Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/2122/10290
Authors: Tamburello, G.* 
Agusto, M.* 
Caselli, A.* 
Tassi, F.* 
Vaselli, O.* 
Calabrese, S.* 
Rouwet, D.* 
Capaccioni, B.* 
Di Napoli, R.* 
Cardellini, C.* 
Chiodini, G.* 
Bitetto, M.* 
Brusca, L.* 
Bellomo, S.* 
Aiuppa, A.* 
Title: Intense magmatic degassing through the lake of Copahue volcano, 2013-2014
Journal: Journal of geophysical research - solid earth 
Series/Report no.: 9/120 (2015)
Publisher: American Geophysical Union
Issue Date: Sep-2015
DOI: 10.1002/2015JB012160
Keywords: water/rock interaction
volcanic lakes
volcanic/hydrothermal gases
Subject Classification04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.01. Geochemical exploration 
04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.07. Instruments and techniques 
04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry 
Abstract: Here we report on the first assessment of volatile fluxes from the hyperacid crater lake hosted within the summit crater of Copahue, a very active volcano on the Argentina-Chile border. Our observations were performed using a variety of in situ and remote sensing techniques during field campaigns in March 2013, when the crater hosted an active fumarole field, and in March 2014, when an acidic volcanic lake covered the fumarole field. In the latter campaign, we found that 566 to 1373 t d−1 of SO2 were being emitted from the lake in a plume that appeared largely invisible. This, combined with our derived bulk plume composition, was converted into flux of other volcanic species (H2O ~ 10989 t d−1, CO2 ~ 638 t d−1, HCl ~ 66 t d−1, H2 ~ 3.3 t d−1, and HBr ~ 0.05 t d−1). These levels of degassing, comparable to those seen at many open-vent degassing arc volcanoes, were surprisingly high for a volcano hosting a crater lake. Copahue's unusual degassing regime was also confirmed by the chemical composition of the plume that, although issuing from a hot (65°C) lake, preserves a close-to-magmatic signature. EQ3/6 models of gas-water-rock interaction in the lake were able to match observed compositions and demonstrated that magmatic gases emitted to the atmosphere were virtually unaffected by scrubbing of soluble (S and Cl) species. Finally, the derived large H2O flux (10,988 t d−1) suggested a mechanism in which magmatic gas stripping drove enhanced lake water evaporation, a process likely common to many degassing volcanic lakes worldwide.
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