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Inflation Leading to a Slow Slip Event and Volcanic Unrest at Mount Etna in 2016: Insights From CGPS Data
Author(s)
Language
English
Obiettivo Specifico
4V. Dinamica dei processi pre-eruttivi
Status
Published
JCR Journal
JCR Journal
Peer review journal
Yes
Title of the book
Issue/vol(year)
/44 (2017)
Pages (printed)
12141-12149
Issued date
November 15, 2017
Subjects
Slow slip event at Mt. Etna
Volcanic unrest at Mt. Etna
CGPS data
Abstract
Global Positioning System (CGPS) data from Mount Etna between May 2015 and September
2016 show intense inflation and a concurrent Slow Slip Event (SSE) from 11 December 2015 to 17 May
2016. In May 2016, an eruptive phase started from the summit craters, temporarily stopping the ongoing
inflation. The CGPS data presented here give us the opportunity to determine (1) the source of the inflating
body, (2) the strain rate parameters highlighting shear strain rate accumulating along NE Rift and S Rift, (3) the
magnitude of the SSE, and (4) possible interaction between modeled sources and other flank structures
through stress calculations. By analytical inversion, we find an inflating source 5.5 km under the summit
(4.4 km below sea level) and flank slip in a fragmented shallow structure accommodating displacements
equivalent to a magnitude Mw6.1 earthquake. These large displacements reflect a complex mechanism of
rotations indicated by the inversion of CGPS data for strain rate parameters. At the scale of the volcano,
these processes can be considered precursors of seismic activity in the eastern flank of the volcano but
concentrated mainly on the northern boundary of the mobile eastern flank along the Pernicana Fault and in
the area of the Timpe Fault System.
2016 show intense inflation and a concurrent Slow Slip Event (SSE) from 11 December 2015 to 17 May
2016. In May 2016, an eruptive phase started from the summit craters, temporarily stopping the ongoing
inflation. The CGPS data presented here give us the opportunity to determine (1) the source of the inflating
body, (2) the strain rate parameters highlighting shear strain rate accumulating along NE Rift and S Rift, (3) the
magnitude of the SSE, and (4) possible interaction between modeled sources and other flank structures
through stress calculations. By analytical inversion, we find an inflating source 5.5 km under the summit
(4.4 km below sea level) and flank slip in a fragmented shallow structure accommodating displacements
equivalent to a magnitude Mw6.1 earthquake. These large displacements reflect a complex mechanism of
rotations indicated by the inversion of CGPS data for strain rate parameters. At the scale of the volcano,
these processes can be considered precursors of seismic activity in the eastern flank of the volcano but
concentrated mainly on the northern boundary of the mobile eastern flank along the Pernicana Fault and in
the area of the Timpe Fault System.
References
Aloisi, M., Bonaccorso, A., Gambino, S., Mattia, M., & Puglisi, G. (2003). Etna 2002 eruption imaged from continuous tilt and GPS data.
Geophysical Research Letters, 30(23), 2214. https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL018896
Aloisi, M., Mattia, M., Ferlito, C., Palano, M., Bruno, V., & Cannavò, F. (2011). Imaging the multi-level magma reservoir at Mt. Etna volcano (Italy).
Geophysical Research Letters, 38, L16306. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL048488
Anderson, K., & Segall, P. (2013). Bayesian inversion of data from effusive volcanic eruptions using physics-based models:
Application to Mount St. Helens 2004–2008. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 118, 2017–2037. https://doi.org/10.1002/
jgrb.50169.
