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A critical revision of the seismicity of Northern Apulia (Adriatic microplate - Southern Italy) and implications for the identification of seismogenic structures
Author(s)
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
3.2. Tettonica attiva
Status
Published
JCR Journal
JCR Journal
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
436 (2007)
Publisher
Elsevier
Pages (printed)
9 - 35
Issued date
March 3, 2007
Alternative Location
Abstract
Northern Apulia is an emerged portion of the Adriatic microplate, representing the foreland–foredeep area of a stretch of the
Apennine chain in southern Italy. The interaction between the relatively rigid microplate and the contiguous more deformable
domains is responsible for the intense seismicity affecting the chain area. However strong, sometimes even disastrous, earthquakes
have also hit northern Apulia on several occasions. The identification of the causative faults of such events is still unclear and
different hypotheses have been reported in literature. In order to provide guidelines and constraints in the search for these
structures, a comprehensive re-examination and reprocessing of all the available seismic data has been carried out taking into
consideration 1) the characteristics of historical events, 2) the accurate relocation of events instrumentally recorded in the last
20 years, 3) the determination of focal mechanisms and of the regional stress tensor.
The results obtained bring to light a distinction between the foreland and foredeep areas. In the first region there is evidence of a
regional stress combining NWcompression and NE extension, thus structures responsible for major earthquakes should be searched for
among strike–slip faults, possibly with a slight transpressive character. These structures could be either approximately N–S oriented
sinistral or E–Wdextral faults. In the foredeep region there is a transition toward transtensive mechanisms,with strikes similar to those of
the previous zone, or maybe also towardsNWoriented normal faults,more similar to those prevailing in the southern Apennine chain in
relation to a dominant NE extension; this appears to be the effect of a reduction of the NW compression, probably due to a decrease in
efficiency of stress transmission along the more tectonised border of the Adriatic microplate.
Apennine chain in southern Italy. The interaction between the relatively rigid microplate and the contiguous more deformable
domains is responsible for the intense seismicity affecting the chain area. However strong, sometimes even disastrous, earthquakes
have also hit northern Apulia on several occasions. The identification of the causative faults of such events is still unclear and
different hypotheses have been reported in literature. In order to provide guidelines and constraints in the search for these
structures, a comprehensive re-examination and reprocessing of all the available seismic data has been carried out taking into
consideration 1) the characteristics of historical events, 2) the accurate relocation of events instrumentally recorded in the last
20 years, 3) the determination of focal mechanisms and of the regional stress tensor.
The results obtained bring to light a distinction between the foreland and foredeep areas. In the first region there is evidence of a
regional stress combining NWcompression and NE extension, thus structures responsible for major earthquakes should be searched for
among strike–slip faults, possibly with a slight transpressive character. These structures could be either approximately N–S oriented
sinistral or E–Wdextral faults. In the foredeep region there is a transition toward transtensive mechanisms,with strikes similar to those of
the previous zone, or maybe also towardsNWoriented normal faults,more similar to those prevailing in the southern Apennine chain in
relation to a dominant NE extension; this appears to be the effect of a reduction of the NW compression, probably due to a decrease in
efficiency of stress transmission along the more tectonised border of the Adriatic microplate.
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Single phase fault populations: a new method of computing the
stress–tensor. Geophys. J. R. Astron. Soc. 69, 607–621.
Anzidei, M., Baldi, P., Casula, G., Galvani, A.,Mantovani, E., Pesci, A.,
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D'Onza, F., Cenni, N., Mugnaioli, E., 2004. Relative motion of the
Adriatic with respect to the confining plates: seismological and
geodetic constraints. Geophys. J. Int. 159, 765–775.
Bath, M., Duda, S.J., 1964. Earthquake volume, fault plane area,
seismic energy, strain, deformation and related quantities. Ann.
Geofis. 17 (3), 353–368.
Billi, A., 2003. Solution slip and separations on strike–slip fault zones:
theory and application to the Mattinata fault, Italy. J. Struct. Geol.
25, 703–715.
Boschi, E., Guidoboni, E., Ferrari, G., Mariotti, D., Valensise, G.,
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461 B.C. to 1997. Ann. Geofis. 43 (4), 609–868.
Calcagnile, G., Panza, G.F., 1980. Upper mantle structure of the Apulian
plate from Rayleigh waves. Pure Appl. Geophys. 119, 866–879.
Casnedi, R., 1988. La fossa Bradanica: origine, sedimentazione
e migrazione. Mem. Soc. Geol. Ital. 41, 439–448.
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promontory, in Mesozoic Mediterranean palaeogeography. Earth
Sci. Rev. 15, 213–292.
