Options
Geomorphologic observations and physical hypothesis on Martian gullies
Other Titles
Osservazioni geomorfologiche e ipotesi fisiche sulla natura dei calanchi marziani
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
7A. Geofisica per il monitoraggio ambientale
Status
Published
JCR Journal
JCR Journal
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
2/141 (2022)
Publisher
SGI
Pages (printed)
245-258
Issued date
June 2022
Subjects
05.07. Space and Planetary sciences
03.02. Hydrology
Abstract
We propose a hypothesis to explain the erosive phenomenon of Martian gullies under current climatic conditions. This model is consistent with the morphology and finds support in the characteristic geographic diffusion of the gullies, which seem to avoid exposure to the sun and the hottest latitudes. We hypothesize a transient flow of spring water fed by melting permafrost which can occur only in certain latitudes and altitudes, with seasonal variability and for a very short time. Furthermore, this phenomenon can only occur in certain ranges of temperature and pressure, therefore when particular and sporadic weather conditions allow it. For this reason, we propose to call it weather-springing water (WSW).
References
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HERNY C., CONWAY S.J., RAACK J., CARPY S., COLLEU-BANSE T., PATEL M.R. (2018). Downslope sediment transport by boiling liquid water under Mars-like conditions: experiments and potential implications for Martian gullies. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 467, pp. 373-410. https://doi.org/10.1144/SP467.10
COSTARD F., FORGET F., MANGOLD N., PEULVAST J. P. (2002). Formation of recent Martian debris flows by melting of near-surface ground ice at high obliquity. Science, 295, pp. 110-113. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1066698
DUNDAS C.M., DINIEGA S., HANSEN C.J., BYRNE S., MCEWEN A.S. (2012). Seasonal activity and morphological changes in martian gullies. Icarus, Volume 220, Issue 1, 2012, pp. 124-143, ISSN 0019-1035. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2012.04.005.
DUNDAS COLIN M., MCEWEN ALFRED S., DINIEGA SERINA, HANSEN CANDICE J., BYRNE SHANE, MCELWAINE JIM N. (2017). The formation of gullies on Mars today. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 467, 67-94, 27 November 2017. https://doi.org/10.1144/SP467.5
FENTON L.K. (2006). Dune migration and slip face advancement in the Rabe Crater dune field, Mars. Geophysical Research Letters, 33, L20201. https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL027133
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GAIDOS E. J. (2001). Cryovolcanism and the recent flow of liquid water on Mars. Icarus, 153, pp. 218-223. https://doi.org/10.1006/icar.2001.6649
HABERLE R.M., MCKAY C.P., SCHAEFFER J., CABROL N.A., GRIN E.A., ZENT A.P. AND QUINN R. (2001). On the possibility of liquid water on present-day Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research–Planets, 106, 23317–23326. https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JE001360
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HELDMANN J. L. AND MELLON M. T. (2004). Observations of Martian gullies and constraints on potential formation mechanisms. Icarus, 168(2), 285-304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2003.11.024
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HELDMANN J. L., CARLSSON E., JOHANSSON H., MELLON M. T. AND TOON O. B. (2007). Observations of Martian gullies and constraints on potential formation mechanisms: II. The northern hemisphere. Icarus, 188(2), 324-344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2006.12.010
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HESS S.L., RYAN J.A., TILLMAN J.E., HENRY R.M. AND LEOVY C.B. (1980). The annual cycle of pressure on Mars measured by Viking Landers 1 and 2. Geophysical Research Letters, 7, 197–200. https://doi.org/10.1029/GL007i003p00197
HOURDIN F., FORGET F. AND TALAGRAND O. (1995). The sensitivity of the Martian surface pressure and atmospheric mass budget to various parameters: a comparison between numerical simulations and Viking observations. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 5501–5523. https://doi.org/10.1029/94JE03079
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INGERSOLL A.P. (1970). Mars: occurrence of liquid water. Science, 168, 972–973. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.168.3934.972
JONES, K. L., ARVIDSON, R. E., GUINNESS, E. A., BRAGG, S. L., WALL, S. D., CARLSTON, C. E., & PIDEK, D. G. (1979). One Mars year: Viking lander imaging observations. Science, 204(4395), 799-806. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.204.4395.799
JOUANNIC G., GARGANI J., COSTARD F., ORI G.G., MARMO C., SCHMIDT F. AND LUCAS A. (2012). Morphological and mechanical characterization of gullies in a periglacial environment: The case of the Russell crater dune (Mars). Planetary and Space Science, 71(1), 38-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2012.07.005
LANZA N. L., GILMORE M. S. (2006). Depths, orientation and slopes of Martian hillside gullies in the northern hemisphere. In 37th Annual Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, p. 2412.