Aster, R. C., Borchers, B., & Thurber, C. H. (2012). Parameter estimation and inverse problems. New York: Academic Press. https://doi.org/
10.1016/S0074-6142(05)80014-2
Bartlow, N. M., Wallace, L. M., Beavan, R. J., Bannister, S., & Segall, P. (2014). Time-dependent modeling of slow slip events and associated
seismicity and tremor at the Hikurangi subduction zone, New Zealand. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 119, 734–753. https://
doi.org/10.1002/2013JB010609
Bonforte, A., Guglielmino, F., Coltelli, M., Ferretti, A., & Puglisi, G. (2011). Structural assessment of Mount Etna volcano from Permanent
Scatterers analysis. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 12, Q02002. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GC003213Bruno, V., Ferlito, C., Mattia, M., Monaco, C., Rossi, M., & Scandura, D. (2016). Evidence of a shallow magma intrusion beneath the NE Rift
system of Mt. Etna during 2013. Terra Nova, 28(5), 356–363. https://doi.org/10.1111/ter.12228
Bruno, V., Mattia, M., Aloisi, M., Palano, M., Cannavò, F., & Holt, W. E. (2012). Ground deformations and volcanic processes as imaged by CGPS
data at Mt. Etna (Italy) between 2003 and 2008. Journal of Geophysical Research, 117, B07208. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JB009114
Cervelli, P. (2013). Analytical expressions for deformation from an arbitrarily oriented spheroid in a half-space. Abstract V44C-06 Presented at
the 2013 Fall Meeting, AGU, San Francisco, CA, 9–13 Dec.
Corsaro, R. A., Andronico, D., Behncke, B., Branca, S., Caltabiano, T., Ciancitto, F.,…De Beni, E. (2017). Monitoring the December 2015 summit
eruptions of Mt. Etna (Italy): Implications on eruptive dynamics. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 341, 53–69. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.04.018
Ferlito, C., Bruno, V., Salerno, G., Caltabiano, T., Scandura, D., Mattia, M., & Coltorti, M. (2017). Dome-like behavior at Mt. Etna: The case of the
28 December 2014 South East Crater paroxysm. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 5361. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-05318-9
Haines, A. J., & Holt, W. E. (1993). A procedure for obtaining the complete horizontal motions within zones of distributed deformation from
the inversion of strain rate data. Journal of Geophysical Research, 98(B7), 12,057–12,082. https://doi.org/10.1029/93JB00892
Hastings, W. K. (1970). Monte Carlo sampling methods using Markov chains and their applications. Biometrika, 57(1), 97–109. https://doi.org/
10.1093/biomet/57.1.97
Herring, T. A., King, R. W., & McClusky, S. C. (2006). GAMIT reference manual. GPS Analysis at MIT, release, 10, 36.
Holt, W. E., & Haines, A. J. (1995). The kinematics of northern South Islands, New Zealand, determined from geologic strain rates. Journal of
Geophysical Research, 100, 17,991–18,010. https://doi.org/10.1029/95JB01059
Kreemer, C., Holt, W. E., Goes, S., & Govers, R. (2000). Active deformation in eastern Indonesia and the Philippines from GPS and seismicity
data. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105(B1), 663–680. https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JB900356
Mattia, M., Bruno, V., Caltabiano, T., Cannata, A., Cannavò, F., D’Alessandro, W.,…Liuzzo, M. (2015). A comprehensive interpretative model of
slow slip events on Mt. Etna’s eastern flank. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 16, 635–658. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GC005585
Mattia, M., Montgomery-Brown, E. K., Bruno, V., & Scandura, D. (2016). A comparison of slow slip events at Etna and Kilauea volcanoes.
Abstract EGU2016–4572 Presented at the EGU Meeting, Vienna, Austria, 17–22 April.
Mattia, M., Patane, D., Aloisi, M., & Amore, M. (2007). Faulting on the western flank of Mt Etna and magma intrusions in the shallow crust.
Terra Nova, 19(1), 89–94. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3121.2006.00724.x
Metropolis, N., Rosenbluth, A. W., Rosenbluth, M. N., Teller, A. H., & Teller, E. (1953). Equation of state calculations by fast computing machines.
The Journal of Chemical Physics, 21(6), 1087–1092. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1699114
Monaco, C., Tappoiner, P., Tortorici, L., & Gillot, P. Y. (1997). Late Quaternary slip rates on the Acireale-Piedimonte normal faults and tectonic
origin of Mt. Etna (Sicily). Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 147, 125–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(97)00005-8
Montgomery-Brown, E. K., Segall, P., & Miklius, A. (2009). Kilauea slow slip events: Identification, source inversions, and relation to seismicity.
