Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/2122/10669
DC FieldValueLanguage
dc.date.accessioned2018-01-10T07:54:03Zen
dc.date.available2018-01-10T07:54:03Zen
dc.date.issued2018-01en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2122/10669en
dc.description.abstractThe first part of this paper reviews methods using effective solar indices to update a background ionospheric model focusing on those employing the Kriging method to perform the spatial interpolation. Then, it proposes a method to update the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model through the assimilation of data collected by a European ionosonde network. The method, called International Reference Ionosphere UPdate (IRI UP), that can potentially operate in real time, is mathematically described and validated for the period 9–25 March 2015 (a time window including the well-known St. Patrick storm occurred on 17 March), using IRI and IRI Real Time Assimilative Model (IRTAM) models as the reference. It relies on foF2 and M(3000)F2 ionospheric characteristics, recorded routinely by a network of 12 European ionosonde stations, which are used to calculate for each station effective values of IRI indices IG12 and R12 (identified as IG12eff and R12eff ); then, starting from this discrete dataset of values, two-dimensional (2D) maps of IG12eff and R12eff are generated through the universal Kriging method. Five variogram models are proposed and tested statistically to select the best performer for each effective index. Then, computed maps of IG12eff and R12eff are used in the IRI model to synthesize updated values of foF2 and hmF2. To evaluate the ability of the proposed method to reproduce rapid local changes that are common under disturbed conditions, quality metrics are calculated for two test stations whose measurements were not assimilated in IRI UP, Fairford (51.7°N, 1.5°W) and San Vito (40.6°N, 17.8°E), for IRI, IRI UP, and IRTAM models. The proposed method turns out to be very effective under highly disturbed conditions, with significant improvements of the foF2 representation and noticeable improvements of the hmF2 one. Important improvements have been verified also for quiet and moderately disturbed conditions. A visual analysis of foF2 and hmF2 maps highlights the ability of the IRI UP method to catch small-scale changes occurring under disturbed conditions which are not seen by IRI.en
dc.language.isoEnglishen
dc.relation.ispartofSurveys in Geophysicsen
dc.relation.ispartofseries/39 (2018)en
dc.titleEffective Solar Indices for Ionospheric Modeling: A Review and a Proposal for a Real-Time Regional IRIen
dc.typearticleen
dc.description.statusPublisheden
dc.type.QualityControlPeer-revieweden
dc.description.pagenumber125-167en
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s10712-017-9438-yen
dc.description.obiettivoSpecifico2A. Fisica dell'alta atmosferaen
dc.description.obiettivoSpecifico1IT. Reti di monitoraggioen
dc.description.obiettivoSpecifico4IT. Banche datien
dc.description.journalTypeJCR Journalen
dc.contributor.authorPignalberi, Alessioen
dc.contributor.authorPezzopane, Michaelen
dc.contributor.authorRizzi, R.en
dc.contributor.authorGalkin, I.en
dc.contributor.departmentDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universita` di Bologna ‘‘Alma Mater Studiorum’’, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italyen
dc.contributor.departmentIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italiaen
dc.contributor.departmentDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universita` di Bologna ‘‘Alma Mater Studiorum’’, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italyen
dc.contributor.departmentSpace Science Laboratory, University of Massachusetts, 600 Suffolk Street, Lowell, MA 01854, USAen
item.openairetypearticle-
item.cerifentitytypePublications-
item.languageiso639-1en-
item.grantfulltextrestricted-
item.openairecristypehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_18cf-
item.fulltextWith Fulltext-
crisitem.author.deptIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia-
crisitem.author.deptIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia-
crisitem.author.deptDipartimento di Fisica, Universita` di Bologna, Bologna, Italy-
crisitem.author.deptCenter for Atmospheric Research, UMass Lowell, USA-
crisitem.author.orcid0000-0001-9459-4919-
crisitem.author.orcid0000-0001-5800-2322-
crisitem.author.parentorgIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia-
crisitem.author.parentorgIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia-
crisitem.department.parentorgIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia-
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