LEE P. (2002). Slope Gullies on Devon Island, Canadian Arctic: Possible Analogs for Gullies on Mars and Evidence for Recent Transient Environmental Change on Mars. Am. Geophys. Union, Fall Meet. 2002, abstract #P12A–0362.
LEVIN G.V. AND LEVIN R.L. (1998). Liquid water and life on Mars. Instruments, Methods, and Missions for Astrobiology, SPIE Proceedings, 3441, 30-41, July 1998. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.319849
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MANGOLD N., MANGENEY A., MIGEON V., ANSAN V., LUCAS A., BARATOUX D. AND BOUCHUT F. (2010). Sinuous gullies on Mars: Frequency, distribution, and implications for flow properties. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 115(E11). https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JE003540
MARTÍNEZ, G. M., & RENNO, N. O. (2013). Water and brines on Mars: current evidence and implications for MSL. Space Science Reviews, 175(1), 29-51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-012-9956-3
MARTÍN-TORRES, F., ZORZANO, MP., VALENTÍN-SERRANO, P. ET AL. (2015). Transient liquid water and water activity at Gale crater on Mars. Nature Geoscience, 8, 357–361. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2412
MASTERTON W.L. AND HURLEY C.N. (2011). Chemistry: Principles and Reactions. Thomson Brooks / Cole, Belmont.
MITROFANOV, I., ANFIMOV, D., KOZYREV, A., LITVAK, M., SANIN, A., TRET'YAKOV, V., et al. (2002). Maps of subsurface hydrogen from the high energy neutron detector, Mars Odyssey. Science, 297(5578), 78–81. http://www-geodyn.mit.edu/jpl_02/mitrofanov.pdf
MOHLMANN D. AND KERESZTURI A. (2010). Viscous liquid film flow on dune slopes of Mars. Icarus, 207, 654–658. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2010.01.002
MOTAZEDIAN T. (2003). Currently flowing water on Mars. Lunar and Planetary Science XXXIV, 2003.
MUSSELWHITE D.S., SWINDLE T.D. AND LUNINE J.I. (2001). Liquid CO2 breakout and the formation of recent small gullies on Mars. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28(7), 1283–1285.
NUDING D.L., DAVIS R.D., GOUGH R.V. AND TOLBERT M.A. (2015). The aqueous stability of a Mars salt analog: instant Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research – Planets, 120, 588–598. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JE004722
OROSEI R., LAURO S.E., PETTINELLI E., CICCHETTI A., CORADINI M., COSCIOTTI B., DI PAOLO F., FLAMINI E., MATTEI E., PAJOLA M., SOLDOVIERI F., CARTACCI M., CASSENTI F., FRIGERI A., GIUPPI S., MARTUFI R., MASDEA A., MITRI G., NENNA C., NOSCHESE R., RESTANO M., SEU R. (2018). Radar evidence of subglacial liquid water on Mars. Science, 03 Aug 2018: 490-493. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aar7268 https://science.sciencemag.org/content/361/6401/490.abstract
PELLETIER J. D., KOLB K. J., MCEWEN A. S., KIRK R. L. (2008). Recent bright gully deposits on Mars: Wet or dry flow? Geology 2008, 36 (3), 211–214. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/G24346A.1
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RICHARDSON M.I. AND MISCHNA M.A. (2005). Long-term evolution of transient liquid water on Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research – Planets, 110, E03003. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JE002367
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BRASS G.W. (1980). Stability of brines on Mars. Icarus, 42, 20–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/0019-1035(80)90237-7
CHEMICAL RUBBER HANDBOOK (1974). 54th ed., pp. D-158 to D-160, Weast, R., ed., Cleveland, 1973-74.