Chiarabba, C., De Gori, P., Chiaraluce, L., Bordoni, P., Cattaneo, M., De
Martin, M., Frepoli, A., Michelini, A., Monachesi, A., Moretti, M.,
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Ferretti, G., Pasta,M., Spallarossa, D., Zumino, E., 2005. Mainshocks
and aftershocks of the 2002 Molise seismic sequence, southern Italy. J.
Seismol. 9, 487–494.
Cimini, G.B., De Gori, P., Frepoli, A., 2006. Passive seismology in
southern Italy: the SAPTEX array. Ann. Geophys. 49, 825–840.
Console, R., Di Giovambattista, R., Favali, P., Smriglio, G., 1989. Lower
Adriatic sea seismic sequence (January 1986): spatial definition of
the seismogenic structure. Tectonophysics 166, 235–246.
Console, R., Di Giovambattista, R., Favali, P., Presgrave, B.W.,
Smriglio, G., 1993. Seismicity of the Adriatic microplate. Tectonophysics
218, 343–354.
CPTI Working Group (ING; GNDT; SGA; SSN), 2004. Catalogo
parametrico dei terremoti italiani. Editrice Compositori, Bologna,
pp. 88 also available on http://emidius.mi.ingv.it/CPTI/home.html.
Del Gaudio, V., Pierri, P., Calcagnile, G., 1994. Modellazione di
sorgente sismica dai piani quotati. Atti 13° Convegno GNGTS,
Esagrafica s.r.l., Roma, pp. 943–948.
Del Gaudio, V., Festa, V., Ripa, R.R., Iurilli, V., Pierri, P., Calcagnile, G.,
Moretti, M., Pieri, P., Tropeano, M., 2001. Evidence of Apulian
crustal structures related to low energy seismicity (Murge —
southern Italy). Ann. Geofis. 44 (5–6), 1049–1066.
Del Gaudio, V., Mastronuzzi, G., Sansò, P., 2002. Tracking down a
tsunami-generative fault in the Gargano region (southern Italy).
Geophys. Res. Abstr. 4, 02536.
Del Gaudio, V., Pierri, P., Calcagnile, G., Venisti, N., 2005.
Characteristics of the low energy seismicity of central Apulia
(southern Italy) and hazard implications. J. Seismol. 9, 39–59.
De Martini, P.M., Burrato, P., Pantosti, D., Maramai, A., Graziani, L.,
Abramson, H., 2003. Identification of tsunami deposits and
liquefaction features in the Gargano area (Italy): paleoseismological
implication. Ann. Geophys. 46, 883–902.
Devoti, R., Ferraro, C., Gueguen, E., Lanotte, R., Luceri, V., Nardi, A.,
Pacione, R., Rutigliano, P., Sciarretta, C., Vespe, F., 2002.
Geodetic control on recent tectonic movements in the central
Mediterranean area. Tectonophysics 346, 151–167.
Di Luccio, F., Fukuyama, E., Pino, N.A., 2005. The 2002 Molise
earthquake sequence: what can we learn about the tectonics of
southern Italy? Tectonophysics 405, 141–154.
Doglioni, C., Mongelli, F., Pieri, P., 1994. The Puglia uplift (SE Italy): an
anomaly in the foreland of the Apenninic subduction due to buckling
of a thick continental lithosphere. Tectonics 13, 1309–1321.
Favali, P., 1978. Sismogenia e caratteristiche sismiche del tratto di
faglia della “Carbonara” da Monte S. Angelo a San Severo. Ann.
Geofis. 32, 225–241.
Favali, P., Funiciello, R., Mattietti, G., Mele, G., Salvini, F., 1993. An
active margin across the Adriatic sea (central Mediterranean sea).
Tectonophysics 219, 109–117.
Frepoli, A., Amato, A., 2000. Fault plane solutions of crustal
earthquakes in southern Italy (1988–1995): seismotectonic
implications. Ann. Geofis. 43 (3), 437–467.
Gasperini, P., Bernardini, F., Valensise, G., Boschi, E., 1999. Defining
seismogenic sources from historical earthquake felt reports. Bull.
Seismol. Soc. Am. 89, 94–110.
Gephart, J.W., 1990. FMSI: A FORTRAN program for inverting fault/
slickenside and earthquake focal mechanism data to obtain the
regional stress tensor. Comput. Geosci. 16, 953–989.
Gephart, J.W., Forsyth, W.D., 1984. An improved method for
determining the regional stress tensor using earthquake focal
mechanism data: applications to the San Fernando earthquake
sequence. J. Geophys. Res. 89, 9305–9320.
Gianfreda, F., Mastronuzzi, G., Sansò, P., 2001. Impact of historical
tsunamis on a sandy coastal barrier: an example from the northern
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