Journal of Geophysical Research, 114, B00A03. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JB006074
Montgomery-Brown, E. K., & Syracuse, E. M. (2015). Tremor-genic slow slip regions may be deeper and warmer and may slip slower than
non-tremor-genic regions. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 16, 3593–3606. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GC005895
Okada, Y. (1985). Surface deformation due to shear and tensile fault in half-space. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 75,
1135–1154.
Palano, M. (2016). Episodic slow slip events and seaward flank motion at Mt. Etna volcano (Italy). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal
Research, 324, 8–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.05.010
Palano, M., Rossi, M., Cannavò, F., Bruno, V., Aloisi, M., Pellegrino, D., … Mattia, M. (2010). Etn a geodetic reference frame for Mt. Etna GPS
networks. Annals of Geophysics, 53(4), 49–57. https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-4879
Schultz, R. A. (1995). Limits on strength and deformation properties of jointed basaltic rock masses. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,
28(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01024770
Segall, P. (2010). Earthquake and volcano deformation. Princeton: Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400833856
Williams, C. A., & Wadge, G. (1998). The effects of topography on magma chamber deformation models: Application to Mt. Etna and radar
interferometry. Geophysical Research Letters, 25(10), 1549–1552. https://doi.org/10.1029/98GL01136
Yang, X. M., Davis, P. M., & Dieterich, J. H. (1988). Deformation from inflation of a dipping finite prolate spheroid in an elastic half-space as a
model for volcanic stressing. Journal of Geophysical Research, 93(B5), 4249–4257. https://doi.org/10.1029/JB093iB05p04249
Geophysical Research Letters, 30(23), 2214. https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL018896
Aloisi, M., Mattia, M., Ferlito, C., Palano, M., Bruno, V., & Cannavò, F. (2011). Imaging the multi-level magma reservoir at Mt. Etna volcano (Italy).
Geophysical Research Letters, 38, L16306. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL048488
Anderson, K., & Segall, P. (2013). Bayesian inversion of data from effusive volcanic eruptions using physics-based models:
Application to Mount St. Helens 2004–2008. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 118, 2017–2037. https://doi.org/10.1002/
jgrb.50169.
Aster, R. C., Borchers, B., & Thurber, C. H. (2012). Parameter estimation and inverse problems. New York: Academic Press. https://doi.org/
10.1016/S0074-6142(05)80014-2
Bartlow, N. M., Wallace, L. M., Beavan, R. J., Bannister, S., & Segall, P. (2014). Time-dependent modeling of slow slip events and associated
seismicity and tremor at the Hikurangi subduction zone, New Zealand. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 119, 734–753. https://
doi.org/10.1002/2013JB010609
Bonforte, A., Guglielmino, F., Coltelli, M., Ferretti, A., & Puglisi, G. (2011). Structural assessment of Mount Etna volcano from Permanent
Scatterers analysis. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 12, Q02002. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GC003213Bruno, V., Ferlito, C., Mattia, M., Monaco, C., Rossi, M., & Scandura, D. (2016). Evidence of a shallow magma intrusion beneath the NE Rift
system of Mt. Etna during 2013. Terra Nova, 28(5), 356–363. https://doi.org/10.1111/ter.12228
Bruno, V., Mattia, M., Aloisi, M., Palano, M., Cannavò, F., & Holt, W. E. (2012). Ground deformations and volcanic processes as imaged by CGPS
data at Mt. Etna (Italy) between 2003 and 2008. Journal of Geophysical Research, 117, B07208. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JB009114
Cervelli, P. (2013). Analytical expressions for deformation from an arbitrarily oriented spheroid in a half-space. Abstract V44C-06 Presented at
the 2013 Fall Meeting, AGU, San Francisco, CA, 9–13 Dec.