CHRISTENSEN P. R. (2003). Formation of recent Martian gullies through melting of extensive water-rich snow deposits. Nature, 2003, 422, pp. 45-48. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01436
HERNY C., CONWAY S.J., RAACK J., CARPY S., COLLEU-BANSE T., PATEL M.R. (2018). Downslope sediment transport by boiling liquid water under Mars-like conditions: experiments and potential implications for Martian gullies. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 467, pp. 373-410. https://doi.org/10.1144/SP467.10
COSTARD F., FORGET F., MANGOLD N., PEULVAST J. P. (2002). Formation of recent Martian debris flows by melting of near-surface ground ice at high obliquity. Science, 295, pp. 110-113. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1066698
DUNDAS C.M., DINIEGA S., HANSEN C.J., BYRNE S., MCEWEN A.S. (2012). Seasonal activity and morphological changes in martian gullies. Icarus, Volume 220, Issue 1, 2012, pp. 124-143, ISSN 0019-1035. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2012.04.005.
DUNDAS COLIN M., MCEWEN ALFRED S., DINIEGA SERINA, HANSEN CANDICE J., BYRNE SHANE, MCELWAINE JIM N. (2017). The formation of gullies on Mars today. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 467, 67-94, 27 November 2017. https://doi.org/10.1144/SP467.5
FENTON L.K. (2006). Dune migration and slip face advancement in the Rabe Crater dune field, Mars. Geophysical Research Letters, 33, L20201. https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL027133
FELDMAN, W. C., BOYNTON, W. V., TOKAR, R. L., PRETTYMAN, T. H., GASNAULT, O., SQUYRES, S. W., et al. (2002). Global distribution of neutrons from Mars: Results from Mars Odyssey. Science, 297, 75–78. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1073541
GILMORE, M.S. AND PHILLIPS E.L. (2002). Role of aquicludes in formation of Martian gullies. Geology, 30(12), 1107, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030%3C1107:ROAIFO%3E2.0.CO;2.
GAIDOS E. J. (2001). Cryovolcanism and the recent flow of liquid water on Mars. Icarus, 153, pp. 218-223. https://doi.org/10.1006/icar.2001.6649
HABERLE R.M., MCKAY C.P., SCHAEFFER J., CABROL N.A., GRIN E.A., ZENT A.P. AND QUINN R. (2001). On the possibility of liquid water on present-day Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research–Planets, 106, 23317–23326. https://doi.org/10.1029/2000JE001360
HARRISON T.N., OSINSKI G.R., TORNABENE L.L. (2014). Global documentation of gullies with the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Context camera (CTX) and implications for their formation [abstract 2124]. In 45 th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference Abstracts, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston. https://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2014/pdf/2124.pdf
HARRISON T.N. (2016). Martian gully formation and evolution: Studies from the local to global scale. PhD dissertation, University of Western Ontario, Canada. Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository. 3980. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/3980
HARTMANN, W.K., THORSTEINSSON T. AND SIGURDSSON F. (2002). Comparison of Icelandic and Martian hillside gullies. Lunar Planet. Sci. XXXIII, 1904.
