, 1990.
Galli I., 1910: Raccolta e classificazione di fenomeni luminosi osservati nei terremoti. Boll. Soc. Sismol. Ital., 14, 221-448.
Ismaguliov V.S., Kopytenko Y.A., Hattori K. e Mayakawa M., 2002: Variations of phase velocity and gradient values of ULF disturbances connected with the Izu strong earthquakes, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 3:211-215, 2002.
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia: [ http://www.ingv.it ], Bollettino sismico INGV: [ http://www.ingv.it/~roma/reti/rms/bollettino/boll.htm ].
Liu J.Y. et al., 2004: Pre-earthquake ionospheric anomalies registred by continuous GSP TEC measurements. Ann. Geophys. 22, 1585-1593, 2004.
Mognaschi E.R., 1998: Segnali radio che precedono eventi sismici, Radioonde 8, ottobre, 1997. (Web page: www.anisn.it/geologia2000/R_Mog.html).
Mognaschi E.R. & Zezza U., 2000: Detection of electromagnetic emission from fracture of rocks and building stones under stress, Atti del “5th International Congress on Restoration of Architectural Heritage”, Firenze, 17 settembre, 2000, 553-562.
Molchanov O., Schekotov A., Fetorov E., Belyaev G. e Gordeev E., 2002: Presismic ULF electromagnetic effect from observation at Kamchatka, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 3:203-209, 2002.
Nagao T., Enomoto Y., Fujinawa Y., Hata M., Hayakawa M., Huang Q., Izutsu J., Kushida Y., Maeda, K., Oike K., Uyeda S., e Yoshino T., 2002: Electromagnetic anomalies associated with 1995 Kobe earthquake, J. geodynamics, 33, 4-5, 349-359, 2002.
Nardi A., 2001: Evideze di emissioni elettromagnetiche in rocce sottoposte a sollecitazione meccanica. Tesi di laurea in Scienze Geologiche, Università degli studi di Roma “La Sapienza”, 195 pp..
Nardi A., Caputo M., De Natale G. and Scarascia Mugnozza G., 2003: Evidence for electromagnetic emissions during rock loading and fracture: a way towards earthquake forecast. In home page of International Center of Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Trieste, Agenda 2003, 29 September - 11 October, Seventh Workshop on Non-linear Dynamics and Earthquake Prediction. Also in Proceedings: 22° Convegno Nazionale Gruppo Nazionale Geofisica Terra Solida 18-20 November 2003.
Nardi A. and Caputo M., 2003: A perspective electric earthquake precursor observed in the Apennines. Proceedings: 23° Convegno Nazionale Gruppo Nazionale Geofisica Terra Solida 16-18 Dicembre 2004.(in press) Boll. Geof. Teor. Appl. (2006).
Nardi A. and Caputo M., 2005: Electromagnetic Emissions During Rock Loading and Fracture, First Precursors Recorded. In home page of International Center of Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Trieste, Agenda 2005, 3 October –17 October 2005, Eighth Workshop on Non-linear Dynamics and Earthquake Prediction.
Ohta k., Umeda K., Watanabe N. e Hayakawa M., 2001: ULF/ELF emissions observed in Japan, possibly associated with the Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 1:37-42, 2001.
Pulinets S.A., Boyarchuk, K.A., 2004: Ionospheric precursors of earthquakes. Sprinter, Berlin, Germany, p. 315, 2004.
Smirnova N., Hayakawa M., Gotoh K. e Volobuev B., 2001: Scaling characteristics of geomagnetic ULF fields at the Guam sismoactive area and their yinamics in relation to the earthquakes, Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 1:119-126, 2001.
Yoshino T., 1997: Case 26 – Increase VLF Background Noise Level. Pure Appl. Geophys, 149 (1997), 147-157.
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