Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/2122/2407
Authors: Funiciello, F.* 
Moroni, M.* 
Piromallo, C.* 
Faccenna, C.* 
Cenedese, A.* 
Bui, H. A.* 
Title: Mapping mantle flow during retreating subduction: Laboratory models analyzed by feature tracking
Journal: J. Geophys. Res. 
Series/Report no.: /111 (2006)
Publisher: Agu
Issue Date: 2006
DOI: 10.1029/2005JB003792
Keywords: mantle flow
subduction
Subject Classification04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.01. Continents 
04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.06. Subduction related processes 
Abstract: Three-dimensional dynamically consistent laboratory models are carried out to model the large-scale mantle circulation induced by subduction of a laterally migrating slab. A laboratory analogue of a slab–upper mantle system is set up with two linearly viscous layers of silicone putty and glucose syrup in a tank. The circulation pattern is continuously monitored and quantitatively estimated using a feature tracking image analysis technique. The effects of plate width and mantle viscosity/density on mantle circulation are systematically considered. The experiments show that rollback subduction generates a complex three-dimensional time-dependent mantle circulation pattern characterized by the presence of two distinct components: the poloidal and the toroidal circulation. The poloidal component is the answer to the viscous coupling between the slab motion and the mantle, while the toroidal one is produced by lateral slab migration. Spatial and temporal features of mantle circulation are carefully analyzed. These models show that (1) poloidal and toroidal mantle circulation are both active since the beginning of the subduction process, (2) mantle circulation is intermittent, (3) plate width affects the velocity and the dimension of subduction induced mantle circulation area, and (4) mantle flow in subduction zones cannot be correctly described by models assuming a two-dimensional steady state process. We show that the intermittent toroidal component of mantle circulation, missed in those models, plays a crucial role in modifying the geometry and the efficiency of the poloidal component
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