HECHT M.H. (2002). Metastability of liquid water on Mars. Icarus, 156, 373–386. https://doi.org/10.1006/icar.2001.6794
HELDMANN J. L. AND MELLON M. T. (2004). Observations of Martian gullies and constraints on potential formation mechanisms. Icarus, 168(2), 285-304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2003.11.024
HELDMANN J.L., TOON O.B., POLLARD W.H., MELLON M.T., PITLICK J., MCKAY C.P. AND ANDERSEN D.T. (2005). Formation of Martian gullies by the action of liquid water flowing under current Martian environmental conditions. Journal of Geophysical Research–Planets, 110, E05004. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JE002261
HELDMANN J. L., CARLSSON E., JOHANSSON H., MELLON M. T. AND TOON O. B. (2007). Observations of Martian gullies and constraints on potential formation mechanisms: II. The northern hemisphere. Icarus, 188(2), 324-344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2006.12.010
HERNY C., CONWAY S.J., RAACK J., CARPY S., COLLEU-BANSE T., AND PATEL M.R. (2019). Downslope sediment transport by boiling liquid water under Mars-like conditions: experiments and potential implications for Martian gullies. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 467(1), 373-410. https://doi.org/10.1144/SP467.10
HESS S.L., RYAN J.A., TILLMAN J.E., HENRY R.M. AND LEOVY C.B. (1980). The annual cycle of pressure on Mars measured by Viking Landers 1 and 2. Geophysical Research Letters, 7, 197–200. https://doi.org/10.1029/GL007i003p00197
HOURDIN F., FORGET F. AND TALAGRAND O. (1995). The sensitivity of the Martian surface pressure and atmospheric mass budget to various parameters: a comparison between numerical simulations and Viking observations. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 5501–5523. https://doi.org/10.1029/94JE03079
KHULLER, A. R., CHRISTENSEN, P. R. (2021). Evidence of exposed dusty water ice within Martian gullies. JGR Planets, 126 (2), e2020JE006539. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JE006539
INGERSOLL A.P. (1970). Mars: occurrence of liquid water. Science, 168, 972–973. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.168.3934.972
JONES, K. L., ARVIDSON, R. E., GUINNESS, E. A., BRAGG, S. L., WALL, S. D., CARLSTON, C. E., & PIDEK, D. G. (1979). One Mars year: Viking lander imaging observations. Science, 204(4395), 799-806. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.204.4395.799
JOUANNIC G., GARGANI J., COSTARD F., ORI G.G., MARMO C., SCHMIDT F. AND LUCAS A. (2012). Morphological and mechanical characterization of gullies in a periglacial environment: The case of the Russell crater dune (Mars). Planetary and Space Science, 71(1), 38-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2012.07.005
LANZA N. L., GILMORE M. S. (2006). Depths, orientation and slopes of Martian hillside gullies in the northern hemisphere. In 37th Annual Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, p. 2412.
LEE P. (2002). Slope Gullies on Devon Island, Canadian Arctic: Possible Analogs for Gullies on Mars and Evidence for Recent Transient Environmental Change on Mars. Am. Geophys. Union, Fall Meet. 2002, abstract #P12A–0362.