Corsaro, R. A., Andronico, D., Behncke, B., Branca, S., Caltabiano, T., Ciancitto, F.,…De Beni, E. (2017). Monitoring the December 2015 summit
eruptions of Mt. Etna (Italy): Implications on eruptive dynamics. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 341, 53–69. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.04.018
Ferlito, C., Bruno, V., Salerno, G., Caltabiano, T., Scandura, D., Mattia, M., & Coltorti, M. (2017). Dome-like behavior at Mt. Etna: The case of the
28 December 2014 South East Crater paroxysm. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 5361. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-05318-9
Haines, A. J., & Holt, W. E. (1993). A procedure for obtaining the complete horizontal motions within zones of distributed deformation from
the inversion of strain rate data. Journal of Geophysical Research, 98(B7), 12,057–12,082. https://doi.org/10.1029/93JB00892
Hastings, W. K. (1970). Monte Carlo sampling methods using Markov chains and their applications. Biometrika, 57(1), 97–109. https://doi.org/
10.1093/biomet/57.1.97
Herring, T. A., King, R. W., & McClusky, S. C. (2006). GAMIT reference manual. GPS Analysis at MIT, release, 10, 36.
Holt, W. E., & Haines, A. J. (1995). The kinematics of northern South Islands, New Zealand, determined from geologic strain rates. Journal of
Geophysical Research, 100, 17,991–18,010. https://doi.org/10.1029/95JB01059
Kreemer, C., Holt, W. E., Goes, S., & Govers, R. (2000). Active deformation in eastern Indonesia and the Philippines from GPS and seismicity
data. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105(B1), 663–680. https://doi.org/10.1029/1999JB900356
Mattia, M., Bruno, V., Caltabiano, T., Cannata, A., Cannavò, F., D’Alessandro, W.,…Liuzzo, M. (2015). A comprehensive interpretative model of
slow slip events on Mt. Etna’s eastern flank. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 16, 635–658. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GC005585
Mattia, M., Montgomery-Brown, E. K., Bruno, V., & Scandura, D. (2016). A comparison of slow slip events at Etna and Kilauea volcanoes.
Abstract EGU2016–4572 Presented at the EGU Meeting, Vienna, Austria, 17–22 April.
Mattia, M., Patane, D., Aloisi, M., & Amore, M. (2007). Faulting on the western flank of Mt Etna and magma intrusions in the shallow crust.
Terra Nova, 19(1), 89–94. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3121.2006.00724.x
Metropolis, N., Rosenbluth, A. W., Rosenbluth, M. N., Teller, A. H., & Teller, E. (1953). Equation of state calculations by fast computing machines.
The Journal of Chemical Physics, 21(6), 1087–1092. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1699114
Monaco, C., Tappoiner, P., Tortorici, L., & Gillot, P. Y. (1997). Late Quaternary slip rates on the Acireale-Piedimonte normal faults and tectonic
origin of Mt. Etna (Sicily). Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 147, 125–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(97)00005-8
Montgomery-Brown, E. K., Segall, P., & Miklius, A. (2009). Kilauea slow slip events: Identification, source inversions, and relation to seismicity.
Journal of Geophysical Research, 114, B00A03. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JB006074
Montgomery-Brown, E. K., & Syracuse, E. M. (2015). Tremor-genic slow slip regions may be deeper and warmer and may slip slower than
non-tremor-genic regions. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 16, 3593–3606. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GC005895
Okada, Y. (1985). Surface deformation due to shear and tensile fault in half-space. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 75,
1135–1154.
Palano, M. (2016). Episodic slow slip events and seaward flank motion at Mt. Etna volcano (Italy). Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal
Research, 324, 8–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.05.010
Palano, M., Rossi, M., Cannavò, F., Bruno, V., Aloisi, M., Pellegrino, D., … Mattia, M. (2010). Etn a geodetic reference frame for Mt. Etna GPS
networks. Annals of Geophysics, 53(4), 49–57. https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-4879
Schultz, R. A. (1995). Limits on strength and deformation properties of jointed basaltic rock masses. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,
28(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01024770
Segall, P. (2010). Earthquake and volcano deformation. Princeton: Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400833856
Williams, C. A., & Wadge, G. (1998). The effects of topography on magma chamber deformation models: Application to Mt. Etna and radar
interferometry. Geophysical Research Letters, 25(10), 1549–1552. https://doi.org/10.1029/98GL01136
Yang, X. M., Davis, P. M., & Dieterich, J. H. (1988). Deformation from inflation of a dipping finite prolate spheroid in an elastic half-space as a
model for volcanic stressing. Journal of Geophysical Research, 93(B5), 4249–4257. https://doi.org/10.1029/JB093iB05p04249
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