LEVIN G.V. AND LEVIN R.L. (1998). Liquid water and life on Mars. Instruments, Methods, and Missions for Astrobiology, SPIE Proceedings, 3441, 30-41, July 1998. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.319849
LOBITZ B., WOOD B.L., AVERNER M.M., MCKAY C.P. (2001). Use of spacecraft data to derive regions on Mars where liquid water would be stable. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Feb 2001, 98 (5) 2132-2137. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.031581098
MALIN M. C. AND K. S. EDGETT K. S. (2000). Evidence for recent groundwater seepage and surface runoff on Mars. Science, 288, 2330–2335. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.288.5475.2330
MALIN M. C., EDGETT K. S., POSIOLOVA L. V., MCCOLLEY S. M., NOE DOBREA E. Z. (2006). Present-Day Impact Cratering Rate and Contemporary Gully Activity on Mars. Science 314, 1573-1577. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1135156
MANGOLD N., COSTARD F. AND FORGET F. (2003). Debris flows over sand dunes on Mars: Evidence for liquid water. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 108(E4). https://doi.org/10.1029/2002JE001958
MANGOLD N., MANGENEY A., MIGEON V., ANSAN V., LUCAS A., BARATOUX D. AND BOUCHUT F. (2010). Sinuous gullies on Mars: Frequency, distribution, and implications for flow properties. Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets, 115(E11). https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JE003540
MARTÍNEZ, G. M., & RENNO, N. O. (2013). Water and brines on Mars: current evidence and implications for MSL. Space Science Reviews, 175(1), 29-51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-012-9956-3
MARTÍN-TORRES, F., ZORZANO, MP., VALENTÍN-SERRANO, P. ET AL. (2015). Transient liquid water and water activity at Gale crater on Mars. Nature Geoscience, 8, 357–361. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2412
MASTERTON W.L. AND HURLEY C.N. (2011). Chemistry: Principles and Reactions. Thomson Brooks / Cole, Belmont.
MITROFANOV, I., ANFIMOV, D., KOZYREV, A., LITVAK, M., SANIN, A., TRET'YAKOV, V., et al. (2002). Maps of subsurface hydrogen from the high energy neutron detector, Mars Odyssey. Science, 297(5578), 78–81. http://www-geodyn.mit.edu/jpl_02/mitrofanov.pdf
MOHLMANN D. AND KERESZTURI A. (2010). Viscous liquid film flow on dune slopes of Mars. Icarus, 207, 654–658. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2010.01.002
MOTAZEDIAN T. (2003). Currently flowing water on Mars. Lunar and Planetary Science XXXIV, 2003.
MUSSELWHITE D.S., SWINDLE T.D. AND LUNINE J.I. (2001). Liquid CO2 breakout and the formation of recent small gullies on Mars. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28(7), 1283–1285.
NUDING D.L., DAVIS R.D., GOUGH R.V. AND TOLBERT M.A. (2015). The aqueous stability of a Mars salt analog: instant Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research – Planets, 120, 588–598. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JE004722
OROSEI R., LAURO S.E., PETTINELLI E., CICCHETTI A., CORADINI M., COSCIOTTI B., DI PAOLO F., FLAMINI E., MATTEI E., PAJOLA M., SOLDOVIERI F., CARTACCI M., CASSENTI F., FRIGERI A., GIUPPI S., MARTUFI R., MASDEA A., MITRI G., NENNA C., NOSCHESE R., RESTANO M., SEU R. (2018). Radar evidence of subglacial liquid water on Mars. Science, 03 Aug 2018: 490-493. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aar7268 https://science.sciencemag.org/content/361/6401/490.abstract
PELLETIER J. D., KOLB K. J., MCEWEN A. S., KIRK R. L. (2008). Recent bright gully deposits on Mars: Wet or dry flow? Geology 2008, 36 (3), 211–214. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/G24346A.1
REISS D. AND JAUMANN R. (2003). Recent debris flows on Mars: seasonal observations of the Russell Crater dune field. Geophysical Research Letters, 30, 3–6. https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL016704
RICHARDSON M.I. AND MISCHNA M.A. (2005). Long-term evolution of transient liquid water on Mars. Journal of Geophysical Research – Planets, 110, E03003. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JE002367
SCHORGHOFER, N. (2020). Mars: Quantitative evaluation of crocus melting behind boulders. The Astrophysical Journal, 890(1), 49. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab612f
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Description
Hypothesis on the presence of liquid water on the Martian surface under current climatic conditions.
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Ipotesi sulla presenza di acqua liquida sulla superficie di Marte alle attuali condizioni climatiche.
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Ipotesi sulla presenza di acqua liquida sulla superficie di Marte alle attuali condizioni climatiche.
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